Retinal vein occlusion(RVO)is often accompanied by macular edema(ME), which is the main cause of visual impairment in patients. From the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine theory, the key pathogenesis lies in Qi stagnation and blood stasis, as well as internal retention of water and dampness, which is closely related to the dysfunction of internal organs such as liver depression and qi stagnation, spleen failure to function properly, and kidney deficiency with water retention. Although anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)therapy has become the first-line treatment option for RVO-ME, some patients show a low response or no response to this therapy, resulting in recurrent ME. According to traditional Chinese medicine, such difficult-to-treat cases are often caused by long-term illness entering the meridians and the interplay of phlegm and blood stasis, or by deficiency of the body's vital energy and the lingering of pathogenic factors. Intervention should be carried out through therapeutic methods such as promoting blood circulation and diuresis, resolving phlegm and unblocking meridians, and strengthening the body's vital energy and eliminating pathogenic factors. At present, the pathogenesis of RVO-ME is not yet fully understood. Modern medicine believes that it may involve multiple factors such as retinal microstructure damage, abnormal blood flow and systemic diseases throughout the body, while traditional Chinese medicine emphasizes the overall connection between local lesions and the imbalance of Qi, blood, Yin and Yang throughout the body. This article systematically reviews the existing research achievements of traditional Chinese and Western medicine on RVO-ME, analyzes its possible high-risk factors, and provides a theoretical basis for formulating individualized treatment plans integrating the advantages of traditional Chinese and Western medicine for such patients.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the association between body mass index (BMI) and mortality based on the 10-year population-based multicenter prospective study. METHODS: A general population-based multicenter prospective study was conducted at four sites in rural China between 2013 and 2023. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic spline analyses were used to assess the association between BMI and mortality. Stratified analyses were performed based on the individual characteristics of the participants. RESULTS: Overall, 19,107 participants with a sum of 163,095 person-years were included and 1,910 participants died. The underweight (< 18.5 kg/m ²) presented an increase in all-cause mortality (adjusted hazards ratio [ aHR] = 2.00, 95% confidence interval [ CI]: 1.66-2.41), while overweight (≥ 24.0 to < 28.0 kg/m ²) and obesity (≥ 28.0 kg/m ²) presented a decrease with an aHR of 0.61 (95% CI: 0.52-0.73) and 0.51 (95% CI: 0.37-0.70), respectively. Overweight ( aHR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.67-0.86) and mild obesity ( aHR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.59-0.87) had a positive impact on mortality in people older than 60 years. All-cause mortality decreased rapidly until reaching a BMI of 25.7 kg/m ² ( aHR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92-0.98) and increased slightly above that value, indicating a U-shaped association. The beneficial impact of being overweight on mortality was robust in most subgroups and sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION This study provides additional evidence that overweight and mild obesity may be inversely related to the risk of death in individuals older than 60 years. Therefore, it is essential to consider age differences when formulating health and weight management strategies.
Humans ; Body Mass Index ; China/epidemiology* ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Rural Population/statistics & numerical data* ; Aged ; Follow-Up Studies ; Adult ; Mortality ; Cause of Death ; Obesity/mortality* ; Overweight/mortality*

OBJECTIVES: To assess the changes in body composition and nutritional risks faced by children with different stages of acute leukemia (AL). METHODS: Bioelectrical impedance analysis combined with anthropometric measurements was used to detect body composition. This prospective study was conducted from August 2023 to July 2024 at Shandong Provincial Hospital, examining the body composition and physical balance of children with various stages of AL and healthy children. RESULTS: The non-fat components of children with AL and healthy children both showed a linear increase with age. In the younger age group, there were no significant differences in body composition between children with AL and healthy children. However, in the older age group, the body composition of children undergoing chemotherapy for AL was significantly lower than that of healthy children (P<0.05), and muscle mass recovered first after the completion of AL chemotherapy. The proportion of children with increased trunk fat in AL children who completed chemotherapy was significantly lower than that in healthy children (P<0.05), while the incidence rate of severe left-right imbalance in body composition was significantly higher (P<0.05). Muscle distribution in children with AL primarily showed insufficient limb and overall muscle mass, whereas healthy children mainly exhibited insufficient upper limb muscle mass. CONCLUSIONS The body composition of children with AL varies at different treatment stages, indicating that nutritional status is affected by both the disease itself and the treatment. Early screening can provide a basis for reasonable nutritional intervention.
Humans ; Child ; Male ; Female ; Child, Preschool ; Body Composition ; Prospective Studies ; Adolescent ; Leukemia/metabolism* ; Infant ; Nutritional Status ; Acute Disease ; Electric Impedance

BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cardiac arrhythmia in the elderly. This study aimed to evaluate urban-rural disparities in its prevalence and management in elderly Chinese. METHODS: Consecutive participants aged ≥ 65 years attending outpatient clinics were enrolled for AF screening using handheld single-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) from April 2017 to December 2022. Each ECG rhythm strip was reviewed from the research team. AF or uninterpretable single-lead ECGs were referred for 12-lead ECG. Primary study outcome comparison was between rural and urban areas for the prevalence of AF. The Student's t-test was used to compare mean values of clinical characteristics between rural and urban participants, while the Pearson's chi-square test was used to compare between-group proportions. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the association between AF and various patient characteristics. RESULTS: The 29,166 study participants included 13,253 men (45.4%) and had a mean age of 72.2 years. The 7073 rural participants differed significantly (P ≤ 0.02) from the 22,093 urban participants in several major characteristics, such as older age, greater body mass index, and so on. The overall prevalence of AF was 4.6% (n = 1347). AF was more prevalent in 7073 rural participants than 22,093 urban participants (5.6% vs. 4.3%, P < 0.01), before and after adjustment for age, body mass index, blood pressure, pulse rate, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and prior medical history. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified overweight/obesity (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.17-1.54) in urban areas and cigarette smoking (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.20-2.17) and alcohol consumption (OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.04-1.93) in rural areas as specific risk factors for prevalent AF. In patients with known AF in urban areas (n = 781) and rural areas (n = 338), 60.6% and 45.9%, respectively, received AF treatment (P < 0.01), and only 22.4% and 17.2%, respectively, received anticoagulation therapy (P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In China, there are urban-rural disparities in AF in the elderly, with a higher prevalence and worse management in rural areas than urban areas. Our study findings provide insight for health policymakers to consider urban-rural disparity in the prevention and treatment of AF.

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) represents an emerging medical functional imaging technology, which operates by applying safe-to-human excitation currents through surface-mounted electrodes, measuring boundary voltages between electrodes, and selecting appropriate image reconstruction algorithms to visualize resistivity in tomographic cross-sections. Compared to traditional medical imaging techniques, EIT offers non-invasive and radiation-free operation, high sensitivity to tissue resistivity changes, and superior temporal resolution, meeting the real-time requirements of clinical dynamic condition monitoring. This paper comprehensively reviews the research status of brain EIT technology, systematically summarizes its advantages and technical limitations in perioperative applications, and prospectively forecasts future development directions of perioperative brain EIT based on current research foundations and clinical application demands, with the aim of providing methodological references for further optimization and clinical promotion of this technology.
Electric Impedance ; Tomography/methods* ; Humans ; Brain/diagnostic imaging*

Objective To analyze the specific reasons for the suspension and termination of domestic medical device clinical trial projects.Based on the analysis results,provide reference suggestions and improvement measures for all parties in-volved in the trials.Methods Data collection method was used to collect samples of domestic medical device clinical trials,and visits were made to multiple medical institutions.For projects that were suspended or terminated,specific reasons were obtained through on-site interviews with research teams and clinical trial institution staff,reviewing"Project Suspension/Termination Let-ters"stored in the investigator's folder,and telephone consultations with clinical research associates(CRAs)of the projects.A contract research organization(CRO)commercial company was also visited,and specific reasons for project suspension or termi-nation were obtained through on-site interviews or telephone consultations with project managers,CRA-related personnel,etc.Descriptive analysis was used to summarize the reasons for suspension and termination and their rates.Results Statistical analy-sis showed that the suspension and termination rate of medical device clinical trials in China was 17.30％,with a rate of 16.04％in samples collected from medical institutions and 21.30％in samples collected from CRO companies.The reasons leading to the overall suspension and termination of domestic medical device clinical trials included sponsor strategy adjustments,medical insti-tution or research team issues,product or design defects,switching to registration using data from similar products,trial result-re-lated factors,third-party service provider issues,other reasons,safety-related factors,pandemic reasons,regulatory updates,and difficulties in obtaining informed consent.Conclusion The reasons for the suspension and termination of domestic medical de-vice clinical trial projects are complex and diverse,with a statistical analysis showing a rate of 17.30％in China.

