BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that platelet-derived growth factor BB can stimulate the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and accelerate the calcification process of osteoblast-like cells.However,its clinical application has problems such as short half-life and easy decomposition.Loading the growth factor onto a suitable biomaterial scaffold can enable its slow and continuous release and maintain an effective concentration,which has become a hot topic in current research.OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of chitosan/reduced graphene oxide scaffolds loaded with platelet-derived growth factor BB on the repair of alveolar bone defect in rats.METHODS:(1)Chitosan/reduced graphene oxide scaffolds(referred to as CS/rGO scaffolds)and chitosan/reduced graphene oxide scaffolds loaded with different mass concentrations(5,10,15,and 20 mg/L)of platelet-derived growth factor BB(referred to as CS/rGO/PDGF-BB-5,CS/rGO/PDGF-BB-10,CS/rGO/PDGF-BB-15,and CS/rGO/PDGF-BB-20 scaffolds)were prepared respectively.The five groups of scaffolds were co-cultured with rat periodontal ligament stem cells.The cell proliferation and migration were detected by CCK-8 assay and Transwell chamber assay,respectively,to screen the appropriate growth factor loading mass concentration for subsequent experiments.CS/rGO scaffolds(or extracts)and CS/rGO/PDGF-BB-15 scaffolds(or extracts)were co-cultured with rat periodontal ligament stem cells,and the osteogenic differentiation and angiogenic ability of the cells were detected.(2)The alveolar bone defect model was prepared in front of the bilateral maxillary first molars of 16 SD rats,and the rats were randomly divided into 4 intervention groups:the blank control group did not receive any intervention,the simple scaffold group was implanted with CS/rGO/PDGF-BB-15 scaffold,the control group was implanted with CS/rGO scaffold and rat periodontal ligament stem cell complex,and the experimental group was implanted with CS/rGO/PDGF-BB-15 scaffold and rat periodontal ligament stem cell complex,with 4 rats in each group.Twelve weeks after surgery,the bone repair of the alveolar bone defect was observed by Micro CT scanning and hematoxylin-eosin staining.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)CS/rGO/PDGF-BB-5,CS/rGO/PDGF-BB-10,CS/rGO/PDGF-BB-15,and CS/rGO/PDGF-BB-20 scaffolds could promote the proliferation and migration of rat periodontal ligament stem cells.Among them,the CS/rGO/PDGF-BB-15 scaffold had the most significant effect on promoting cell proliferation and migration,and this scaffold was used for subsequent experiments.Compared with the CS/rGO scaffold,the CS/rGO/PDGF-BB-15 scaffold could promote the osteogenic and angiogenic differentiation of rat periodontal ligament stem cells.(2)Micro CT scanning and hematoxylin-eosin staining results showed that the experimental group had the best alveolar bone defect repair effect,and a large amount of new bone tissue and blood vessel formation could be seen.(3)The chitosan/reduced graphene oxide scaffold loaded with platelet-derived growth factor BB can effectively promote the repair of rat alveolar bone defects by promoting the proliferation,migration,angiogenic and osteogenic differentiation of rat periodontal ligament stem cells.

BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that platelet-derived growth factor BB can stimulate the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and accelerate the calcification process of osteoblast-like cells.However,its clinical application has problems such as short half-life and easy decomposition.Loading the growth factor onto a suitable biomaterial scaffold can enable its slow and continuous release and maintain an effective concentration,which has become a hot topic in current research.OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of chitosan/reduced graphene oxide scaffolds loaded with platelet-derived growth factor BB on the repair of alveolar bone defect in rats.METHODS:(1)Chitosan/reduced graphene oxide scaffolds(referred to as CS/rGO scaffolds)and chitosan/reduced graphene oxide scaffolds loaded with different mass concentrations(5,10,15,and 20 mg/L)of platelet-derived growth factor BB(referred to as CS/rGO/PDGF-BB-5,CS/rGO/PDGF-BB-10,CS/rGO/PDGF-BB-15,and CS/rGO/PDGF-BB-20 scaffolds)were prepared respectively.The five groups of scaffolds were co-cultured with rat periodontal ligament stem cells.The cell proliferation and migration were detected by CCK-8 assay and Transwell chamber assay,respectively,to screen the appropriate growth factor loading mass concentration for subsequent experiments.CS/rGO scaffolds(or extracts)and CS/rGO/PDGF-BB-15 scaffolds(or extracts)were co-cultured with rat periodontal ligament stem cells,and the osteogenic differentiation and angiogenic ability of the cells were detected.(2)The alveolar bone defect model was prepared in front of the bilateral maxillary first molars of 16 SD rats,and the rats were randomly divided into 4 intervention groups:the blank control group did not receive any intervention,the simple scaffold group was implanted with CS/rGO/PDGF-BB-15 scaffold,the control group was implanted with CS/rGO scaffold and rat periodontal ligament stem cell complex,and the experimental group was implanted with CS/rGO/PDGF-BB-15 scaffold and rat periodontal ligament stem cell complex,with 4 rats in each group.Twelve weeks after surgery,the bone repair of the alveolar bone defect was observed by Micro CT scanning and hematoxylin-eosin staining.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)CS/rGO/PDGF-BB-5,CS/rGO/PDGF-BB-10,CS/rGO/PDGF-BB-15,and CS/rGO/PDGF-BB-20 scaffolds could promote the proliferation and migration of rat periodontal ligament stem cells.Among them,the CS/rGO/PDGF-BB-15 scaffold had the most significant effect on promoting cell proliferation and migration,and this scaffold was used for subsequent experiments.Compared with the CS/rGO scaffold,the CS/rGO/PDGF-BB-15 scaffold could promote the osteogenic and angiogenic differentiation of rat periodontal ligament stem cells.(2)Micro CT scanning and hematoxylin-eosin staining results showed that the experimental group had the best alveolar bone defect repair effect,and a large amount of new bone tissue and blood vessel formation could be seen.(3)The chitosan/reduced graphene oxide scaffold loaded with platelet-derived growth factor BB can effectively promote the repair of rat alveolar bone defects by promoting the proliferation,migration,angiogenic and osteogenic differentiation of rat periodontal ligament stem cells.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of acupuncture in treating severe Bell's palsy and to explore its potential mechanism by investigating the effect on serum levels of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor （GDNF） and nerve growth factor （NGF）. MethodsA randomized， subject-blinded， sham-acupuncture controlled trial was conducted. A total of 130 patients with severe Bell's palsy were randomly allocated into a treatment group or a control group at a 1∶1 ratio. Both groups received conventional western medicine. In addition， the treatment group received acupuncture， while the control group received sham acupuncture， with each session lasting 30 minutes. The treatment course lasted 8 weeks for both groups， followed by a follow-up assessment at week 12. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients achieving House-Brackmann （H-B） grade Ⅱ or lower at week 8. Secondary outcomes included Sunnybrook facial grading system scores at week 0， 4， 8， and 12， the time to satisfactory recovery（the time required to achieve H-B grade≤Ⅱ）， distribution of H-B grades and facial disability index （FDI） scores including the physical function subscale （FDIP） and social/well-being function subscale （FDIS） scores at week 0， 4， 8， and 12， and serum GDNF and NGF levels at week 0， 4， and 8. Adverse events and participants' self-assessments of treatment efficacy were also recorded. ResultsA total of 122 participants completed the study， including 62 in the treatment group and 60 in the control group. An intention-to-treat （ITT） analysis was performed， and missing data were handled using the last observation carried forward （LOCF） method. The proportion of patients achieving H-B grade ≤grade Ⅱ at week 8 was 78.5% （51/65） in the treatment group， significantly higher than 49.2% （32/65） in the control group （P＜0.05）. The Sunnybrook scores， FDIP and FDIS scores increased， while H-B grades decreased at week 4， 8， and 12 in both groups compared to week 0； moreover， improvements in all outcome measures were significantly greater in the treatment group than in the control group （P＜0.05）. The median time to satisfactory recovery was 6 weeks （95%CI： 5.697-6.303） in the treatment group， significantly shorter than 12 weeks （95%CI： 8.314-15.686） in the control group （P＜0.05）. Serum levels of GDNF and NGF were significantly higher in the treatment group at weeks 4 and 8 （P＜0.05）. No serious acupuncture-related adverse events occurred in either group. Adverse events were reported in 5 patients （7.69%） in the treatment group and 4 patients （6.15%） in the control group， with no statistically significant difference between groups （P＞0.05）. Patients' self-assessment of treatment efficacy after 8 weeks treatment was significantly better in the treatment group （P＜0.05）. ConclusionAcupuncture can effectively improve facial nerve function and shorten recovery time in patients with severe Bell's palsy， with a favorable safety profile. The therapeutic mechanism may be associated with the upregulation of serum GDNF and NGF levels.

