Objective: To evaluate the implementation process of a school-family collaborative "online+offline" tobacco control intervention program in junior high school in Beijing and to explore the execution status, influencing factors and sustainability potential of the intervention, so as to provide evidence for optimizing youth tobacco control strategies. Methods: In November 2024, using the random number table method, four first year junior high school classes were selected from three schools each in Fengtai District, Tongzhou District, and Fangshan District of Beijing. One class served as the control group, while the other three classes were designated as intervention groups (one each for online intervention, offline intervention, and combined online offline intervention). The control group received only conventional education.The online intervention group was engaged in WeChat push interventions, including watching micro videos, viewing promotional materials, participating in online quizzes and mini games; the offline intervention group attended knowledge lectures, played peer games, and participated in offline knowledge competitions; the combined online offline intervention group integrated all the aforementioned online and offline intervention measures. The intervention period was from November 2024 to June 2025, spanning a total of 7 months. Based on the Practical, Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model(PRISM) framework, a qualitative research design was employed to conduct semi structured interviews with 48 participants (12 in each of the intervention groups and 12 organizational staff members) from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 3 districts and 3 sampled schools. The interview outlines were designed according to the intervention plan. Data was managed using Nvivo 12.0 software and analyzed following Colaizzi s seven step phenomenological analysis method. Theoretical saturation was assessed using a reserved subset of transcripts. Results: Four core themes were identified in the tobacco control intervention process. Overall fidelity of intervention implementation was largely consistent with the original plan, and students showed strong willingness and positive evaluations toward interactive formats such as knowledge contests and peer games, though occasional breakdowns in school-family communication and blurred boundaries between online and offline components were observed; the participants showed a polarized response in terms of satisfaction and participation, most students and parents recognized the significance of the activity, and some parents observed a reduction in smoking behavior; the implementation of internal tobacco control policies in the school was strict, and the atmosphere was favorable, but there was still room for improvement, such as the scarcity of community tobacco control activities and the difficulty in implementing smoke free units; implementation and sustainability infrastructure were preliminarily established, such as through homeroom teacher supervision and training student assistants to assisted in activities, while the sustainability support system required further refinement. Conclusion The school-family collaborative "online+offline" tobacco control intervention has demonstrated significant positive effects, but further optimization of activity design, enhancement of community reward mechanisms, and standardized training are required to improve the efficacy and sustainability of the intervention.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of depressive symptoms and their associated factors among students in Zhejiang Province, so as to provide evidence for targeted prevention strategies. Methods: A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 23 829 college students and primary and secondary school students aged 11-22 years in Zhejiang Province from December 2019 to February 2020. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Three machine learning algorithms, including Logistic regression, random forest, and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), were applied to construct predictive models, and key associated factors were identified by comparing model performance. Results: The detection rate of depressive symptoms among students in Zhejiang Province was 19.92%; the rates were 17.20% in boys and 22.87% in girls( χ 2=164.89, P <0.05). The CES-D total score was 9.00(4.00,13.00). Multiple Logistic regression analysis revealed that loneliness had the strongest association with depressive symptoms ( AOR =9.58, 95% CI =8.90-10.30), while bullying exposure ( AOR =4.39, 95% CI =4.02-4.80), female students( AOR =1.81, 95% CI =1.68-1.94)，never eating breakfast ( AOR = 2.34，95% CI =2.00-2.67) and overweight/obesity( AOR =1.10，95% CI =1.08-1.12) were significant associated factors of depressive symptoms among students (all P <0.05). Analysis based on the XGBoost model produced highly consistent results, identifying the above 5 factors as the core features with the highest correlation strength (all P <0.05). Conclusions Female, loneliness, bullying exposure, frequency of weekly breakfast and BMI are strongly associated with depressive symptoms among students. Mental health education for high risk groups should be strengthened, and coordinated prevention efforts between families and schools are recommended.

Tuberculosis (TB), a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is primarily airborne and remains a global health problem, especially in resource-limited countries and regions. The emergence of drug resistance in M. tuberculosis has rendered the existing means ineffective in the treatment of TB. Therefore, research in new therapeutic directions has become imperative. In this review, we outline functional peptides in terms of the mechanisms of action, anti-TB attempts, advantages and disadvantages, and latest advances, aiming to analyze the research progress in anti-TB peptides. Furthermore, we investigate the potential applications of bioactive compounds found in traditional Chinese Medicine within the context of peptides.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a major cause of chronic liver diseases, especially in the Asia-Pacific region. In recent decades, coinfection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and coexistence with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) have emerged as significant clinical concerns among HBV-infected patients. Although global HBV vaccination programs and curative therapies for HCV have led to a marked decline in HBV/HCV coinfection, MASLD is rapidly becoming the predominant comorbidity due to the global surge in metabolic risk factors. HBV/HCV coinfection typically results in more severe liver damage, with unique challenges in antiviral treatment and risk of HBV reactivation post-HCV clearance. In contrast, HBV/MASLD overlap demonstrates complex metabolic-viral interactions that may influence viral replication, hepatitis B surface antigen seroclearance, fibrosis progression, and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. This review critically compares the epidemiology, clinical outcomes, and management strategies of HBV patients with concurrent HCV or MASLD, while addressing current research gaps and proposing directions for future investigations.

