AIM To investigate the effects of stir-frying,processing with butter and carbonizing by stir-frying on oil components in Gleditsiae sinensis Fructus and Gleditsiae Fructus Abnormalis.METHODS The volatile oils and fatty oils were extracted by steam distillation method and Soxhlet extraction method,respectively,after which the extraction rates were determined.GC-MS was applied to analyzing the kinds and relative contents of oil components,after which cluster analysis was performed.RESULTS After the processing,the two medicinal materials demonstrated increased extraction rates of fatty oils and decreased extraction rates of volatile oils(except for processing with butter),the extraction rates of oil components in Gleditsiae sinensis Fructus were higher than those in Gleditsiae Fructus Abnormalis,and the reduced relative contents of toxic olefin benzene components were observable.CONCLUSION The kinds and relative contents of oil components in Gleditsiae sinensis Fructus and Gleditsiae Fructus Abnormalis exist obvious differences,the former displays better medicinal quality,whose processing mechanism in alleviating dryness and strength may contribute to the reduction of relative contents of toxic olefin benzene components.

AIM To study the chemical constituents from Codonopsis pilosula(Franch.)Nannf in Shanxi and their anti-inflammatory activities.METHODS The 70％ ethanol extract from C.pilosula in Shanxi was isolated and purified by silica gel,ODS and preparative HPLC,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.Their in vitro anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated by RAW264.7 model.RESULTS Sixteen compounds were isolated and identified as ethylsyringin(1),7-O-ethyltangshenoside Ⅱ(2),triandrin(3),trans-isoconiferin(4),methylsyringin(5),9-acetoxy syringin(6),cordifolioidyne B(7),codonopiloenynenoside A(8),codonopilodiynoside F(9),pratialin B(10),lobetyolinin(11),lariciresinol-4-O-β-D-glucoside(12),dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl alcohol 4′-O-β-D-glucoside(13),atractylenolid Ⅲ(14),baimantuoluoamide B(15),benzyl primeveroside(16).Compounds 1-2,5,7-11 and 13-15 had certain anti-inflammatory activities,among which compounds 11,14-15 had higher activities,whose IC50 values were(18.23±4.18),(17.73±3.12),(14.89±2.47)μmol/L,respectively.CONCLUSION Compounds 3,6,13,16 are first isolated from Campanulaceae,2,5,15 are first found from this plant.Compounds 11,14 and 15 have good anti-inflammatory activities.

Knowledge about the neuronal dynamics and the projectome are both essential for understanding how the neuronal network functions in concert. However, it remains challenging to obtain the neural activity and the brain-wide projectome for the same neurons, especially for neurons in subcortical brain regions. Here, by combining in vivo microscopy and high-definition fluorescence micro-optical sectioning tomography, we have developed strategies for mapping the brain-wide projectome of functionally relevant neurons in the somatosensory cortex, the dorsal hippocampus, and the substantia nigra pars compacta. More importantly, we also developed a strategy to achieve acquiring the neural dynamic and brain-wide projectome of the molecularly defined neuronal subtype. The strategies developed in this study solved the essential problem of linking brain-wide projectome to neuronal dynamics for neurons in subcortical structures and provided valuable approaches for understanding how the brain is functionally organized via intricate connectivity patterns.
Animals ; Neurons/physiology* ; Mice ; Brain/physiology* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Somatosensory Cortex/physiology* ; Neural Pathways/physiology* ; Hippocampus/physiology* ; Mice, Transgenic ; Male ; Brain Mapping ; Nerve Net/physiology* ; Substantia Nigra/physiology* ; Tomography, Optical/methods*