ObjectiveThis paper proposes a novel real-time bedside pulmonary ventilation monitoring method for the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), based on electrical impedance tomography (EIT). Four indicators—center of ventilation (CoV), global inhomogeneity index (GI), regional ventilation delay inhomogeneity (RVDI), and the ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity (FEV₁/FVC)—are calculated to enable the spatiotemporal assessment of COPD. MethodsA simulation of the respiratory cycles of COPD patients was first conducted, revealing significant differences in certain indicators compared to healthy individuals. The effectiveness of these indicators was then validated through experiments. A total of 93 subjects underwent multiple pulmonary function tests (PFTs) alongside simultaneous EIT measurements. Ventilation heterogeneity under different breathing patterns—including forced exhalation, forced inhalation, and quiet tidal breathing—was compared. EIT images and related indicators were analyzed to distinguish healthy individuals across different age groups from COPD patients. ResultsSimulation results demonstrated significant differences in CoV, GI, FEV₁/FVC, and RVDI between COPD patients and healthy individuals. Experimental findings indicated that, in terms of spatial heterogeneity, the GI values of COPD patients were significantly higher than those of the other two groups, while no significant differences were observed among healthy individuals. Regarding temporal heterogeneity, COPD patients exhibited significantly higher RVDI values than the other groups during both quiet breathing and forced inhalation. Moreover, during forced exhalation, the distribution of FEV₁/FVC values further highlighted the temporal delay heterogeneity of regional lung function in COPD patients, distinguishing them from healthy individuals of various ages. ConclusionEIT technology effectively reveals the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of regional lung function, which holds great promise for the diagnosis and management of COPD.

Thrombospondin 4 (THBS4; TSP4), a crucial component of the extracellular matrix (ECM), serves as an important regulator of tissue homeostasis and various pathophysiological processes. As a member of the evolutionarily conserved thrombospondin family, THBS4 is a multidomain adhesive glycoprotein characterized by six distinct structural domains that mediate its diverse biological functions. Through dynamic interactions with various ECM components, THBS4 plays pivotal roles in cell adhesion, proliferation, inflammation regulation, and tissue remodeling, establishing it as a key modulator of microenvironmental organization. The transcription and translation of THBS4 gene, as well as the activity of the THBS4 protein, are tightly regulated by multiple signaling pathways and extracellular cues. Positive regulators of THBS4 include transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), interferon-γ (IFNγ), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP12/13), and other regulatory factors (such as B4GALNT1, ITGA2/ITGB1, PDGFRβ, etc.), which upregulate THBS4 at the mRNA and/or protein level. Conversely, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OXLDL) acts as a potent negative regulator of THBS4. This intricate regulatory network ensures precise spatial and temporal control of THBS4 expression in response to diverse physiological and pathological stimuli. Functionally, THBS4 acts as a critical signaling hub, influencing multiple downstream pathways essential for cellular behavior and tissue homeostasis. The best-characterized pathways include: (1) the PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis, which THBS4 modulates through both direct and indirect interactions with integrins and growth factor receptors; (2) Wnt/β-catenin signaling, where THBS4 functions as either an activator or inhibitor depending on the cellular context; (3) the suppression of DBET/TRIM69, contributing to its diverse regulatory roles. These signaling connections position THBS4 as a master regulator of cellular responses to microenvironmental changes. Substantial evidence links aberrant THBS4 expression to a range of pathological conditions, including