Tuberculosis (TB), a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is primarily airborne and remains a global health problem, especially in resource-limited countries and regions. The emergence of drug resistance in M. tuberculosis has rendered the existing means ineffective in the treatment of TB. Therefore, research in new therapeutic directions has become imperative. In this review, we outline functional peptides in terms of the mechanisms of action, anti-TB attempts, advantages and disadvantages, and latest advances, aiming to analyze the research progress in anti-TB peptides. Furthermore, we investigate the potential applications of bioactive compounds found in traditional Chinese Medicine within the context of peptides.

Objective To analyze the application of in-use laparoscopes in clincal departments to enhance the laparoscope's effectiveness.Methods The effective utilization data of 29 laparoscopes from January 2024 to June 2024 were acquired with an hospital intelligent medical device management platform.Comparisons were carried out in terms of average daily workload,average daily hours of use and average daily efficiency between the laparoscopes from different departments and brands with non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test and between the conventional and 3D laparoscopes with non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test.Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between the number of years of laparoscope use and the average daily workload,the average daily hours of use,and the average daily efficiency and the chi-square test was applied to investigating the relationship between the surgery grade and the type of equipment selected.Results Thoracic sugery department had the highest average daily workload(3.82 person-time),while the general medical department had the highest average daily hours of use(443.76 min)and the highest daily efficiency(92.45％).There were significant differences between the laparoscopes from different departments in average daily workload,average daily hours of use and average daily efficiency(P＜0.05).Brand D laparoscope behaved the best among brands of laparoscopes with the highest average daily workload(3.72 person-time),average daily hours of use(394.41 min)and average daily efficiency(82.17％).There were sig-nificant differences between the brands of laparoscopesin average daily workload,average daily hours of use and average daily efficiency(P＜0.05).3D laparoscopes obviously gained advantages over the conventional ones in average daily workload,average daily hours of use and average daily efficiency(P＜0.05).The number of years of use correlated negatively with average daily workload,average daily hours of use and average daily efficiency,with Pearson correlation coefficients being-0.095,-0.039 and-0.039 respectively.Grade Three and Four surgeries had significant differences in types of selected equipment(P＜0.001),and 3D laparoscopes were preferred for Grade Four surgery.Conclusion Utilization analysis of laparoscopes provides data support for optimized application and setup of laparoscopes.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(2):87-91]

Breast cancer remains a substantial threat to women's health and is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors in women.Because breast cancer onset is closely associated with female physiological characteristics,this article proposes that breast cancer be classified as a"women's miscellaneous diseases"and that its treatment be explored from this perspective.Drawing from Chapter 8 on Golden Chamber of Prescriptions for Miscellaneous Diseases in Women of Synopsis of Golden Chamber,the initial pathogenesis of breast cancer is associated with"emotional stress,improper lifestyle,deficiency,cold,and stagnation."The fundamental mechanism behind its formation is"blood cold accumulation and hardened masses."Specifically,emotional imbalance and improper lifestyle habits contribute to the combined invasion of the uterus by"deficiency,""accumulated cold,"and"stagnant qi."Over time,"cold-blood stasis accumulates at the uterine ostium,"and the cold and the stasis ascends from the uterus along the thoroughfare and conception vessels,obstructing the breast collaterals.This combination of yang qi stagnation and yin cold congealment,ultimately leads to the development of breast cancer.The treatment principle should focus on"activating yang and dispersing cold."A therapeutic approach centered on Wenjing Decoction combined with Xiaoyao Powder can be adapted based on the stage and type of breast cancer while also considering the dynamic interplay between pathogenic factors and healthy qi,along with shifts in deficiency and excess patterns of disease.By adhering to the principles of consistency and flexibility and integrating disease and syndrome differentiation,the goal is to develop precise and personalized treatment strategies to improve clinical outcomes.

Disorders of mitochondrial dynamics are closely re-lated to the development of neurodegenerative diseases(NDDs),which are characterized by the loss of neurons in brain and spinal cord cells.Diseases such as Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,Huntington's disease,and so on are in-volved in NDDs,which are often accompanied by disorders of mi-tochondrial dynamics during the development of these diseases.Recently,the researches on mitochondrial dynamics to study the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and related medica-tion innovation have garnered significant attention.This review focuses on the fundamental molecular processes of mitochondrial dynamics,such as mitochondrial transport,mitochondrial autoph-agy,and mitochondrial fission-fusion,and their molecular mecha-nisms in the pathogenesis of NDDs.It also outlines the recent research progress on Chinese materia medica and natural prod-ucts in ameliorating NDDs by modulating mitochondrial dynam-ics.The aim is to establish a foundation for researching innova-tive traditional Chinese medicine for NDDs-related diseases by focusing on mitochondrial dynamics.