ObjectiveTo conduct an epidemiological investigation and analysis of a clustered scabies outbreak in a middle school, so as to provide evidence for developing targeted prevention and control strategies. MethodsCase data on a clustered scabies outbreak occurring in a middle school of Shaanxi Province in 2025 were collected. Field epidemiological approaches were adopted to define cases, search for infected individuals, and describe the temporal, spatial, and population distribution. Specimens were collected from individuals and surrounding environments for laboratory testing. ResultsA total of 25 scabies cases were identified in 4 classes and 9 dormitories of the school. All cases were first-year high school students. The overall attack rate was 6.00% (25/414); the attack rate was 10.53% (22/209) among male students and 1.46% (3/205) among female students. The disease course ranged from 10 to 30 days, with a median duration of 14 days, and 3 students (12.00%) continued attending classes with ongoing infection. Skin scrapings collected from lesion sites of 3 patients were examined under microscopy, all of which were positive for Sarcoptes scabiei; no laboratory testing was performed for the remaining cases. This clustered scabies infection outbreak lasted for one month. All affected students recovered completely without severe complications or deaths, and the outbreak was effectively contained. ConclusionThis scabies infection is a clustered school-based scabies outbreak caused by Sarcoptes scabiei. Affected patients present relatively severe symptoms and a prolonged disease course. Scientific and standardized preventive systems should be established to enable timely early warning and emergency response.

Objective:To investigate the protective effects of p53/glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) regulation on cardiomyocyte injury induced by high glucose combined with hypoxia/reoxygenation.Methods:Human myocardial AC16 cells were treated with 33 mmol/L glucose and a hypoxic chamber to establish an in vitro model of high glucose combined with hypoxia/reoxygenation. Based on the glucose concentration in the medium and hypoxia/reoxygenation conditions, AC16 cells were divided into control group, high glucose group, hypoxia/reoxygenation group and high glucose combined with hypoxia/reoxygenation group. On the basis of high glucose combined with hypoxia/reoxygenation group, cells were transfected with empty vector, p53 small interfering RNA (siRNA), and co-transfected with p53 and GLUT4 siRNA to establish negative control group, sip53 transfection group, and sip53+siGLUT4 transfection group, respectively. Western blotting was used to detect the levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), p53, GLUT4, dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), mitofusin 2 (Mfn2), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) and cysteine aspartic acid specific protease-3 (Caspase-3). The levels of reactive oxygen species were detected using the 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate fluorescent probe. Mitochondria were labeled with the Mito-Tracker Deep Red FM fluorescent probe to assess mitochondrial morphology and their related parameters. Mitochondrial membrance potential was meausred using the JC-1 detection kit. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content was determined using an ATP assay kit. Glucose uptake ability was evaluated by measuring the fluorescence intensity of 2-[ N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl) amino]-2-deoxy- D-glucose (2-NBDG) using a multifunctional microplate reader. Apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL assay. Results:The relative expression of HIF-1α protein in the high glucose combined with hypoxia/reoxygenation group was 1.189±0.185, higher than that in the control group (0.086±0.071) ( P<0.05). The relative expression of p53 protein in the high glucose combined with hypoxia/reoxygenation group was 1.248±0.194, higher than those in the control group (0.730±0.184), high glucose group (0.932±0.161) and hypoxia/reoxygenation group (1.109±0.151) (all P<0.05). The relative expression of GLUT4 protein in the high glucose combined with hypoxia/reoxygenation group was 0.407±0.140, lower than those in the control group (1.061±0.060) and hypoxia/reoxygenation group (0.781±0.092) (both P<0.05). The