Objective To explore the feasibility and reference value of allogeneic lung transplantation and postoperative monitoring in miniature pigs for lung transplantation research. Methods Two miniature pigs (R1 and R2) underwent left lung allogeneic transplantation. Complement-dependent cytotoxicity tests and blood cross-matching were performed before surgery. The main operative times and partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO₂) after opening the pulmonary artery were recorded during surgery. Postoperatively, routine blood tests, biochemical blood indicators and inflammatory factors were detected, and pathological examinations of multiple organs were conducted. Results The complement-dependent cytotoxicity test showed that the survival rate of lymphocytes between donors and recipients was 42.5%-47.3%, and no agglutination reaction occurred in the cross-matching. The first warm ischemia times of D1 and D2 were 17 min and 10 min, respectively, and the cold ischemia times were 246 min and 216 min, respectively. Ultimately, R1 and R2 survived for 1.5 h and 104 h, respectively. Postoperatively, in R1, albumin (ALB) and globulin (GLB) decreased, and alanine aminotransferase increased; in R2, ALB, GLB and aspartate aminotransferase all increased. Urea nitrogen and serum creatinine increased in both recipients. Pathological results showed that in R1, the transplanted lung had partial consolidation with inflammatory cell infiltration, and multiple organs were congested and damaged. In R2, the transplanted lung had severe necrosis with fibrosis, and multiple organs had mild to moderate damage. The expression levels of interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 increased in the transplanted lungs. Conclusions The allogeneic lung transplantation model in miniature pigs may systematically evaluate immunological compatibility, intraoperative function and postoperative organ damage. The data obtained may provide technical references for subsequent lung transplantation research.

Objective To establish a method for acquisition, perfusion, preservation and transportation of the genetically modified pig kidneys. Methods An eight genetically modified pig was utilized as experimental subject. Prior to kidneys procurement, the health status of the pig was assessed through hematology examination, and the vascular structure of the kidneys was examined using imaging techniques. Following kidneys acquisition, the pig kidneys were perfused and subsequently packaged into the cryogenic storage container labeled "For Organ Transportation Only" for interprovincial transport after communicating the transportation process with transportation department. To evaluate pathological damage to the pig kidneys, a serious of methods were employed such as hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) fluorescence staining and enzyme-linked immune absorbent assay (ELISA). Results The preoperative examination of the eight genetically modified pig showed that the serum creatinine was 73.2 μmol/L, blood urea nitrogen was 2.8 mmol/L and hemoglobin was 116 g/L, all within the normal range, indicating normal renal function. CT angiography revealed no lesions in the pig kidneys, and no dilation, stenosis or premature branching of the blood vessels. The total time of obtaining the left and right kidneys from the eight genetically modified pig was (125 ± 10) min, with a blood loss of (20 ± 2) mL. The warm ischemia times were 3 min and 7 min, respectively. The perfusion and trimming times of the left and right kidneys were 36 min and 41 min, respectively. After perfusion, both kidneys were white and moist. The cold preservation and transportation time was 8 h. HE staining showed that some glomeruli were shrunk, and the lumens of the surrounding renal tubules were slightly depressed and swollen with partial inner membrane shedding and microvacuoles formed when the kidneys were preserved for 8 h. The level of cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-3 messenger RNA in the kidneys tissue gradually increased with the extension of cold preservation time after 2 h (P<0.05). TUNEL fluorescence staining showed that only a small number of cells underwent apoptosis after 8 h of cold preservation, which was not significantly different from that at 0 h (P>0.05). ELISA results showed that the contents of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatinine in the preservation solution remained relatively stable, but the content of kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) gradually increased with the extension of preservation time, suggesting that the pig kidneys had mild injury. Conclusions By establishing methods for acquisition, perfusion, preservation and transportation of the kidneys from genetically modified donor pig, it is possible to effectively and reliably use genetically modified pig kidneys for xenotransplantation.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of acupuncture combined with low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the treatment of heart and liver fire hyperactivity syndrome in children with tic disorder; To explore its effects on the levels of serum neurotransmitters in children.Methods:A randomized controlled trial study was conducted. A total of 86 children with heart and liver fire hyperactivity syndrome of tic disorder in our hospital from March 2022 to March 2024 were selected as the observation objects and divided into 2 groups using the random number table method, with 43 cases in each group. The control group was treated with rTMS, while the observation group was treated with combined acupuncture on the basis of the control group. Both groups were treated continuously for 8 weeks. The TCM syndrome scores were conducted before and after the treatment respectively. The Yale Comprehensive Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) was used to evaluate the severity of clinical symptoms, and the levels of serum γ -aminobutyric acid (γ-GABA), dopamine (DA), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) were detected by ELISA. The adverse reactions during the treatment period were recorded and the clinical efficacy was evaluated.Results:The total effective rate was 90.70% (39/43) in the observation group and 72.09% (31/43) in the control group, with statistical significance ( χ2=4.91, P=0.027). After treatment, the scores of convulsion and peristalsis, flushed face and ears, irritability and anger, and red tongue with yellow coating in the observation group were lower than those in the control group ( t values were 3.80, 2.94, 3.26, and 4.22 respectively, P<0.01), and the scores of vocal tics, motor tics and the total score were lower than those in the control group (t values were 7.97, 5.23, and 6.44 respectively, P<0.01). After treatment, the level of γ-GABA in the observation group [(9.72±2.04) μg/L vs. (8.13±1.87) μg/L, t=3.77] was higher than that of the control group ( P<0.01), and DA [(8.98±1.94) μg/L vs. (12.10±2.27) μg/L, t=6.85], levels of 5-HT [(15.20±3.87) μg/L vs. (19.93±3.97) μg/L, t=5.59] were lower than those in the control group ( P<0.01). During the treatment period, the incidence of adverse reactions was 11.63% (5/43) in the observation group and 9.30% (4/43) in the control group, without statistical significance ( χ2=0.12, P=0.725). Conclusion:Acupuncture combined with rTMS can alleviate the tic symptoms of children of tic disorder with heart and liver fire hyperactivity syndrome, improve the neurotransmitter levels and main TCM syndromes of the children, enhance the clinical efficacy and have good treatment safety.