Objective·To analyze the molecular epidemiological characteristics of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from children,including the distribution of serotypes,resistance genes,and virulence genes,to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment strategies of Klebsiella pneumoniae infections in children.Methods·A total of 133 non-duplicate strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae clinically isolated from Shanghai Children's Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,from April 2023 to April 2024,were collected.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by using the Vitek-2 Compact system.Capsular polysaccharide K antigen serotypes(K types)were determined by wzy-dependent initiator(wzi)gene sequencing.Resistance genes were detected by the colloidal gold method.Virulence genes and lipopolysaccharide O antigen serotypes(O types)were identified by PCR method.Results·Among the 133 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae,a total of 50 strains of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(CRKP)were detected,mainly distributed in the neonatal ward and intensive care unit(ICU).CRKP exhibited high resistance to most antimicrobial agents,and the main type of carbapenemase gene was blaNDM(34/50,68.00%),followed by co-carriage of blaNDM+blaOXA-48(10/50,20.00%)and blaKPC(6/50,12.00%).Serotype analysis revealed that the 50 CRKP strains could be divided into 8 K types and 6 O types.The most common K type was KL17(30/50,60.00%),followed by KL105(10/50,20.00%)and KL47(5/50,10.00%).The most common O type was O4(30/50,60.00%),followed by O3b(7/50,14.00%,),O3/O3a(6/50,12.00%),and OL101(5/50,10.00%).Significant correlations were identified between KL47 and OL101 serotypes(KL47:OL101),between KL17 and O4 serotypes(KL17:O4),and between KL1/KL2 and O1 serotypes(KL1/KL2:O1).Conclusion·The CRKP strains infecting children primarily carry blaNDM-type carbapenemase genes,showing a significant difference compared to CRKP-infected adults.The detection rate of CRKP in the neonatal ward is significantly higher than those in other departments,suggesting that infection prevention and control measures in this ward need to be strengthened.

Objective To summarize the clinical and genetic characteristics of children with sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide(NTCP)deficiency.Methods Clinical data of children with NTCP deficiency diagnosed and treated at the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province from July 2022 to March 2025 were retrospectively analyzed.Results A total of 14 children were included(6 males,8 females),all with normal growth and development.Reasons for initial consultation included elevated serum bile acids in 7 cases,jaundice in 4 cases,cholestatic hepatitis in 1 case,and one case each of pneumonia and cow's milk protein allergy.At the first visit,all patients had elevated serum total bile acids beyond the normal range,with a mean of 152.5 μmol/L.Elevated alanine aminotransferase was observed in 1 case,elevated aspartate aminotransferase in 2 cases,and elevated total bilirubin in 10 cases.Genetic sequencing revealed that all children carried the homozygous SLC10A1 variant c.800C>T(p.Ser267Phe),classified as likely pathogenic.Conclusions NTCP deficiency often lacks obvious clinical symptoms and signs.Some children present with transient hyperbilirubinemia,cholestasis,or other liver function abnormalities.Persistent isolated elevation of serum bile acids warrants suspicion for this disease.Biallelic pathogenic variants in SLC10A1 constitute the basis for definitive diagnosis.There is no specific treatment for this disease,and management is mainly symptomatic.

Objective:Acute kidney injury(AKI) is a common complication after cardiac surgery, and associated with increased risk of development of chronic kidney disease and mortality in the long term. Neutrophil percentage-to-albumin ratio(NPAR) is a new inflammatory marker that has been used to predict the poor prognosis of patients with cardiovascular disease or shock. However, the relationship between NPAR and AKI in patients with cardiac surgery has not been established. The aim was to evaluate the relationship between NPAR and AKI after cardiac surgery.Methods:Data of all adult patients underwent cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2018 were extracted from electronic medical record system of the Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and retrospectively analyzed. The outcome of interest was AKI diagnosed by using the criteria of Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between NPAR and postoperative AKI while adjust for potential confounders. In addition, restricted cubic spline(RCS) was utilized to provide a flexible description of the association of the preoperative NPAR and AKI. Results:Totally, 24 178 patients were analyzed. The incidence of AKI was 30.1%. Compared with patients without AKI, those with AKI were older and had higher rates of males, left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) less than or equal to 0.60, estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 90 ml·min -1·1.73 m -2, hypertension, diabetes, emergency surgery, preoperative critical illness, and reoperation. The baseline serum creatinine, serum uric acid, cardiopulmonary bypass time and postoperative mechanical ventilation time were higher or longer in AKI patients than those in none AKI patients. Then, patients were divided into four groups based on NPAR quartiles. After adjusting for confounding factors using logisitc regression, compared with patients with NPAR in group 3(1.551.97), respectively. The RCS showed a U-shaped nonlinear relationship( P for nonlinear less than 0.001) between NPAR and AKI after adjusting for potential confounding factors. RCS indicated the NPAR of 1.77 was the lowest risk for AKI. When NPAR less than 1.77, per 1-standard deviation(SD) increase in NPAR, the risk of AKI decreased by 23.2%( OR=0.768, 95% CI: 0.687, 0.859). Conversely, when NPAR above 1.77, per one SD increase in NPAR, the risk of AKI increased by 25.9%( OR=1.259, 95% CI: 1.166, 1.36). Conclusion:A U-shaped relationship between NPAR and AKI after cardiac surgery was shown. The appropriate value for NPAR might be 1.77. The risk of AKI might be increased, when less or above this value. NPAR might be used as an effective and economical tool to identify AKI risk among individuals with cardiac surgery, as well as to formulate individualized prevention and intervention strategy.