fluorescence intensity of reactive oxygen species in the high glucose combined with hypoxia/reoxygenation group was 38.31±1.66, higher than that in the control group (11.59±1.02) ( P<0.05). The number of mitochondria in the high glucose combined with hypoxia/reoxygenation group was (62.00±15.26), lower than those in the control group (136.20±23.55) and high glucose group (96.55±13.72) (both P<0.05). The average mitochondrial area in the high glucose combined with hypoxia/reoxygenation group was (7.02±1.38) μm 2, lower than those in the control group [(13.74±0.67) μm 2], high glucose group [(9.27±1.99) μm 2] and hypoxia/reoxygenation group [(9.64±2.36) μm 2] (all P<0.05). The average perimeter of mitochondria in the high glucose combined with hypoxia/reoxygenation group was (9.10±1.14) μm, lower than those in the control group [(13.35±0.69) μm] and the hypoxia/reoxygenation group [(10.83±1.58) μm] (all P<0.05). The number of mitochondrial branches was 53.73±9.49, lower than those in the control group (147.10±25.99), high glucose group (97.08±13.65) and hypoxia/reoxygenation group (104.80±24.92) (all P<0.05). The average branch length of mitochondria in the high glucose combined with hypoxia/reoxygenation group was (1.45±0.26) μm, lower than that in the control group [(2.29±0.52) μm] ( P<0.05). The red-green fluorescence intensity ratio in the high glucose combined with hypoxia/reoxygenation group was 0.580±0.133, lower than those in the control group (2.379±0.242), high glucose group (1.200±0.112) and hypoxia/reoxygenation group (0.883±0.076) (all P<0.05). The ATP content of the high glucose combined with hypoxia/ reoxygenation group was (0.025±0.003) μmol/10 5 cells, lower than those of the control group [(0.137±0.012) μmol/10 5 cells], high glucose group [(0.078±0.003) μmol/10 5 cells] and hypoxia/reoxygenation group [(0.073±0.010) μmol/10 5 cells] (all P<0.05). The fluorescence intensity of 2-NBDG in the high glucose combined with hypoxia/reoxygenation group was 257 315±7 951, lower than those in the control group (339 597±10 165), high glucose group (317 293±8 876) and hypoxia/reoxygenation group (314 611±12 228) (all P<0.05). The relative expression of Drp1 protein in high glucose combined with hypoxia/reoxygenation group was 1.203±0.090, higher than those in the control group (0.705±0.170), high glucose group (0.910±0.106) and hypoxia/reoxygenation group (1.002±0.112) (all P<0.05). The relative expression of Mfn2 protein in the high glucose combined with hypoxia/reoxygenation group was 0.706±0.285, lower than those in the control group (1.988±0.139), high glucose group (1.305±0.076) and hypoxia/reoxygenation group (1.131±0.236) (all P<0.05). The relative expression levels of Bax/Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 proteins in the high glucose combined with hypoxia/reoxygenation group were 2.318±0.216 and 1.076±0.076, respectively, higher than those in the control group (0.281±0.046 and 0.442±0.084), high glucose group (0.673±0.043 and 0.662±0.159) and hypoxia/reoxygenation group (0.807±0.293 and 0.835±0.058), respectively (all P<0.05). The TUNEL fluorescence intensity of the high glucose combined with hypoxia/reoxygenation group was 70.55±7.22, higher than those of the control group (14.10±5.93), high glucose group (36.59±2.56) and hypoxia/reoxygenation group (39.04±6.016) (all P<0.05). The relative expression levels of p53 protein in the sip53 transfection group and sip53+siGLUT4 transfection group were 0.322±0.147 and 0.391±0.149, respectively, lower than that in the high glucose combined with negative control group (1.002±0.035) (both P<0.05). The relative expression of GLUT4 protein in the sip53 transfection group was 1.871±0.123, higher than that in the negative control group (1.281±0.232) ( P<0.05). The relative expression of GLUT4 protein in the sip53+siGLUT4 transfection group (0.951±0.193) was lower than that in the sip53 transfection group ( P<0.05). The fluorescence intensity of reactive oxygen species in the sip53 transfection group (27.73±0.74) was lower than that in the negative control group (38.83±0.83) ( P<0.05). The fluorescence intensity of reactive oxygen species in the sip53+siGLUT4 transfection group (43.12±5.08) was higher than that in the sip53 transfection group ( P<0.05). The number of mitochondria, the average area of mitochondria, the average perimeter of