Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis （IPF） is a chronic interstitial lung disease characterized by dyspnea and progressive deterioration of lung function， which significantly impacts patients' quality of life and imposes a major burden on society. Although modern medicine has increasingly enriched the treatment options for pulmonary fibrosis， unfavorable factors such as high costs and significant side effects contribute to the persistently low survival rate of patients. Studies have shown that the occurrence and development of pulmonary fibrosis are closely related to abnormalities in multiple pathways. Among these， Rho/Rho-associated coiled-coil protein kinase （ROCK） plays a key role in the disease progression of IPF by regulating the cytoskeleton. This pathway not only transmits biochemical molecular signals that promote the progress of fibrosis but also responds to the biomechanical environment， such as the increased lung tissue stiffness caused by the deposition of extracellular matrix （ECM） during the process of pulmonary fibrosis. Therefore， research on this pathway is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of IPF. In recent years， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has shown remarkable effects in preventing and treating IPF. Many TCM compounds and active components can reduce the production of α-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA）， CollagenⅠ （ColⅠ）， ColⅢ， and inflammatory factors in lung tissue by regulating the Rho/ROCK signaling pathway. These compounds inhibit the transformation of fibroblasts （FBs） into myofibroblasts （MyoFBs）， intervening in the process of pulmonary fibrosis. Based on this， the article briefly reviews relevant research from recent years， discusses the key role of the Rho/ROCK pathway in pulmonary fibrosis from an interdisciplinary perspective， and summarizes the mechanisms through which TCM regulates Rho/ROCK to prevent and treat IPF， based on resources from PubMed， CNKI， and other databases， in order to provide important references for the broader clinical application of TCM in the prevention and treatment of IPF.

Objective To compare the differences in stress on maxillary anterior implants and labial cortical bone under varying thicknesses of palatal bone plates through three-dimensional finite element analysis.Methods Using CBCT scan data and finite ele-ment software,a three-dimensional finite element model of maxillary central incisor implant restoration was constructed.The thickness of the palatal bone plate at the cervical region of the implant was set to 0,0.5,1.0 mm,respectively.The effects of different palatal bone plate thicknesses on the equivalent stress of the implant and the minimum principal stress(compressive stress)of the labial corti-cal bone under normal occlusal conditions were simulated.Results Under normal occlusion,when the palatal cervical bone plate thickness was 0,0.5,1.0 mm,the maximum equivalent stress of the implant was consistently located at the midline of the labial cervi-cal region at the implant-abutment interface,with values of 106.8,103.5,99.71 MPa,respectively.Meanwhile,the minimum princi-pal stress of the cortical bone appeared at the alveolar crest at the junction of the implant-abutment and labial alveolar bone,measuring 107.8,103.2,95.55 MPa,respectively.The results indicated that as the palatal cervical bone plate thickness decreased,both the maximum equivalent stress of the implant and the minimum principal stress of the labial cortical bone exhibited an increasing trend,though they remained below their respective yield strengths.Conclusion From a biomechanical perspective,maxillary anterior implant restoration remains feasible even when the thickness of the palatal bone plate at the cervical region of the implant is 0 mm.

Objective To compare the stress difference of the resin with different thicknesses in the screw access hole using three-dimensional finite element method.Methods A three-dimensional finite element model of the implant at the site of the mandibular first molar was established by computer aided design(CAD)software.A static load of 200 N was applied to the resin models with different thicknesses(1,2,3,4,5 mm)to analyze the effect of thickness on the von Mises stress and shear stress of the resin.Results In a certain range,the maximum von Mises stress and the maximum shear stress of the resin decreased with the increase of the thickness.At the thickness of 1mm,the maximum von Mises stress and shear stress of the resin were 23.85 MPa and 11.82 MPa,respectively.When the thickness was 2 mm,the maximum von Mises stress and shear stress of the resin were 18.75 MPa and 9.73 MPa respectively.At the thickness of 3 mm,the maximum von Mises stress and shear stress of the resin were 17.46 MPa and 9.04 MPa,respectively.When the thickness of the resin was more than 3 mm,the stress on it was in a stable level trend.When the thickness was 4 mm,the maximum von Mises stress and shear stress of the resin were 17.38 MPa and 9.04 MPa,respectively.When the thickness was 5 mm,the maxi-mum von Mises stress and maximum shear stress of the resin were 17.18 MPa and 8.85 MPa,respectively.Conclusion When the res-in reaches a certain thickness,the stress is small and stable.This study provides a new design strategy for reducing the complications after implant restoration caused by stress fatigue of the resin.