Liver cancer is a prevalent and highly malignant cancer worldwide,with 90％of cases being hepatocellular carcinoma,presenting a significant risk to human health.As early-stage liver cancer often lacks specific manifestations,most patients with liver cancer are already in the middle and late stage of the disease when liver cancer is diagnosed,thus,missing the opportunity for optimal radical treatment.However,the exploration of the treatment for middle and advanced primary hepatocellular carcinoma has never ceased.In recent years,transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)has been included in the standard treatment regimens for primary hepatocellular carcinoma.With the advancement of multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment,various treatment options to reduce the burden of liver cancer lesion with satisfactory therapeutic results have been reported and have been widely used in clinical practice,e.g.hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy(HAIC),targeted therapy,and immunotherapy in combination with TACE,which have significantly improved the overall survival of patients with liver cancer.This paper aims to make a comprehensive review about the latest progress of combination use of TACE and other therapies in reducing tumor burden and improving patient survival in the treatment of primary hepatocellular carcinoma,and to summarize the key issues in combination therapy that require more in-depth research.(J Intervent Radiol,2024,33:688-692)

Objective:To explore the expression level and clinical significance of serum Hsa_circ_0089761 in patients with cervical cancer.Methods:A total of 107 cervical cancer patients, 80 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) patients, and 60 normal control group were selected and analyzed from January 2021 to March 2023 at the Ninth Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. We compared the levels of serum Hsa_circ_0089761, squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) among different groups, and analyzed the relationship between the expression level of serum Hsa_circ_0089761 and the clinical and pathological characteristics of cervical cancer. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to analyze the diagnostic value of serum Hsa_circ_0089761, SCCA, and CEA levels for cervical cancer. Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between serum Hsa_circ_0089761 expression levels and SCCA and CEA in cervical cancer patients.Results:The expression levels of serum Hsa_circ_0089761[(2.96±0.95) vs (1.83±0.74), (0.92±0.41)], SCCA[(9.63±1.84)ng/ml vs (2.28±0.65)ng/ml, (1.30±0.27)ng/ml], and CEA[(6.47±2.20)ng/ml vs (1.61±0.57)ng/ml, (1.15±0.12)ng/ml] in the cervical cancer group were significantly higher than those in the CIN group and the control group (all P<0.001), and the serum Hsa_circ_0089761 expression levels in the CIN group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P<0.001). Cervical cancer patients in stages Ⅲ-Ⅳ, with low differentiation, lymph node metastasis, infiltration depth ≥1/2 of the muscle layer, positive SCCA, and positive CEA had significantly higher levels of serum Hsa_circ_0089761 expression (all P<0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that the specificity of diagnosing cervical cancer was highest (85.00%) for Hsa_circ_0089761 ≥2.25, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for diagnosing cervical cancer in combination with SCCA was highest (0.932, 95% CI: 0.874-0.993), with the highest accuracy (89.30%). The sensitivity of the combination of Hsa_circ_0089761+ SCCA+ CEA in diagnosing cervical cancer was highest (96.26%). The correlation analysis results showed that the serum Hsa_circ_0089761 expression levels in cervical cancer patients were positively correlated with SCCA ( r=0.775, P<0.001) and CEA ( r=0.613, P<0.001). Conclusions:The expression level of serum Hsa_circ_0089761 in cervical cancer patients is significantly increased, which is related to clinical and pathological characteristics. The combination of Hsa_circ_0089761 and SCCA detection has high value in the diagnosis of cervical cancer.