Objective To construct a nursing follow-up checklist for patients undergoing autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,providing a basis for postoperative follow-up care.Methods Using evidence-based methods,the literature from major guide websites and databases using Chinese and English search terms was retrieved,and their quality was evaluated.The relevant items were extracted,and a first draft was formed.15 experts were selected in relevant fields from 14 tertiary hospitals in 13 provinces,cities,and autonomous regions across the country for Delphi inquiry.The nursing follow-up checklist was revised again based on expert opinions and clinical practice.The nursing follow-up checklist was initially applied and then revised again to form the final draft.Results 15 experts include 12 undergraduate and 3 master's degree holders.The positivity coefficients of the 2 rounds of inquiry were 100％;the authority coefficients of the experts were 0.815;the Kendall coefficients were 0.119 and 0.144,respectively;the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.001).The final nursing follow-up checklist was formed,which includes 6 primary indicators,including physiological status,psychological status,social and family support,living conditions,disease knowledge,and laboratory tests.19 patients(95％)found the follow-up content to be comprehensive.The follow-up nurses's satisfaction rate exceeded 85％.There were 27 secondary indicators and 61 tertiary indicators,with coefficients of variation of all indicators less than 0.25.Conclusion The nursing follow-up checklist is scientific,reliable,and practical,which can provide a basis for clinical nursing staff to follow up and comprehensively manage patients after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Objective To analyze the specific reasons for the suspension and termination of domestic medical device clinical trial projects.Based on the analysis results,provide reference suggestions and improvement measures for all parties in-volved in the trials.Methods Data collection method was used to collect samples of domestic medical device clinical trials,and visits were made to multiple medical institutions.For projects that were suspended or terminated,specific reasons were obtained through on-site interviews with research teams and clinical trial institution staff,reviewing"Project Suspension/Termination Let-ters"stored in the investigator's folder,and telephone consultations with clinical research associates(CRAs)of the projects.A contract research organization(CRO)commercial company was also visited,and specific reasons for project suspension or termi-nation were obtained through on-site interviews or telephone consultations with project managers,CRA-related personnel,etc.Descriptive analysis was used to summarize the reasons for suspension and termination and their rates.Results Statistical analy-sis showed that the suspension and termination rate of medical device clinical trials in China was 17.30％,with a rate of 16.04％in samples collected from medical institutions and 21.30％in samples collected from CRO companies.The reasons leading to the overall suspension and termination of domestic medical device clinical trials included sponsor strategy adjustments,medical insti-tution or research team issues,product or design defects,switching to registration using data from similar products,trial result-re-lated factors,third-party service provider issues,other reasons,safety-related factors,pandemic reasons,regulatory updates,and difficulties in obtaining informed consent.Conclusion The reasons for the suspension and termination of domestic medical de-vice clinical trial projects are complex and diverse,with a statistical analysis showing a rate of 17.30％in China.

Objective To establish a high-performance liquid chromatography method to detect empagliflozin and related substances in empagliflozin bulk drug and tablets,and to provide technical support for quality control and unified monitoring of empagliflozin bulk drug and its tablets.Methods A liquid chromatography development system with the full factorial design of experiments and the Box-Behnken model was used to screen and optimize the chromatographic parameters.Related substances were detected in empagliflozin API and empagliflozin tablets from different companies with the optimized chromatographic parameters.Results The optimized chromatographic parameters were obtained:Shim-pack GIST C18-AQ column(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)was used,column temperature was 15 ℃,gradient elution with water-acetonitrile as mobile phase was as below,flow rate was 1.2 mL·min-1,detection wavelength was set at 224 nm.The specificity of the method is good,with recoveries ranging from 94.8％to 101.7％,and RSD ranging from 0.5％to 3.1％.The known single impurity in APIs and tablets is less than 0.05％,any other unknown single impurity is less than 0.06％,and the total amount of impurities are less than 0.3％.The related substances of supervised sampling are under good control.Conclusion The method is reliable and robust for determining related substances of empagliflozin and its tablets.