Objectives: To evaluate the feasibility and preliminary clinical results of transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement (TPVR) with the domestically-produced balloon-expandable Prizvalve system. Methods: This is a prospective single-center observational study. Patients with postoperative right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) dysfunction, who were admitted to West China Hospital of Sichuan University from September 2021 to March 2023 and deemed anatomically suitable for TPVR with balloon-expandable valve, were included. Clinical, imaging, procedural and follow-up data were analyzed. The immediate procedural results were evaluated by clinical implant success rate, which is defined as successful valve implantation with echocardiography-assessed pulmonary regurgitationResults: A total of 5 patients were included, with 4 males, aged 14 to 37 years. The initial diagnosis included Tetralogy of Fallot (2 cases), truncus arteriosus (1 case), pulmonary atresia (1 case) and subaortic stenosis (1 case, prior Ross procedure). Four patients underwent RVOT reconstruction with homograft or artificial conduit, and one patient was treated with trans-annular patch technique. The indications of TPVR included RVOT obstruction and regurgitation (3 cases), isolated obstruction (1 case), and isolated regurgitation (1 case). Of the 4 patients with varying severity of ROVT obstruction, the average preprocedural peak jet velocity of RVOT was 3.5 m/s, and the average peak pressure gradient was 50.0 mmHg. Except for one patient, who had previously been implanted with a covered Cheatham-Platinum (CP) stent due to severe stenosis of the main pulmonary artery, other patients underwent pre-stenting with a covered CP stent before TPVR. Clinical implant success was achieved in all of the 5 patients, and there was no serious periprocedural complications. The average trans-pulmonary peak jet velocity and peak pressure gradient derived from postprocedural echocardiography was 2.3 m/s and 21.2 mmHg, respectively. All patients experienced significant symptom relief after the procedure. All patients completed 3-month follow-up, and 4 completed 6-month follow-up. There was no case of infectious endocarditis during follow-up. All patients were graded as NYHA functional class one at the latest follow-up. Conclusions: TPVR using the domestically-produced balloon-expandable Prizvalve system is safe and feasible for the treatment of patients with post-surgical RVOT dysfunction and suitable landing-zone anatomy. The safety, effectiveness, and long-term valve durability of the Prizvalve system deserve further research.
Male ; Humans ; Pulmonary Valve/surgery* ; Heart Valve Prosthesis/adverse effects* ; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation ; Constriction, Pathologic/surgery* ; Prospective Studies ; Ventricular Outflow Obstruction/surgery* ; Treatment Outcome ; Cardiac Catheterization/methods* ; Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

Objectives: To evaluate the feasibility and preliminary clinical results of transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement (TPVR) with the domestically-produced balloon-expandable Prizvalve system. Methods: This is a prospective single-center observational study. Patients with postoperative right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) dysfunction, who were admitted to West China Hospital of Sichuan University from September 2021 to March 2023 and deemed anatomically suitable for TPVR with balloon-expandable valve, were included. Clinical, imaging, procedural and follow-up data were analyzed. The immediate procedural results were evaluated by clinical implant success rate, which is defined as successful valve implantation with echocardiography-assessed pulmonary regurgitationResults: A total of 5 patients were included, with 4 males, aged 14 to 37 years. The initial diagnosis included Tetralogy of Fallot (2 cases), truncus arteriosus (1 case), pulmonary atresia (1 case) and subaortic stenosis (1 case, prior Ross procedure). Four patients underwent RVOT reconstruction with homograft or artificial conduit, and one patient was treated with trans-annular patch technique. The indications of TPVR included RVOT obstruction and regurgitation (3 cases), isolated obstruction (1 case), and isolated regurgitation (1 case). Of the 4 patients with varying severity of ROVT obstruction, the average preprocedural peak jet velocity of RVOT was 3.5 m/s, and the average peak pressure gradient was 50.0 mmHg. Except for one patient, who had previously been implanted with a covered Cheatham-Platinum (CP) stent due to severe stenosis of the main pulmonary artery, other patients underwent pre-stenting with a covered CP stent before TPVR. Clinical implant success was achieved in all of the 5 patients, and there was no serious periprocedural complications. The average trans-pulmonary peak jet velocity and peak pressure gradient derived from postprocedural echocardiography was 2.3 m/s and 21.2 mmHg, respectively. All patients experienced significant symptom relief after the procedure. All patients completed 3-month follow-up, and 4 completed 6-month follow-up. There was no case of infectious endocarditis during follow-up. All patients were graded as NYHA functional class one at the latest follow-up. Conclusions: TPVR using the domestically-produced balloon-expandable Prizvalve system is safe and feasible for the treatment of patients with post-surgical RVOT dysfunction and suitable landing-zone anatomy. The safety, effectiveness, and long-term valve durability of the Prizvalve system deserve further research.
Male ; Humans ; Pulmonary Valve/surgery* ; Heart Valve Prosthesis/adverse effects* ; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation ; Constriction, Pathologic/surgery* ; Prospective Studies ; Ventricular Outflow Obstruction/surgery* ; Treatment Outcome ; Cardiac Catheterization/methods* ; Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

COVID-19 has been prevalent for three years. The virulence of SARS-CoV-2 is weaken as it mutates continuously. However, elderly patients, especially those with underlying diseases, are still at high risk of developing severe infections. With the continuous study of the molecular structure and pathogenic mechanism of SARS-CoV-2, antiviral drugs for COVID-19 have been successively marketed, and these anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs can effectively reduce the severe rate and mortality of elderly patients. This article reviews the mechanism, clinical medication regimens, drug interactions and adverse reactions of five small molecule antiviral drugs currently approved for marketing in China, so as to provide advice for the clinical rational use of anti-SARS-CoV-2 in the elderly.