BACKGROUND:Endogenous neurogenesis and exogenous stem cell transplantation in the brain show great therapeutic potential for neurological diseases including ischemic stroke,repairing and replacing lost neurons,promoting synaptic remodeling,and inhibiting apoptosis.Traditional Chinese medicine and compound therapy for supplementing qi,activating blood circulation and inducing resuscitation for the treatment of neurological dysfunction after ischemia have certain advantages,targeting nerve repair through a variety of ways,including promoting endogenous neurogenesis and exogenous stem cell survival,proliferation,homing,and inducing neuronal differentiation. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine and compound for supplementing qi,activating blood circulation and inducing resuscitation to promote nerve repair in the acute phase of ischemic stroke,in order to provide a reference for the research and treatment of new drugs in ischemic stroke. METHODS:The articles from CNKI and PubMed databases about traditional Chinese medicine and compound for supplementing qi,activating blood circulation and inducing resuscitation in promotion of nerve repair in the acute phase of ischemic stroke from 2010 to 2022 were searched,with"supplementing qi and activating blood circulation;inducing resuscitation;traditional Chinese medicine(TCM);compounds;ischemic stroke;nerve repair;stem cells"as Chinese and English search terms.After excluding old and duplicate views,the retrieved literature was analyzed and collated,and a total of 124 articles were included for analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The definition of stem cells,ischemic stroke and the nerve repair pathway in the acute phase of ischemic stroke were sorted out.(2)The mechanism of action of traditional Chinese medicine and compound for supplementing qi,activating blood circulation and inducing resuscitation to promote nerve repair in the acute phase of ischemic stroke was summarized,mainly including promoting stem cell proliferation,improving stem cell viability and survival rate,promoting nerve cell homing,inducing stem cell differentiation to neurons,inhibiting apoptosis of nerve cells,promoting axon regeneration,regulating angiogenesis and remodeling,improving the level of neurotrophic factors and repairing the integrity of the blood-brain barrier.(3)Through the existing research,the relevant factors and signaling pathways of traditional Chinese medicines and compounds for supplementing qi,activating blood circulation and inducing resuscitation to promote nerve repair in the acute phase of ischemic stroke were summarized,such as Nestin protein expression,DCX protein expression,brain-derived neurotrophic factor,vascular endothelial growth factor and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway,Notch signaling pathway,PI3k/Akt signaling pathway,BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway and ERK/MAPK signaling pathway.It provides a relevant reference for future research on ischemic stroke-specific drugs and new clinical treatment methods.

BACKGROUND:The aging of mesenchymal stem cells is one of the main causes of aging-related diseases,and seriously affects its clinical application.Traditional Chinese medicine has a good anti-aging effect,and it can inhibit the aging of mesenchymal stem cells to promote its application in tissue engineering and prevent and treat aging-related diseases. OBJECTIVE:To review the effect and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine on inhibiting the aging of mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS:We searched CNKI and PubMed for the literature on inhibiting mesenchymal stem cell aging with traditional Chinese medicine from 2012 to 2022.The keywords were"traditional Chinese medicine,mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs),aging"in Chinese and English,respectively.Finally,92 articles were included for further review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)We summarized five main mechanisms of the aging of mesenchymal stem cells:DNA damage,telomere shortening,oxidative stress,autophagy disorder and mitochondrial dysfunction.(2)This paper reviewed the phenotypic characteristics of senescent mesenchymal stem cells,including increases in cell volume,decreases in proliferation and multi-directional differentiation,increases in β-galactosidase activity,and activation of p21 and p16 pathways,and so on.(3)We summarized the main mechanisms of Chinese medicine inhibiting the senescence of mesenchymal stem cells at present,including inhibiting the activation of the Wnt pathway,inhibiting the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species,promoting the silencing of information regulator factor 2 homolog 1,phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B,adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 pathway activation,and promoting the expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase.(4)At present,bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are the most widely studied in the research of traditional Chinese medicine to inhibit the aging of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,and the effect is better.(5)Zuogui Wan,Bushen Tiaogan Formula,resveratrol,Astragalus membranaceus and other traditional Chinese medicines can prevent and treat osteoporosis by promoting the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of aging mesenchymal stem cells.However,the mechanism of Chinese medicine in improving the paracrine function of mesenchymal stem cells and preventing other aging-related diseases by inhibiting the aging of mesenchymal stem cells needs to be further explored.