mitochondria, the number of mitochondrial branches and the average branch length of mitochondria in the sip53 transfection group were (92.27±10.10), (9.25±0.42) μm 2, (10.86±0.58) μm, (83.27±13.57), and (1.81±0.21) μm, respectively. They were higher than (52.36±16.87), (7.44±1.49) μm 2, (9.22±1.11) μm, (52.36±16.87), and (1.22±0.26) μm in the negative control group (all P<0.05). The number of mitochondria, the average area of mitochondria, the average perimeter of mitochondria, the number of mitochondrial branches and the average branch length of mitochondria in the sip53+siGLUT4 transfection group were (53.73±9.49), (6.89±0.61) μm 2, (8.88±0.47) μm, (53.73±9.49), and (1.22±0.17) μm, respectively, lower than those in the sip53 transfection group (all P<0.05). The red-green fluorescence intensity ratio, ATP content, 2-NBDG fluorescence intensity and relative expression of Mfn2 protein in the sip53 transfection group were 1.27±0.23, (0.048±0.021) μmol/10 5 cells, 275 923±10 447 and 2.608±0.581, respectively, higher than those in the negative control group [0.53±0.21, (0.020±0.007) μmol/10 5 cells, 254 875±8 078, and 0.687±0.146, respectively] (all P<0.05). The red-green fluorescence intensity ratio, ATP content, 2-NBDG fluorescence intensity and relative expression of Mfn2 protein in the sip53+siGLUT4 transfection group were 0.40±0.08, (0.011±0.012) μmol/10 5 cells, 199 511±6 855, and 0.649±0.070, respectively, lower than those in the sip53 transfection group (all P<0.05). The relative expression levels of Drp1, Bax/Bcl-2, Caspase-3 proteins and TUNEL fluorescence intensity in the sip53 transfection group were 0.759±0.063, 0.446±0.161, 1.048±0.300, and 48.93±1.48 respectively, lower than those (1.065±0.149, 1.197±0.133, 1.847±0.201, and 67.61±9.99) in the negative control group (all P<0.05). The relative expression levels of Drp1, Bax/Bcl-2, Caspase-3 proteins and TUNEL fluorescence intensity in the sip53+siGLUT4 transfection group were 0.958±0.166, 2.660±0.135, 1.587±0.220, and 63.39±12.84, respectively, higher than those in the sip53 transfection group (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Under the condition of high glucose combined with hypoxia/reoxygenation, p53 induces cardiomyocyte injury by down-regulating GLUT4. Inhibition of p53 can increase the expression of GLUT4, thereby reducing cardiomyocyte injury induced by high glucose combined with hypoxia/reoxygenation.

Objective To investigate the effects of miR-338-3p on interleukin(IL)-13-induced human bronchial epithelial cell line(BEAS-2B)injury and airway inflammation in mice with ovalbumin(OVA)-induced asthma.Methods OVA was used to replicate an asthma model of mice,which were divided into control group,model group,miR-NC agomir and miR-338-3p agomir intervention groups.HE staining microscopy was employed to ob-serve the pathological morphology of lung tissue,while TUNEL staining was used to assess cell apoptosis in lung tis-sue.ELISA was conducted to measure the levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α in lung tissue.The BEAS-2B cells were subjected to IL-13-induced injury and divided into control group,IL-13 group,IL-13+miR-NC group,and IL-13+miR-338-3p mimic group.Cell viability was assessed with MTT assay.Flow cytometry was employed to evaluate cell apoptosis.The level of IL-1β and TNF-α in cells was measured by ELISA.The targeting relationship between miR-338-3p and Ras homologous(Rho)was investigated using bioinfor-matics analysis,luciferase assay,Western blot,and functional repair assay.Results Compared to the model group,the miR-338-3p agamid intervention group exhibited a significant reduction in inflammatory cell infiltration and airway wall thickening in lung tissue,as well as decreased cell apoptosis and the level of IL-1β and TNF-α in lung tissue(P＜0.05).Compared to the control group,cell viability of BEAS-2B cells in the IL-13+miR-338-3p mimic group exhibited a significant increase(P＜0.05),while apoptosis and level of IL-1β and TNF-α within the cells demonstrated a notable decrease(P＜0.05).Rho was a target gene of miR-338-3p,and over-expression of Rho attenuated the effect of miR-338-3p mimic on IL-13-induced injury and inflammation in BEAS-2B cells.Conclusions Up-regulation of miR-338-3p can inhibit asthma-related airway inflammation and injury of lung epi-thelial cells with a potential mechanism targeting at Rho gene.

