A method for determination and targeted screening of diflorasone components in health products using ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF/MS)was established.Four representative diflorasone and esters(diflorasone,diflorasone diacetate,diflorasone-17-propionate,and diflorasone-21-propionate)were selected to optimize the pretreatment conditions,and 10 mL of extraction solvent dosage,15 min of extraction time and 5 g of salting-out agent as the optimal conditions were selected by response surface methodology.The results showed that the four analytes exhibited good linearity within the concentration range of 2.0?100 μg/L with the chromatographic peak area,and the correlation coefficients(R2)were all greater than 0.9990,while the results of recovery and relative standard deviation could satisfy the requirements of determination.The common characteristic ions of diflorasone and esters werem/z121 andm/z335,and their specific structures were obtained by analyzing the cleavage pathway based on the optimized determination conditions.A targeted screening method for other esters of diflorasone based on characteristic ions guidance strategy was established.This method had many advantages such as high efficiency,high sensitivity and good reproducibility,and could be used for targeted screening of diflorasone and esters in health products.The developed characteristic ion guided strategy could be employed to construct mass spectral databases for various glucocorticoids,enabling comprehensive targeted screening across a broad range of compounds.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Zhuyun Yangmo Formula(composed of Dioscoreae Rhizoma,Corni Fructus,Cinnamomi Cortex,Cuscutae Semen,Chuanxiong Rhizoma,Angelicae Sinensis Radix,Lycii Fructus,Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata,Polygonati Rhizoma,Asini Corii Colla,Rubi Fructus,etc.)combined with Letrozole for the treatment of patients with infertility caused by follicular maldevelopment(FM)of kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome type.Methods Sixty patients with FM-caused infertility of kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome type treated at the Reproductive Medicine Department of Qingyuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from February 2024 to August 2024 were randomized into a control group(30 cases,treated with Letrozole alone)and an observation group(30 cases,treated with Zhuyun Yangmo Formula plus Letrozole)for three menstrual cycles.Primary outcomes of maximum diameter of preovulatory follicles and serum levels of estradiol(E2),luteinizing hormone(LH),and follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)in the two groups were observed before and after treatment.After treatment,the pregnancy rates in the two groups were compared.Results After treatment,serum E2,LH and FSH levels in both groups were significantly increased compared to those before treatment(P＜0.05),and the observation group showed significantly greater increase than the control group,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.01).(2)After treatment,both groups showed improvement in the maximum diameter of preovulatory follicles compared to that before treatment(P＜0.05),and the observation group demonstrated significantly better improvement than the control group,with a statistically significant difference(P＜0.01).(3)After 3 menstrual cycles of treatment,the pregnancy rate in the observation group was 40.00%(12/30),significantly higher than 16.67%(5/30)in the control group,with a statistically significant difference(P＜0.05).Conclusion Zhuyun Yangmo Formula combined with Letrozole demonstrates superior efficacy in improving follicular development,elevating serum E2,LH and FSH levels,and increasing pregnancy rates in patients with FM-caused infertility of kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome type when compared to Letrozole monotherapy alone.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Yishen Pojian Formula(YSPJF)combined with Letrozole in treating infertility due to ovulatory dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)patients of kidney deficiency and blood stasis type.Methods Sixty PCOS patients diagnosed as ovulatory-dysfunction-induced infertility(kidney deficiency and blood stasis type)at the Reproductive Medicine Department of Qingyuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine from February 2024 to December 2024 were randomized into an observation group and a control group using a random number table,with 30 cases in each group.The control group received Letrozole alone,while the observation group received YSPJF combined with Letrozole.Both groups were treated for three menstrual cycles and followed up for three months.The changes in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome scores,serum levels of sex hormones[follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH),testosterone(T),and anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH)],ovarian function parameters[antral follicle count(AFC),maximum follicle diameter(FD),and endometrial thickness(EM)]in the two groups were observed.Moreover,the ovulation rate and pregnancy rate were compared.Results(1)After treatment,the TCM syndrome scores of the two groups were lower than those before treatment(P＜0.05),and the decrease in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.05).(2)After treatment,the serum FSH of the two groups was higher than that before treatment(P＜0.05),and the levels of serum LH,T,and AMH were lower than those before treatment(P＜0.05),and the increase of the serum FSH level and the decrease of the levels of serum LH,T,and AMH in the observation group were significantly superior to those in the control group,the differences being all statistically significant(P＜0.05).(3)After treatment,AFC was reduced(P＜0.05)and FD and EM were elevated(P＜0.05)in both groups compared with those before treatment,and the reduction of AFC and the elevation of FD and EM in the observation group were significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.05).(4)After treatment,the ovulation rate and pregnancy rate of the observation group were 90.00%(27/30)and 50.00%(15/30),respectively,which were higher than those of the control group[70.00%(21/30)and 30.00%(9/30)],and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion YSPJF combined with Letrozole exerts significant clinical efficacy for PCOS patients with infertility due to ovulatory dysfunction of kidney deficiency and blood stasis type,and the combined therapy is effective on alleviating TCM syndromes,modulating sex hormone levels,improving ovarian function,and elevating ovulation rate and pregnancy rate.

177Lu-prostate specific membrane antigen(PSMA)radio-ligand therapy has been approved abroad for advanced prostate cancer and has been in several clinical trials in China.Based on domestic clinical practice and experimental data and referred to international experience and viewpoints,the expert group forms a consensus on the clinical application of 177Lu-PSMA radio-ligand therapy in prostate cancer to guide clinical practice.

Objective To explore the value of biparametric magnetic resonance imaging(bp-MRI)radiomics models in noninvasive prediction of high-risk prostate cancer.Methods A total of 320 patients with pathologically confirmed prostate cancer were retro-spectively selected,and all patients underwent bp-MRI before pathology,including T2WI and diffusion weighted imaging(DWI).Appar-ent diffusion coefficient(ADC)maps were extracted from DWI.All patients were divided into high-risk(Gleason score≥8)and medium-low risk(Gleason score ≤7)groups based on the Gleason score.Using 3D Slicer software,the entire prostate gland was outlined.Python software was used to calculate parameters,and the minimum redundancy maximum correlation and sequence back-ward elimination algorithms were used to extract and select radiomics features and to build a model.Three radiomics(T2 WI,DWI,ADC)models were constructed and verified by logistic regression(LR).The performance of the model was evaluated by area under the curve(AUC)of receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,specificity(SP),sensitivity(SE),and accuracy(ACC).An indi-vidual prediction model was established via the clinical data of 224 patients and bp-MRI features,and validated via the data of 96 patients.Results A total of 1 165 radiomics features were extracted.After feature screening,2,4 and 6 radiomics features were screened out to construct T2WI model,DWI model and ADC model for predicting high-risk prostate cancer.All radiomics models had significant predictive performance in identifying medium-low risk and high-risk groups(P＜0.05).The DWI model had the highest predictive value,and the AUC,ACC,SE,and SP in the training group were 0.814,0.756,0.838,and 0.744,respectively.The AUC,ACC,SE,and SP in the verification group were 0.840,0.756,0.848,and 0.784,respectively.Conclusion Radiomics based on bp-MRI can better identify medium-low risk and high-risk prostate cancer before surgery.

OBJECTIVE: The mode of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission via injection drug use (IDU) still exists, and the recent shift in IDU-related transmission of HIV infection is largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to analyze the spatiotemporal sources and dynamics of HIV-1 transmission through IDU in Guangxi. METHODS: We performed a molecular epidemiological investigation of infections across Guangxi from 2009 to 2019. Phylogenetic and Bayesian time-geographic analyses of HIV-1 sequences were performed to confirm the characteristics of transmission between IDUs in combination with epidemiological data. RESULTS: Among the 535 subjects, CRF08_BC (57.4%), CRF01_AE (28.4%), and CRF07_BC (10.7%) were the top 3 HIV strains; 72.6% of infections were linked to other provinces in the transmission network; 93.6% of sequence-transmitted strains were locally endemic, with the rest coming from other provinces, predominantly Guangdong and Yunnan; 92.1% of the HIV transmission among people who inject drugs tended to be transmitted between HIV-positive IDUs. CONCLUSION HIV recombinants were high diversity, and circulating local strains were the transmission sources among IDUs in Guangxi. However, there were still cases of IDUs linked to other provinces. Coverage of traditional prevention strategies should be expanded, and inter-provincial collaboration between Guangxi, Yunnan, and Guangdong provinces should be strengthened.