neoplastic diseases, cardiovascular disorders, fibrotic conditions, neurodegenerative diseases, musculoskeletal disorders, and atopic dermatitis. In cancer biology, THBS4 exhibits context-dependent roles, functioning either as a tumor suppressor or promoter depending on the tumor type and microenvironment. In the cardiovascular system, THBS4 contributes to both adaptive remodeling and maladaptive fibrotic responses. Its involvement in fibrotic diseases arises from its ability to regulate ECM deposition and turnover. The diagnostic and therapeutic potential of THBS4 is particularly promising in oncology and cardiovascular medicine. As a biomarker, THBS4 expression patterns correlate significantly with disease progression and patient outcomes. Therapeutically, targeting THBS4-mediated pathways offers novel opportunities for precision medicine approaches, including anti-fibrotic therapies, modulation of the tumor microenvironment, and enhancement of tissue repair. This comprehensive review systematically explores three key aspects of THBS4 research(1) the fundamental biological functions of THBS4 in ECM organization; (2) its mechanistic involvement in various disease pathologies; (3) its emerging potential as both a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target. By integrating recent insights from molecular studies, animal models, and clinical investigations, this review provides a framework for understanding the multifaceted roles of THBS4 in health and disease. The synthesis of current knowledge highlights critical research gaps and future directions for exploring THBS4-targeted interventions across multiple disease contexts. Given its unique position at the intersection of ECM biology and cellular signaling, THBS4 represents a promising frontier for the development of novel diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies in precision medicine.

Objective To track and evaluate the implementation and application of the occupational health standard Radiation shielding requirements for radiotherapy room—Part 4: Radiotherapy room of ²⁵²Cf neutron afterloading (GBZ/T 201.4-2015) by radiation health technical service agencies, medical institutions, health supervision agencies, and radiotherapy facility design units, and to provide a scientific basis for the further revision and implementation of this standard. Methods Following the Guideline for health standards tracking evaluation (WS/T 536-2017) and the project implementation plan, relevant practitioners were randomly selected for a questionnaire survey. The survey primarily focused on their awareness, standard training, application, and revision suggestions of GBZ/T 201.4-2015. The results were summarized and analyzed. Results A total of 168 evaluation questionnaires were collected from relevant practitioners in 28 provinces. Only 31.6% of the respondents reported being “well familiar” or “ familiar” with the standard, 27.4% of the respondents believed that the standard was widely used, and 45.2% of the respondents believed that the standard could meet the needs of their work. Only 14.9% of the respondents had received relevant training on the standard, more than half of the respondents had not applied the standard within the past 10 years, and 45.2% of the respondents believed that the standard "needs to be revised". Conclusion Due to the small number of californium-252 neutron afterloading radiotherapy devices in operation on the market, the overall awareness of the standard is low, suggesting that relevant authorities need to strengthen training and publicity of the standard, and that certain sections of the standard need to be revised or merged.

Education is a crucial element in the development of acupuncture as a discipline, providing essential talent support for its future advancement. A structured interview was conducted with renowned acupuncture expert Professor ZHAO Jiping, focusing on key topics such as the core of acupuncture education, the connotation and development of acupuncture textbooks, and acupuncture teaching models. Through in-depth discussion, the current problems in acupuncture education were analyzed, and possible solutions were explored, aiming to offer ideas for the innovative development of acupuncture education.