Neurovascular coupling is the function of regulating blood flow of the central nervous system at the level of neurovascular units. The central nervous system diseases related to neurovascular coupling mainly include cerebrovascular diseases such as chronic cerebral ischemia and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease and Lewy body dementia. The main mechanism of neurovascular coupling dysfunction leading to the above diseases is cerebrovascular dysfunction or loss,which leads to serious damage to neuronal ischemia and affects its function. Therefore,this paper reviews the research status of neurovascular coupling and its related central nervous system diseases,in order to guide the follow-up research. The purpose of this paper is to provide a basis for the prevention,relief and treatment of central nervous system diseases related to neurovascular coupling through the mechanism of neurovascular coupling.

Child ; Humans ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy* ; Retrospective Studies ; Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use* ; HIV Infections/epidemiology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use*

Humans ; Carcinoma, Small Cell/pathology* ; Urinary Tract/pathology* ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/pathology* ; Kidney Neoplasms/pathology* ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/pathology* ; Ureter/pathology*

Objectives: To investigated the safety and efficacy of treating patients with acute non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and elevated levels of N-terminal pro-hormone B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) with levosimendan within 24 hours of first medical contact (FMC). Methods: This multicenter, open-label, block-randomized controlled trial (NCT03189901) investigated the safety and efficacy of levosimendan as an early management strategy of acute heart failure (EMS-AHF) for patients with NSTEMI and high NT-proBNP levels. This study included 255 patients with NSTEMI and elevated NT-proBNP levels, including 142 males and 113 females with a median age of 65 (58-70) years, and were admitted in the emergency or outpatient departments at 14 medical centers in China between October 2017 and October 2021. The patients were randomly divided into a levosimendan group (n=129) and a control group (n=126). The primary outcome measure was NT-proBNP levels on day 3 of treatment and changes in the NT-proBNP levels from baseline on day 5 after randomization. The secondary outcome measures included the proportion of patients with more than 30% reduction in NT-proBNP levels from baseline, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) during hospitalization and at 6 months after hospitalization, safety during the treatment, and health economics indices. The measurement data parameters between groups were compared using the t-test or the non-parametric test. The count data parameters were compared between groups using the χ² test. Results: On day 3, the NT-proBNP levels in the levosimendan group were lower than the control group but were statistically insignificant [866 (455, 1 960) vs. 1 118 (459, 2 417) ng/L, Z=-1.25,P=0.21]. However, on day 5, changes in the NT-proBNP levels from baseline in the levosimendan group were significantly higher than the control group [67.6% (33.8%,82.5%)vs.54.8% (7.3%,77.9%), Z=-2.14, P=0.03]. There were no significant differences in the proportion of patients with more than 30% reduction in the NT-proBNP levels on day 5 between the levosimendan and the control groups [77.5% (100/129) vs. 69.0% (87/126), χ²=2.34, P=0.13]. Furthermore, incidences of MACE did not show any significant differences between the two groups during hospitalization [4.7% (6/129) vs. 7.1% (9/126), χ²=0.72, P=0.40] and at 6 months [14.7% (19/129) vs. 12.7% (16/126), χ²=0.22, P=0.64]. Four cardiac deaths were reported in the control group during hospitalization [0 (0/129) vs. 3.2% (4/126), P=0.06]. However, 6-month survival rates were comparable between the two groups (log-rank test, P=0.18). Moreover, adverse events or serious adverse events such as shock, ventricular fibrillation, and ventricular tachycardia were not reported in both the groups during levosimendan treatment (days 0-1). The total cost of hospitalization [34 591.00(15 527.46,59 324.80) vs. 37 144.65(16 066.90,63 919.00)yuan, Z=-0.26, P=0.80] and the total length of hospitalization [9 (8, 12) vs. 10 (7, 13) days, Z=0.72, P=0.72] were lower for patients in the levosimendan group compared to those in the control group, but did not show statistically significant differences. Conclusions: Early administration of levosimendan reduced NT-proBNP levels in NSTEMI patients with elevated NT-proBNP and did not increase the total cost and length of hospitalization, but did not significantly improve MACE during hospitalization or at 6 months.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Aged ; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain ; Simendan/therapeutic use* ; Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction ; Heart Failure/drug therapy* ; Peptide Fragments ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Biomarkers ; Prognosis