Objective To explore the effect of meditative training combined with positive psychological intervention on pain,fatigue and sleep disorders in gastric cancer patients undergoing postoperative chemotherapy.Methods A total of 120 patients who underwent postoperative chemotherapy for gastric cancer in our hospital from August 2021 to August 2022 were randomly divided into control group and combination group,with 60 cases in each group.Positive psychological intervention was applied in both groups,and the combination group additionally received meditative training.The scores of pain,fatigue and sleep disorders,psychological distress,self-care ability and quality of life were compared between the two groups.Results After intervention,the scores of pain,fatigue,sleep disorders,physical quality,emotion,reality,family and spiritual/religious beliefs were significantly decreased in both groups,and the scores in the combined group were lower than those in the control group(all P<0.05).After intervention,the scores of self-concept,responsibility,nursing skills,health cognition,psychology,body,society,symptom and side effects,and specificity were significantly increased in both groups,and the scores in the combined group were higher than those in the control group(all P<0.05).Conclusion The meditation training combined with positive psychological intervention can significantly improve the scores of pain,fatigue and sleep disorders,psychological distress,self-care ability and quality of life in gastric cancer patients undergoing postoperative chemotherapy.

Objective To explore the roles of transcription factor E26 transformation-specific 1(ETS1)and F-box protein 45(FBXO45)in invasion and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells and the potential molecular mechanism.Methods Jaspar,hTFtarget and Cistrome transcription factor database prediction websites were used to predict the transcription factors of FBXO45.According to the intersection of the predicted results of each database,the expression of FBXO45 was detected after the candidate transcription factors were knockdown in HCCLM3 and Huh7 liver cancer cells,respectively.The most significant influence on FBXO45 expression was selected for further analysis,and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay(ChIP)was used to verify the binding to the FBXO45 promoter.Finally,the potential transcription factor of FBXO45 was identified.The effect of ETS1 overexpression on invasion and migration in HCCLM3 and Huh7 cells was detected by Transwell assay,and the expression levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)pathway proteins were detected by Western blot assay.The effects of FBXO45 knockdown on the invasion and migration under the condition of overexpression of ETS1 were also studied.Results Intersection of FBXO45 transcription factors identified 3 candidate transcription factors,ETS1,SPI1 and YY1.When the 3 transcription factors were knocked down in HCCLM3 and Huh7 cells,respectively,ETS1 knockdown significantly reduced the expression of FBXO45.According to the analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)data and the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)data,the expression levels of ETS1 and FBXO45 were significantly positively correlated(R=0.31,P<0.000 1;R=0.40,P=0.021 9).ChIP suggested that ETS1 could specifically bind to FBXO45 promoter sequence to regulate its expression,confirming that ETS1 was a potential transcription factor of FBXO45.After overexpression of ETS1 in HCCLM3 and Huh7 cells,the invasion and migration abilities of cells were significantly enhanced,and the expression of N-cadherin and Snail was up-regulated(P<0.01).In addition,in the case of ETS1 overexpression,FBXO45 knockdown significantly inhibited the invasion and migration(P<0.01).Conclusion ETS1 activates the transcription of FBXO45 and leads its high expression,which enhances the invasion and migration of HCC cells via EMT pathway and promotes the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Cancer represents a major worldwide disease burden marked by escalating incidence and mortality. While therapeutic advances persist, developing safer and precisely targeted modalities remains imperative. Nanomedicines emerges as a transformative paradigm leveraging distinctive physicochemical properties to achieve tumor-specific drug delivery, controlled release, and tumor microenvironment modulation. By synergizing passive enhanced permeation and retention effect-driven accumulation and active ligand-mediated targeting, nanoplatforms enhance pharmacokinetics, promote tumor microenvironment enrichment, and improve cellular internalization while mitigating systemic toxicity. Despite revolutionizing cancer therapy through enhanced treatment efficacy and reduced adverse effects, translational challenges persist in manufacturing scalability, longterm biosafety, and cost-efficiency. This review systematically analyzes cutting-edge nanoplatforms, including polymeric, lipidic, biomimetic, albumin-based, peptide engineered, DNA origami, and inorganic nanocarriers, while evaluating their strategic advantages and technical limitations across three therapeutic domains: immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. By assessing structure-function correlations and clinical translation barriers, this work establishes mechanistic and translational references to advance oncological nanomedicine development.
Humans ; Neoplasms/radiotherapy* ; Immunotherapy/methods* ; Nanoparticles/chemistry* ; Animals ; Nanomedicine/methods* ; Drug Delivery Systems/methods* ; Drug Carriers/chemistry* ; Radiotherapy/methods*

Objective To investigate the ameliorative effect of Qihuakeli,a Hani formula,on glycolipid metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus by in vivo and in vitro experiments.Methods Rat liver mesenchymal stromal cells(BRL-3A)were inoculated in six-well plates and divided into blank,palmitic acid,fenofibrate,and Qihuakeli serum-containing 5.4,10.8,and 21.6 g/kg groups.Except for the blank group,the remaining groups were intervened with 0.2 mmol/L palmitic acid(PA)for 24 hour,and then added with drug-containing serum,and then continued to incubate for 24 hour.The proliferation rate of BRL-3A cells in each group was determined.Total cholesterol(T-CHO),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)concentrations in the supernatant of each cell group were measured,cell culture medium was aspirated and discarded,triglyceride(TG)concentration in the cell lysate.The lipid content of the cells was determined by measuring and staining with red oil.Meanwhile,45 rats were taken and divided into blank group,model group,fenofibrate group(0.225 g/kg),Qihuakeli compound 5.4 g/kg group,and Qihuakeli compound 10.8 g/kg group,the blank group was given normal feed and the rest of the groups were given high-fat feed for 42 day.Beginning on the 43rd day,each group,except the blank group,was injected with a single intraperitoneal injection of Starting from the 43rd day,except the blank group,each group was given a one-time intraperitoneal injection of 0.25%streptozotocin(STZ)solution,and at the same time,the corresponding drugs were given by gavage for 14 day.The rats'weight gain and liver index were measured.Serum fasting blood glucose(FBG)and fasting insulin(FINS)were detected,and the insulin resistance index(ISI)was calculated.Serum free fatty acid(FFA)levels and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in liver tissue were also detected.HE staining was used to detect pathological changes in the pancreas.Pathological changes were observed in the tissues,and islet α and β cell expression was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results Compared to the PA group,the accumulation rate of BRL-3A cells was significantly higher(P<0.01)in the 10.8 and 21.6 g/kg Qihuakeli-containing serum groups.The levels of T-CHO,LDL-C and TG in the 5.4 and 21.6 g/kg serum groups were significantly lower(P<0.05),and HDL-C levels significantly increased(P<0.05).Oil red staining results showed that lipids in the cytoplasm of the 5.4,10.8 and 21.6 g/kg.Qihuacel-containing groups significantly reduced.Compared to the model group,the body weight of the 10.8 g/kg group containing Qihuakeli granules increased significantly(P<0.05).The liver index of the 5.4 g/kg group containing Qihuakeli decreased significantly(P<0.05).The serum indices of FBG,FINS,FFA and insulin resistance of the 5 g/kg group containing Qihuakeli decreased significantly(P<0.05).In the 5.4,10.8 g/kg groups,all serum FBG,FINS,FFA and insulin resistance indices significantly reduced in the 5.4 and 10.8 g/kg Qihuakeli groups(P<0.05 or P<0.01).TNF-α levels were significantly reduced(P<0.01).HE staining showed that a small number of lymphocytes were scattered in the pancreatic ducts and perivascular area of the rats in the Qihuakeli 5.4 and 10.8 g/kg groups,the local vasodilatation was observed,the number of pancreatic islet cells and the area of islet cells significantly increased.Immunohistochemical study was further used.The results of immunohistochemistry showed that the area of pancreatic islet α-cells significantly reduced and the area of pancreatic islet β-cells significantly increased in Qihuakeli 5.4 and 10.8 g/kg groups.Conclusion Qihuakeli compound improved glucose-lipid metabolism in T2DM,probably by improving the function of pancreatic islet cells,increasing the sensitivity of insulin to blood glucose,improving insulin resistance,decreasing the secretion of insulin and glucagon,and thus lowering the level of fasting blood glucose.Meanwhile,by decreasing the content of TNF-α,inhibiting lipolysis in the body,and promoting the uptake of FFA by adipocytes,and further lowering the FFA.Thus,it regulates the levels of TG,T-CHO,HDL-C and LDL-C,improves the abnormalities of glucose and lipid metabolism,and alleviates T2DM.

Objective To compare the stress difference of the resin with different thicknesses in the screw access hole using three-dimensional finite element method.Methods A three-dimensional finite element model of the implant at the site of the mandibular first molar was established by computer aided design(CAD)software.A static load of 200 N was applied to the resin models with different thicknesses(1,2,3,4,5 mm)to analyze the effect of thickness on the von Mises stress and shear stress of the resin.Results In a certain range,the maximum von Mises stress and the maximum shear stress of the resin decreased with the increase of the thickness.At the thickness of 1mm,the maximum von Mises stress and shear stress of the resin were 23.85 MPa and 11.82 MPa,respectively.When the thickness was 2 mm,the maximum von Mises stress and shear stress of the resin were 18.75 MPa and 9.73 MPa respectively.At the thickness of 3 mm,the maximum von Mises stress and shear stress of the resin were 17.46 MPa and 9.04 MPa,respectively.When the thickness of the resin was more than 3 mm,the stress on it was in a stable level trend.When the thickness was 4 mm,the maximum von Mises stress and shear stress of the resin were 17.38 MPa and 9.04 MPa,respectively.When the thickness was 5 mm,the maxi-mum von Mises stress and maximum shear stress of the resin were 17.18 MPa and 8.85 MPa,respectively.Conclusion When the res-in reaches a certain thickness,the stress is small and stable.This study provides a new design strategy for reducing the complications after implant restoration caused by stress fatigue of the resin.

Objective To compare the differences in stress on maxillary anterior implants and labial cortical bone under varying thicknesses of palatal bone plates through three-dimensional finite element analysis.Methods Using CBCT scan data and finite ele-ment software,a three-dimensional finite element model of maxillary central incisor implant restoration was constructed.The thickness of the palatal bone plate at the cervical region of the implant was set to 0,0.5,1.0 mm,respectively.The effects of different palatal bone plate thicknesses on the equivalent stress of the implant and the minimum principal stress(compressive stress)of the labial corti-cal bone under normal occlusal conditions were simulated.Results Under normal occlusion,when the palatal cervical bone plate thickness was 0,0.5,1.0 mm,the maximum equivalent stress of the implant was consistently located at the midline of the labial cervi-cal region at the implant-abutment interface,with values of 106.8,103.5,99.71 MPa,respectively.Meanwhile,the minimum princi-pal stress of the cortical bone appeared at the alveolar crest at the junction of the implant-abutment and labial alveolar bone,measuring 107.8,103.2,95.55 MPa,respectively.The results indicated that as the palatal cervical bone plate thickness decreased,both the maximum equivalent stress of the implant and the minimum principal stress of the labial cortical bone exhibited an increasing trend,though they remained below their respective yield strengths.Conclusion From a biomechanical perspective,maxillary anterior implant restoration remains feasible even when the thickness of the palatal bone plate at the cervical region of the implant is 0 mm.

Objective To investigate the ameliorative effect of Qihuakeli,a Hani formula,on glycolipid metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus by in vivo and in vitro experiments.Methods Rat liver mesenchymal stromal cells(BRL-3A)were inoculated in six-well plates and divided into blank,palmitic acid,fenofibrate,and Qihuakeli serum-containing 5.4,10.8,and 21.6 g/kg groups.Except for the blank group,the remaining groups were intervened with 0.2 mmol/L palmitic acid(PA)for 24 hour,and then added with drug-containing serum,and then continued to incubate for 24 hour.The proliferation rate of BRL-3A cells in each group was determined.Total cholesterol(T-CHO),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)concentrations in the supernatant of each cell group were measured,cell culture medium was aspirated and discarded,triglyceride(TG)concentration in the cell lysate.The lipid content of the cells was determined by measuring and staining with red oil.Meanwhile,45 rats were taken and divided into blank group,model group,fenofibrate group(0.225 g/kg),Qihuakeli compound 5.4 g/kg group,and Qihuakeli compound 10.8 g/kg group,the blank group was given normal feed and the rest of the groups were given high-fat feed for 42 day.Beginning on the 43rd day,each group,except the blank group,was injected with a single intraperitoneal injection of Starting from the 43rd day,except the blank group,each group was given a one-time intraperitoneal injection of 0.25%streptozotocin(STZ)solution,and at the same time,the corresponding drugs were given by gavage for 14 day.The rats'weight gain and liver index were measured.Serum fasting blood glucose(FBG)and fasting insulin(FINS)were detected,and the insulin resistance index(ISI)was calculated.Serum free fatty acid(FFA)levels and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in liver tissue were also detected.HE staining was used to detect pathological changes in the pancreas.Pathological changes were observed in the tissues,and islet α and β cell expression was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results Compared to the PA group,the accumulation rate of BRL-3A cells was significantly higher(P<0.01)in the 10.8 and 21.6 g/kg Qihuakeli-containing serum groups.The levels of T-CHO,LDL-C and TG in the 5.4 and 21.6 g/kg serum groups were significantly lower(P<0.05),and HDL-C levels significantly increased(P<0.05).Oil red staining results showed that lipids in the cytoplasm of the 5.4,10.8 and 21.6 g/kg.Qihuacel-containing groups significantly reduced.Compared to the model group,the body weight of the 10.8 g/kg group containing Qihuakeli granules increased significantly(P<0.05).The liver index of the 5.4 g/kg group containing Qihuakeli decreased significantly(P<0.05).The serum indices of FBG,FINS,FFA and insulin resistance of the 5 g/kg group containing Qihuakeli decreased significantly(P<0.05).In the 5.4,10.8 g/kg groups,all serum FBG,FINS,FFA and insulin resistance indices significantly reduced in the 5.4 and 10.8 g/kg Qihuakeli groups(P<0.05 or P<0.01).TNF-α levels were significantly reduced(P<0.01).HE staining showed that a small number of lymphocytes were scattered in the pancreatic ducts and perivascular area of the rats in the Qihuakeli 5.4 and 10.8 g/kg groups,the local vasodilatation was observed,the number of pancreatic islet cells and the area of islet cells significantly increased.Immunohistochemical study was further used.The results of immunohistochemistry showed that the area of pancreatic islet α-cells significantly reduced and the area of pancreatic islet β-cells significantly increased in Qihuakeli 5.4 and 10.8 g/kg groups.Conclusion Qihuakeli compound improved glucose-lipid metabolism in T2DM,probably by improving the function of pancreatic islet cells,increasing the sensitivity of insulin to blood glucose,improving insulin resistance,decreasing the secretion of insulin and glucagon,and thus lowering the level of fasting blood glucose.Meanwhile,by decreasing the content of TNF-α,inhibiting lipolysis in the body,and promoting the uptake of FFA by adipocytes,and further lowering the FFA.Thus,it regulates the levels of TG,T-CHO,HDL-C and LDL-C,improves the abnormalities of glucose and lipid metabolism,and alleviates T2DM.