Acupuncture/trends* ; Humans ; Acupuncture Therapy ; China

The principle and composition of Philips Ingenia Series MRI scanners were introduced.Three common faults of Philips Ingenia Series MRI scanners were analyzed in terms of the phenomenon,cause and elimination measure.References were provided for clinical engineers to treat similar faults.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(6):116-120]

This study aims to clarify the incidence and prevention status of dairy cow mastitis in 79 large-scale pastures in China in 2022,reduce the incidence of dairy cow mastitis,and provide scien-tific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies for dairy cow mastitis in large-scale pastures suitable for China's national conditions.The research team relied on the large-scale ranch of the Comprehensive Experimental Station of National Dairy Industry Technology System to car-ry out research.A total of 79 questionnaires were received.The information on the stock of large-scale farms,the proportion of cows in the herd,the level of cow yields,the incidence and cure rate of cow mastitis,the prevention and control of cow mastitis,diagnosis and treatment programs of cow mastitis,the cost of treating cow mastitis,and the culling rate of farms was collected.Chi-square test and correlation analysis were carried out on the incidence of mastitis in dairy cows and the prevention and control plan,treatment plan,yield level and elimination rate of mastitis in dairy cows by descriptive statistical cross table.The incidence of cow mastitis in some pastures was con-trolled between 5％and 10％,and the cure rate was mostly as high as 98％.According to the co-hort analysis,the importance of prevention and control measures for dairy cow mastitis was as fol-lows:DMT＞DHI＞milk yield＞milk traits＞breast apparent change＞electrical conductivity＞CMT.The importance of treatment measures for dairy cow mastitis is as follows:DMT＞DHI＞milk yield＞milk traits＞breast apparent changes＞electrical conductivity＞CMT.The importance of treatment measures for mastitis is as follows:traditional Chinese medicine＞pathogen detection and drug sensitivity test＞non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs＞regular maintenance of milking equipment＞normal milking without treatment＞broad-spectrum antibiotics.The incidence of mas-titis in dairy cows is moderately positively correlated with the yield per unit area,that is,the in-crease in the incidence of mastitis in dairy cows has a certain impact on the yield per unit area of dairy cows.Economic analysis shows that the treatment cost of mastitis is closely related to the in-cidence rate,and the treatment cost of pasture with higher incidence rate is higher.Pastures with higher yields usually have more efficient means of disease prevention and control,and the corre-sponding treatment costs are lower.In conclusion,China's large-scale pastures should strengthen the scientific feeding management level,improve the prevention and control methods to reduce the incidence of cow mastitis,improve the cure rate,and reduce the cost of pasture treatment.

Objective To investigate the effects of cornuside on intestinal injury in rats with septic shock,and clarify its possible mechanism.Methods SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group,model group,low-,medium-,and high-dose comecarpine glycosides groups,and TREM1 inhibitor(LR12)group.HE staining was used to observe the pathological injury of small intestinal mucosa.The levels of D-lactic acid(D-LA)and diamine oxidase(DAO)in serum and secretory immunoglobulin(sIg A)in small intestine were detected by ELISA.Intestinal mucosal permeability was detected by fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran(FITC-D)tracer method.ELISA was used to detect the levels of interferon(IFN)-γ,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-10 and arginase(Arg)-1 in serum.The polarization of macrophages in small intestinal tissue was detected by flow cytometry.Western blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1(TREM1),CD86 and CD206 in small intestine.Results Compared with the normal control group,the model group had serious pathological injury of the small intestinal mucosa,and the serum levels of D-LA,DAO,FITC-D,IFN-γ,TNF-α,and IL-1β significantly increased(P<0.05),while the levels of sIg A,IL-10,and Arg-1 significantly decreased(P<0.05).The M1/M2 ratio of macrophages and the expression levels of TREM1 and CD86 proteins in the small intestine tissue significantly increased(P<0.05),while the expression level of CD206 protein significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the small intestinal mucosal injury of the rats in each dose cornuside group and LR12 group significantly improved,and the serum levels of D-LA,DAO,FITC-D,IFN-γ,TNF-α,and IL-1β significantly decreased(P<0.05),while the levels of sIg A,IL-10,and Arg-1 significantly increased(P<0.05).The M1/M2 ratio of macrophages and the expression levels of TREM1 and CD86 proteins in the small intestine tissue significantly decreased(P<0.05),while the expression level of CD206 protein significantly increased(P<0.05).Conclusion Cornuside can reduce intestinal injury in rats with septic shock,and the mechanism may be related to inhibiting TREM1-mediated M1 polarization of macrophages.