BACKGROUND:Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a progressive neurodegenerative disease,which often leads to the death of neurons in the brain and spinal cord.The pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is extremely complex,with high refractory rate and mortality rate.There are only two kinds of drugs for its treatment,so it is urgent to develop new treatment methods to improve the prognosis of patients. OBJECTIVE:To review the mechanism of Chinese medicine and mesenchymal stem cells regulating the immune response in the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. METHODS:"Traditional Chinese medicine,medical stem cells,ALS,immune response"were Chinese and English search terms.Articles were retrieved from WanFang,CNKI,PubMed,Web of Science and other databases from 2010 to 2023.Finally,69 articles were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The article summarizes in detail the five mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine regulating the immune response in the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis:mainly including the promotion of expression of closed zone protein-1 and closed protein-5 by traditional Chinese medicine such as borneol and astragaloside IV to rebuild the integrity of the blood central nervous system barrier.Fufangteng Mixture can regulate the receptor molecules on the surface of the natural killer cells to inhibit their autotoxicity.The complement system factors such as Scutellaria barbata and patchouli can inhibit their abnormal activation.Tripterygium wilfordii and Uncaria rhynchophylla inhibit the activation of microglia by mediating the production of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 attenuated inducible nitric oxide synthase.Zuogui Pill and Trichosanthes kirilowii Root promote the expression of interleukin-10 and regulate T cells to improve the immune environment.(2)Through existing research,five mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells regulating the immune response in the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis have been summarized,mainly including reducing the expression of aquaporin 4 and reducing endothelial nitric oxide synthase signal transduction to repair the integrity of the immune barrier;releasing indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase,prostaglandin E2 and other factors to resist natural killer cell toxicity;secretion factor H interferes with the activity of invertase and inhibits abnormal activation of the complement system;regulating the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 system axis or secreting transforming growth factors β,which can change the phenotype of microglia and inhibit its activity by other ways;increasing the expression of interleukin-10 or activating the STATS phosphorylation pathway to restore T cell function.(3)At present,there are few studies on the combination of traditional Chinese medicine and mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Relevant research reports have shown that Jiweiling Injection can promote stem cell proliferation and differentiation and that Buyang Huanwu decoction combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can significantly improve the integrity of the blood-brain barrier.In the future,further exploration is needed to explore the synergistic treatment effect of both on refractory amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Hepatic encephalopathy （HE） is a common severe liver disease syndrome in clinical practice and is one of the critical and severe diseases in internal medicine， and more than half of liver failure patients diagnosed with overt HE have a survival time of less than 1 year. A comprehensive analysis of the complex pathogenesis of HE and the development of diagnosis and treatment regimens based on evidence-based medicine are of great importance for alleviating high medical resource consumption， high medical expenses， and high incidence and mortality rates in clinical practice. The latest studies have shown that the intestinal tract and the central nervous system can perform bidirectional continuous interaction and signal transmission and regulate the function of inflammation signals， molecules， cells， and organs， which is known as neuroimmune communication and is highly consistent with the main pathological features of HE. With a focus on the mechanism of neuroimmune communication in HE， this article reviews the association between inflammation signal transduction via the gut-brain axis and neurotransmitter regulation and its role in neuroimmune communication in HE， which provides new ideas for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of HE and the research and development of related drugs.

The Wnt signaling pathway plays an important role in maintaining liver homeostasis and liver regeneration.In healthy livers,the Wnt signaling pathway is mostly inactive,but it is continuously overactivated during cell renewal or regeneration processes,as well as in certain pathological conditions,diseases,precancerous states,and cancers.Persistent liver cell injury often leads to chronic liver diseases such as liver fibrosis,liver cirrhosis,and liver cancer.This article summarizes the basic structural features of the Wnt signaling pathway and analyzes its important role in the pathological progression of various liver diseases,so as to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of liver diseases in clinical practice.