Objective·To analyze the molecular epidemiological characteristics of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from children,including the distribution of serotypes,resistance genes,and virulence genes,to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment strategies of Klebsiella pneumoniae infections in children.Methods·A total of 133 non-duplicate strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae clinically isolated from Shanghai Children's Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,from April 2023 to April 2024,were collected.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by using the Vitek-2 Compact system.Capsular polysaccharide K antigen serotypes(K types)were determined by wzy-dependent initiator(wzi)gene sequencing.Resistance genes were detected by the colloidal gold method.Virulence genes and lipopolysaccharide O antigen serotypes(O types)were identified by PCR method.Results·Among the 133 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae,a total of 50 strains of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(CRKP)were detected,mainly distributed in the neonatal ward and intensive care unit(ICU).CRKP exhibited high resistance to most antimicrobial agents,and the main type of carbapenemase gene was blaNDM(34/50,68.00%),followed by co-carriage of blaNDM+blaOXA-48(10/50,20.00%)and blaKPC(6/50,12.00%).Serotype analysis revealed that the 50 CRKP strains could be divided into 8 K types and 6 O types.The most common K type was KL17(30/50,60.00%),followed by KL105(10/50,20.00%)and KL47(5/50,10.00%).The most common O type was O4(30/50,60.00%),followed by O3b(7/50,14.00%,),O3/O3a(6/50,12.00%),and OL101(5/50,10.00%).Significant correlations were identified between KL47 and OL101 serotypes(KL47:OL101),between KL17 and O4 serotypes(KL17:O4),and between KL1/KL2 and O1 serotypes(KL1/KL2:O1).Conclusion·The CRKP strains infecting children primarily carry blaNDM-type carbapenemase genes,showing a significant difference compared to CRKP-infected adults.The detection rate of CRKP in the neonatal ward is significantly higher than those in other departments,suggesting that infection prevention and control measures in this ward need to be strengthened.

Objective To summarize the clinical and genetic characteristics of children with sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide(NTCP)deficiency.Methods Clinical data of children with NTCP deficiency diagnosed and treated at the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province from July 2022 to March 2025 were retrospectively analyzed.Results A total of 14 children were included(6 males,8 females),all with normal growth and development.Reasons for initial consultation included elevated serum bile acids in 7 cases,jaundice in 4 cases,cholestatic hepatitis in 1 case,and one case each of pneumonia and cow's milk protein allergy.At the first visit,all patients had elevated serum total bile acids beyond the normal range,with a mean of 152.5 μmol/L.Elevated alanine aminotransferase was observed in 1 case,elevated aspartate aminotransferase in 2 cases,and elevated total bilirubin in 10 cases.Genetic sequencing revealed that all children carried the homozygous SLC10A1 variant c.800C>T(p.Ser267Phe),classified as likely pathogenic.Conclusions NTCP deficiency often lacks obvious clinical symptoms and signs.Some children present with transient hyperbilirubinemia,cholestasis,or other liver function abnormalities.Persistent isolated elevation of serum bile acids warrants suspicion for this disease.Biallelic pathogenic variants in SLC10A1 constitute the basis for definitive diagnosis.There is no specific treatment for this disease,and management is mainly symptomatic.

Objective To analyze the application of in-use laparoscopes in clincal departments to enhance the laparoscope's effectiveness.Methods The effective utilization data of 29 laparoscopes from January 2024 to June 2024 were acquired with an hospital intelligent medical device management platform.Comparisons were carried out in terms of average daily workload,average daily hours of use and average daily efficiency between the laparoscopes from different departments and brands with non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test and between the conventional and 3D laparoscopes with non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test.Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between the number of years of laparoscope use and the average daily workload,the average daily hours of use,and the average daily efficiency and the chi-square test was applied to investigating the relationship between the surgery grade and the type of equipment selected.Results Thoracic sugery department had the highest average daily workload(3.82 person-time),while the general medical department had the highest average daily hours of use(443.76 min)and the highest daily efficiency(92.45％).There were significant differences between the laparoscopes from different departments in average daily workload,average daily hours of use and average daily efficiency(P＜0.05).Brand D laparoscope behaved the best among brands of laparoscopes with the highest average daily workload(3.72 person-time),average daily hours of use(394.41 min)and average daily efficiency(82.17％).There were sig-nificant differences between the brands of laparoscopesin average daily workload,average daily hours of use and average daily efficiency(P＜0.05).3D laparoscopes obviously gained advantages over the conventional ones in average daily workload,average daily hours of use and average daily efficiency(P＜0.05).The number of years of use correlated negatively with average daily workload,average daily hours of use and average daily efficiency,with Pearson correlation coefficients being-0.095,-0.039 and-0.039 respectively.Grade Three and Four surgeries had significant differences in types of selected equipment(P＜0.001),and 3D laparoscopes were preferred for Grade Four surgery.Conclusion Utilization analysis of laparoscopes provides data support for optimized application and setup of laparoscopes.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(2):87-91]