Humans ; HIV-1/genetics* ; HIV Infections ; Drug Users ; Phylogeny ; Bayes Theorem ; China/epidemiology* ; Genotype

Objective To analyze the genetic subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the prevalence of pretreatment drug resistance in the newly reported HIV-infected men in Guangxi. Methods The stratified random sampling method was employed to select the newly reported HIV-infected men aged≥50 years old in 14 cities of Guangxi from January to June in 2020.The pol gene of HIV-1 was amplified by nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and then sequenced.The mutation sites associated with drug resistance and the degree of drug resistance were then analyzed. Results A total of 615 HIV-infected men were included in the study.The genetic subtypes of CRF01_AE,CRF07_BC,and CRF08_BC accounted for 57.4% (353/615),17.1% (105/615),and 22.4% (138/615),respectively.The mutations associated with the resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI),non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI),and protease inhibitors occurred in 8 (1.3%),18 (2.9%),and 0 patients,respectively.M184V (0.7%) and K103N (1.8%) were the mutations with the highest occurrence rates for the resistance to NRTIs and NNRTIs,respectively.Twenty-two (3.6%) patients were resistant to at least one type of inhibitors.Specifically,4 (0.7%),14 (2.3%),4 (0.7%),and 0 patients were resistant to NRTIs,NNRTIs,both NRTIs and NNRTIs,and protease inhibitors,respectively.The pretreatment resistance to NNRTIs had much higher frequency than that to NRTIs (2.9% vs.1.3%;χ²=3.929,P=0.047).The prevalence of pretreatment resistance to lamivudine,zidovudine,tenofovir,abacavir,rilpivirine,efavirenz,nevirapine,and lopinavir/ritonavir was 0.8%, 0.3%, 0.7%, 1.0%, 1.3%, 2.8%, 2.9%, and 0, respectively. Conclusions CRF01_AE,CRF07_BC,and CRF08_BC are the three major strains of HIV-infected men≥50 years old newly reported in Guangxi,2020,and the pretreatment drug resistance demonstrates low prevalence.
Male ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/therapeutic use* ; HIV Infections/drug therapy* ; Drug Resistance, Viral/genetics* ; China/epidemiology* ; Mutation ; HIV-1/genetics* ; Protease Inhibitors/therapeutic use* ; Genotype

Paris rugosa(Melanthiaceae) only grows in Yunnan province of China at present, and its chemical constituents have not been systematically studied. In this study, nine compounds, including one new compound pariposide G(1) and eight known compounds of cerin(2), stigmast-4-en-3-one(3), β-ecdysone(4), ophiopogonin C'(5), methyl protogracillin(6), gracillin(7), parissaponin H(8), and parisyunnanoside G(9), were isolated and identified from the ethanol extract of P. rugosa rhizomes by column chromatography methods and semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). Compounds 1-9 were isolated from this plant for the first time. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of all the compounds were evaluated. The results showed that ophiopogonin C' had strong inhibitory effects on Candida albicans [MIC_(90)=(4.68±0.01) μmol·L~(-1)] and the fluconazole-resistant strain of C. albicans [MIC_(90)=(4.66±0.02) μmol·L~(-1)].
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Candida albicans ; China ; Liliaceae ; Melanthiaceae ; Rhizome

Objective:To explore the regulatory role of miR-210 in hypoxia-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of pancreatic cancer PANC1 cells.Methods:PANC1 cells cultured in normoxia and hypoxia were established in normoxia group and hypoxia group. Recombinant plasmid carrrying miR-210 mimics and miR-210 antagomirs were constructed. The recombinant plasmids were transfected with PANC1 cells cultured in normoxia and hypoxia by liposome method to establish cell lines of miR-210 overexpression (miR-210 mimics normoxia group) and miR-210 expression inhibition (miR-210 antagomirs hypoxia group). The blank plasmids were transfected to establish blank plasmid normoxia group and blank plasmid hypoxia group. Relative expression levels of miR-210 for PANC1 cells were determined by qRT-PCR in each group. Western blot was used to measure the expressions of HIF-1α, NF-κB and EMT related protein such as E-cadherin, β-catenin, vimentin and N-cadherin. Cell relative viability under gemcitabine and in vitro cell invasion ability were detected by CCK8 and Transwell chamber experiments, respectively. Results:The relative expressions of miR-210 in hypoxia group and miR-210 mimics normoxia group were significantly higher than those in normoxia group and blank plasmid normoxia group. However, there were significantly lower in miR-210 antagomirs hypoxia group than those in blank plasmid hypoxia group. The expression levels of HIF-1α, NF-κB and mesenchymal cell markers such as vimentin and N-cadherin in hypoxia group were significantly higher than those in normoxia group (0.74±0.06 vs 0.40±0.05, 1.58±0.16 vs 1.09±0.13, 0.46±0.04 vs 0.17±0.02, 1.27±0.07 vs 0.40±0.03) and the epithelial cell markers such as E-cadherin and β-catenin were significantly lower (0.40±0.07 vs 0.77±0.10, 0.35±0.02 vs 0.94±0.08). The expression levels of HIF-1α, NF-κB, vimentin and N-cadherin in miR-210 mimics normoxia group were significantly higher than those in blank plasmid normoxia group (0.91±0.08 vs 0.40±0.06, 1.52±0.17 vs 1.05±0.14, 0.82±0.06 vs 0.66±0.07, 0.76±0.04 vs 0.46±0.03) and E-cadherin and β-catenin were significantly lower (0.38±0.07 vs 0.65±0.09, 0.50±0.03 vs 0.94±0.08). The expression levels of HIF-1α, NF-κB, vimentin and N-cadherin in miR-210 antagomirs hypoxia group were significantly lower than those in blank plasmid hypoxia group (0.31±0.05 vs 0.55±0.06, 0.68±0.05 vs 1.11±0.13, 0.41±0.03 vs 0.74±0.07, 0.69±0.06 vs 0.78±0.05), while E-cadherin and β-catenin were significantly higher (0.72±0.13 vs 0.50±0.07, 0.71±0.04 vs 0.54±0.05). All the differences among the groups were statistically significant (all P value <0.05). Under gemcitabine, the relative viability of PANC1 cells in hypoxia group and miR-210 mimics normoxia group were significantly higher than those in normoxia group and blank plasmid normoxia group at 48 h (1.10±0.10 vs 0.76±0.05, 1.46±0.11 vs 1.12±0.09) and 72 h (1.12±0.13 vs 0.76±0.05, 1.54±0.13 vs 1.12±0.09) accordingly. However, there were significantly lower in miR-210 antagomirs hypoxia group than those in blank plasmid hypoxia group at 48 and 72 h (0.75±0.09 vs 1.10±0.10, 1.19±0.12 vs 1.46±0.11). All the differences among the groups were statistically significant (all P value <0.05). The number of transmembrane cells in hypoxia group and miR-210 mimics normoxia group was significantly higher than those in normoxia group and blank plasmid normoxia group, respectively (417.50±81.22 vs 228.30±47.71, 371.30±72.81 vs 245.00±33.62 per high field), while those in miR-210 antagomirs hypoxia group was significantly lower than those in blank plasmid hypoxia group (228.30±54.01 vs 433.30±65.63 per high field). All the differences among the groups were statistically significant (all P value <0.05). Conclusions:miR-210 could weaken the sensitivity to gemcitabine and promote the invasion of PANC1 cells by regulating the occurrence of the hypoxia-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) are miRNAs that are mediated by exosomes to achieve cell-to-cell communication, and they are widespread in organisms. In recent years, the key role of the multiple biological functions of exosomal miRNAs in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases has been confirmed by a large number of studies, which has become a hot spot in clinical and basic research. Sudden cardiac death caused by cardiovascular disease is one of the important contents in forensic medical identification. This article introduces the research progress of cardiovascular disease prediction, treatment and prognosis on exosomal miRNA. The prospects of the application in forensic medical identification are discussed.
Cardiovascular Diseases/genetics* ; Exosomes/genetics* ; Humans ; MicroRNAs/genetics*