Objective:To investigate the detection status of serological markers for hepatitis B virus (HBV) among Tibetan college students and their relationship with HBV- deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) load.Methods:A cross-sectional study was carried out to retrospectively analyze data from 1 514 Tibetan college students who visited the Affiliated Hospital of Xizang Minzu University for consultations or health examinations between June 1, 2021 and June 1, 2022. The prevalence of HBV infection among these students was analyzed, the primary epidemiological patterns of HBV markers were identified, and their relationship with HBV-DNA load was determined.Results:The positive rate of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) among the 1 514 Tibetan college students was 6.7% (101/1 514), while the positive rate for Hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) was 42.2% (639/1 514). The primary serological pattern of HBV infection consisted of positive results for HBsAg, HBeAg, and HBcAb, which accounted for 48.5% of cases. This pattern showed significantly higher rates of HBV-DNA positivity and elevated viral load compared with other serological patterns ( χ2 = 8.70, P < 0.05). Conclusions:The HBV infection rate among Tibetan college students is 6.7%. The primary infection pattern is characterized by positive tests for HBsAg, HBeAg, and HBcAb, with an HBV-DNA positivity rate as high as 87.0% and elevated viral loads.

Objective:To summarize the technical difficulties, key points and cosmetic effects of Ti-loop patch application in breast shaping of immediate reconstruction with omental flap transplantation after mastectomy.Methods:The clinical data of 90 cases with breast cancer who underwent immediate breast reconstruction by using laparoscopically harvested omental flap alone or combined with prosthesis after nipple and areola complex sparing mastectomy from May. 2020 to Jan. 2023 in Hunan Cancer Hospital was retrospectively analyzed. All patients were female between 16 and 55 years old with the average age of 42. Their courses of the disease range from 5 to 26 months with the mean of 15.5 months. These patients received mastectomy with conservation of nipple and areola, and then the greater omentum with right pedicle were harvested laparoscopically. Ti-loop patch was used to hang and fix the greater omentum as a support. 27 patients accepted immediate breast reconstruction with pedicled greater omentum alone, while 63 subjects with greater omentum and gel prosthesis. Among them, contralateral breast contraction and lift was operated on 9 cases.Results:All the pedicled greater omentum successfully survived, and wound surfaces of donor and recipient sites healed at stage I. Axillary lymph node dissection and postoperative radiotherapy were performed on 14 patients with positive pathological examination of sentinel lymph nodes. Breasts of two patients were found to be smaller after postoperative radiotherapy. All 90 subjects were followed up for 5 to 32 months, and the average follow-up period was 16.4 months. The reconstructed breasts were good in shape and tactile sensation. Only punctate scars were observed in donor sites of abdomen. All patients recovered with no upper limb lymphedema, no short and long term complications in abdomen, and only one patient had papillary recurrence without distant metastasis.Conclusions:The omental flap is hard to be sutured and shaped in the reconstructed breast, while easily to be avulsed and form hematoma. The application of Ti-loop patch, which could semi-surround and wrap the greater omentum, and suspend and fix it on the chest wall in upper pole of the breast as a support, can significantly improve the reconstruction effect.

AIM To investigate the effects of Modified Baitouweng Decoction and Lizhong Decoction on mouse ulcerative colitis(UC).METHODS The mouse model of UC was established by 3％dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)induction.The C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the blank group,the model group,the low,medium and high dose Modified Baitouweng Decoction and Lizhong Decoction groups(3,6,12 g/kg),and sulfasalazine group(300 mg/kg),for 7 days gavage of the appropriate drugs,with 10 mice in each group.The mice had their disease activity index(DAI)and colonic mucosal damage index(CMDI)calculated;their colonic length and unit colonic weight measured;their histopathologic changes of colon observed by HE;their colonic ROS,MDA levels and GSH-Px,SOD activities detected by superoxide anion fluorescent probes and kits;their colonic levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1β detected by ELISA;their colonic LC3 expression detected by immunofluorescence method;and their colonic AMPK,mTOR and p70S6K protein expressions detected by Western blot method.RESULTS Compared with the blank group,the model group displayed significantly higher DAI score,CMDI score,unit colon weight,pathology score,ROS and MDA content,TNF-α,IL-6,and IL-1β levels,and mTOR and p70S6K protein expression(P＜0.01);and significantly lower colon length,GSH-Px and SOD activity,LC3 level,and phosphorylated AMPK protein expression(P＜0.01).Compared with the model group,the groups intervened with Modified Baitouweng Decoction and Lizhong Decoction or sulfasalazine shared decreased DAI score,CMDI score,unit colon mass,pathology score,ROS,MDA,TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β levels,mTOR,p70S6K protein expressions(P＜0.01);and significantly improved symptomsin terms of the elevated colonic length,GSH-Px,SOD activities,LC3 level,AMPK protein expression(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION Modified Baitouweng Decoction and Lizhong Decoction may attenuate inflammatory response and oxidative damage in UC mouse models via AMPK/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway.