Objective To understand the antibody levels of diphtheria and tetanus among healthy population in Shanghai Pudong New Area, and to provide a scientific basis for improving the vaccine immunization strategy. Methods Random sampling was used to select healthy people of all ages in 16 communities in Shanghai Pudong New Area from 2018 to 2024, and serum samples were collected and tested for serum anti-diphtheria and tetanus toxin IgG antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method to analyze the antibody positivity rate (≥0.1 IU/ml) and the geometric mean concentration (GMC) of antibodies. Results A total of 3 312 serum samples were included, with a male-to-female ratio of 0.76:1, and 53.77% were local residents. The seropositivity rates and geometric mean concentrations (GMC) of both diphtheria and tetanus antibodies generally declined with increasing age, but exhibited a transient rebound in the 7y-. A total of 1 175 individuals (35.48%) were seropositive for diphtheria, with a GMC of 0.054 IU/mL. For tetanus, 988 individuals (29.83%) were seropositive, with a GMC of 0.033 IU/mL. Significant differences in seropositivity rates (χ²_diphtheria=950.005,χ²_tetanus=1 324.393) and GMC (H_diphtheria=1027.160,H_tetanus=1 142.007) were observed among different age groups (P<0.001). Significant differences in seropositivity rates (χ²_diphtheria=950.005,χ²_tetanus=1324.393) and GMC (H_diphtheria=1027.160,H_tetanus=1142.007) were also found across different years (P<0.001). Conclusion The prevalence of diphtheria and tetanus antibodies in the healthy population of Pudong New Area is relatively low, particularly among adults over 20 years of age with inadequate immunization. This underscores the need to reinforce the National Immunization Program (NIP) vaccine specifications for children under 6 years of age and implement an immunization strategy for adolescents or adults against diphtheria and tetanus.

OBJECTIVE To establish a quality control method for Jinbei oral liquid based on multi-wavelength switching high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） fingerprint， chemical pattern recognition and multi-index content determination. METHODS A total of 15 batches of Jinbei oral liquid were used as test samples. The Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine （ Version 2012 ） was adopted to establish multi-wavelength switching HPLC fingerprints， followed by chromatographic peak identification and similarity evaluation. Cluster analysis， principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis were applied to conduct chemical pattern recognition on the 15 batches of samples. The multi-wavelength switching HPLC method was used to simultaneously determine the contents of neochlorogenic acid， chlorogenic acid， cryptochlorogenic acid， forsythoside A， baicalin， salvianoli c acid B and wogonoside in samples. RESULTS A total of 25 common peaks were calibrated in the fingerprints of 15 batches of Jinbei oral liquid， among which 7 common peaks were unambiguously identified. The similarity of all samples was higher than 0.960. Chemical pattern recognition results showed that samples S1-S8 were clustered into group 1， and samples S9-S15 were clustered into group 2. Baicalin， wogonoside， neochlorogenic acid， chlorogenic acid and salvianolic acid B were identified as the differential quality markers. The average contents of neochlorogenic acid， chlorogenic acid， cryptochlorogenic acid， forsythoside A， baicalin， salvianolic acid B and wogonoside in 15 batches of Jinbei oral liquid were 0.213 7， 0.085 3， 0.104 9， 0.287 3， 0.420 1， 0.062 1， 0.176 0 mg/mL， respectively. CONCLUSIONS The established quality control method for Jinbei oral liquid combining multi-wavelength switching HPLC fingerprint， chemical pattern recognition and multi-index content determination is stable and reliable， which can provide a reference for the formulation of quality standards of this preparation.

OBJECTIVE To establish a quality control method for Jinbei oral liquid based on multi-wavelength switching high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） fingerprint， chemical pattern recognition and multi-index content determination. METHODS A total of 15 batches of Jinbei oral liquid were used as test samples. The Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine （ Version 2012 ） was adopted to establish multi-wavelength switching HPLC fingerprints， followed by chromatographic peak identification and similarity evaluation. Cluster analysis， principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis were applied to conduct chemical pattern recognition on the 15 batches of samples. The multi-wavelength switching HPLC method was used to simultaneously determine the contents of neochlorogenic acid， chlorogenic acid， cryptochlorogenic acid， forsythoside A， baicalin， salvianoli c acid B and wogonoside in samples. RESULTS A total of 25 common peaks were calibrated in the fingerprints of 15 batches of Jinbei oral liquid， among which 7 common peaks were unambiguously identified. The similarity of all samples was higher than 0.960. Chemical pattern recognition results showed that samples S1-S8 were clustered into group 1， and samples S9-S15 were clustered into group 2. Baicalin， wogonoside， neochlorogenic acid， chlorogenic acid and salvianolic acid B were identified as the differential quality markers. The average contents of neochlorogenic acid， chlorogenic acid， cryptochlorogenic acid， forsythoside A， baicalin， salvianolic acid B and wogonoside in 15 batches of Jinbei oral liquid were 0.213 7， 0.085 3， 0.104 9， 0.287 3， 0.420 1， 0.062 1， 0.176 0 mg/mL， respectively. CONCLUSIONS The established quality control method for Jinbei oral liquid combining multi-wavelength switching HPLC fingerprint， chemical pattern recognition and multi-index content determination is stable and reliable， which can provide a reference for the formulation of quality standards of this preparation.

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanisms of high-fat diet(HFD)-induced obesity on male ze-brafish reproductive function.Methods Adult male zebrafish were divided into normal diet(ND)group and HFD group.Growth and metabolic conditions were evaluated by measuring body weight,body length,BMI,organ index,and glucose/lipid lev-els.Reproductive capacity was assessed via sperm concentration,motility,fertilization rate,and testosterone levels.Testicular tissues from both of groups were subjected to transeriptomic sequencing(RNA-seq).And qRT-PCR was used to validate the expression of genes.Results Compared to male zebrafish in ND group,the ones in HFD group exhibited hepatic steatosis and glucose/lipid meta-bolic disorders(P＜0.05).Testicular structural disorganization,along with reduced testosterone levels,decreased gonadosomatic in-dex,and impaired sperm concentration and motility occurred in HFD group(P＜0.05).GO analysis revealed that differentially ex-pressed genes were enriched in spermatogenesis and ciliary system,while KEGG analysis highlighted metabolic related pathways(pu-rine metabolism,thyroid hormone synthesis,mTOR signaling)and cell adhesion molecules.Twenty key differentially expressed genes were validated by qRT-PCR,which confirmed the reliability of RNA-Seq results.Conclusion Impairment of reproductive function induced by HFD in zebrafish may be associated with three regulatory mechanisms including ciliary system,metabolic dysregulation,and aberrant cell adhesion molecule signaling.This study provides mechanistic insights and identifies potential therapeutic targets for clinical management of diet-associated infertility.

Aim To explore the therapeutic effects of resveratrol(Res)on hepatic inflammation and oxida-tive stress in rheumatoid arthritis(RA),and to eluci-date the relationship of the regulatory mechanism of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway in it.Methods A mouse model of arthritis was induced using chicken type Ⅱ collagen in combination with complete Freund's adjuvant,and Res was administered by tube feeding for treatment.Serum liver function indices and levels of hepatic inflammation and oxidative stress were detected in mice.An in vitro cellular model of hepatic inflam-mation and oxidative stress was established by treating mouse primary hepatocytes(MPHs)with TNF-α(5μg·L-1),cell proliferation inhibition was detected by CCK-8,and inflammation and oxidative stress-relat-ed indices were detected by protein blotting.The in-trinsic mechanisms by which Res attenuated hepatic in-flammation and oxidative stress in rheumatoid arthritis were explored by treating MPHs with Nrf2 inhibitor and Keap1 overexpression plasmid.Results Res signifi-cantly reduced the levels of inflammation and oxidative stress in hepatic tissues of collagen-induced arthritis mice as well as TNF-α-treated MPHs,and activated the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway.Inflammation and oxidative stress levels in MPHs were exacerbated by the use of Nrf2 inhibitors and Keap1 overexpression,which promoted apoptosis.Conclusion Res attenuates he-patic inflammation and oxidative stress in rheumatoid arthritis via the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway.

Radiation-induced esophageal injury (RIEI) is a frequent complication following radiotherapy for thoracic and head-neck malignancies, which may lead to severe sequelae including esophageal stricture and perforation, adversely affecting patients' quality of life and therapeutic outcomes. With advancements in radiotherapy techniques — particularly the adoption of unconventional fractionation regimens, concurrent chemoradiotherapy, and combined molecular targeted / immunotherapy — the incidence of RIEI has been increasing. In this review, recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, risk factors, and management strategies for RIEI were comprehensively summarized. Current therapeutic approaches have evolved beyond conventional anti-inflammatory and nutritional support to include novel interventions such as targeted therapy, free radical scavengers, and microbiota modulation, etc. Future research should prioritize the development of optimized, individualized prevention and treatment protocols to mitigate RIEI risk and improve patient prognosis.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the association between body mass index (BMI) and mortality based on the 10-year population-based multicenter prospective study. METHODS: A general population-based multicenter prospective study was conducted at four sites in rural China between 2013 and 2023. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic spline analyses were used to assess the association between BMI and mortality. Stratified analyses were performed based on the individual characteristics of the participants. RESULTS: Overall, 19,107 participants with a sum of 163,095 person-years were included and 1,910 participants died. The underweight (< 18.5 kg/m ²) presented an increase in all-cause mortality (adjusted hazards ratio [ aHR] = 2.00, 95% confidence interval [ CI]: 1.66-2.41), while overweight (≥ 24.0 to < 28.0 kg/m ²) and obesity (≥ 28.0 kg/m ²) presented a decrease with an aHR of 0.61 (95% CI: 0.52-0.73) and 0.51 (95% CI: 0.37-0.70), respectively. Overweight ( aHR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.67-0.86) and mild obesity ( aHR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.59-0.87) had a positive impact on mortality in people older than 60 years. All-cause mortality decreased rapidly until reaching a BMI of 25.7 kg/m ² ( aHR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92-0.98) and increased slightly above that value, indicating a U-shaped association. The beneficial impact of being overweight on mortality was robust in most subgroups and sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION This study provides additional evidence that overweight and mild obesity may be inversely related to the risk of death in individuals older than 60 years. Therefore, it is essential to consider age differences when formulating health and weight management strategies.
Humans ; Body Mass Index ; China/epidemiology* ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Rural Population/statistics & numerical data* ; Aged ; Follow-Up Studies ; Adult ; Mortality ; Cause of Death ; Obesity/mortality* ; Overweight/mortality*

Aim To explore the therapeutic effects of resveratrol(Res)on hepatic inflammation and oxida-tive stress in rheumatoid arthritis(RA),and to eluci-date the relationship of the regulatory mechanism of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway in it.Methods A mouse model of arthritis was induced using chicken type Ⅱ collagen in combination with complete Freund's adjuvant,and Res was administered by tube feeding for treatment.Serum liver function indices and levels of hepatic inflammation and oxidative stress were detected in mice.An in vitro cellular model of hepatic inflam-mation and oxidative stress was established by treating mouse primary hepatocytes(MPHs)with TNF-α(5μg·L-1),cell proliferation inhibition was detected by CCK-8,and inflammation and oxidative stress-relat-ed indices were detected by protein blotting.The in-trinsic mechanisms by which Res attenuated hepatic in-flammation and oxidative stress in rheumatoid arthritis were explored by treating MPHs with Nrf2 inhibitor and Keap1 overexpression plasmid.Results Res signifi-cantly reduced the levels of inflammation and oxidative stress in hepatic tissues of collagen-induced arthritis mice as well as TNF-α-treated MPHs,and activated the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway.Inflammation and oxidative stress levels in MPHs were exacerbated by the use of Nrf2 inhibitors and Keap1 overexpression,which promoted apoptosis.Conclusion Res attenuates he-patic inflammation and oxidative stress in rheumatoid arthritis via the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway.

Objective:To analyze the clinical and ultrasonic features of breast invasive ductal carcinoma in young women patients,and improve the accuracy of ultrasonic diagnosis of breast invasive ductal carcinoma in young patients.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on patients with invasive ductal carcinoma who underwent surgery in the Second Hospital of Shandong University from December 2015 to June 2023,with complete clinical data,preopera-tive ultrasonography and postoperative pathology.All patients were divided into two groups:young group(≤35 year-old)and control group(>35 year-old).Univariate t-test and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were used to assess the factors.Results:There was a statistical difference between the young group and the control group in the accuracy of ultrasound diagnosis(young group 81%vs control group 94%,χ2=13.082,P=0.001).Compared with the control group,the young group had a shorter disease history,a higher proportion of multiple masses,posterior echo changes and hypo-vascular lesions(P<0.05).However,there was no statistical difference in family history of breast cancer,other cancer family history,clinical symptoms,size,lesion classification,palpation,location,aspect ratio,focus echo,shape,edge per-formance,bright ring sign,calcification characteristics,ER,PR,HER-2 and Ki67(P>0.05).Conclusion:The incidence rate of young breast IDC is low,while the misdiagnosis rate of ultrasound is relatively high.More attention should be paid when the patient has a short history,multiple masses,changes in the posterior echo and less lesion blood supply.