The phase changes and quantity-quality transfer of 17 batches of Ostreae Concha(Ostrea rivularis) during the raw material-calcined decoction pieces-standard decoction process were analyzed. The content of calcium carbonate(CaCO_3), the main component, was determined by chemical titration, and the extract yield and transfer rate were calculated. The CaCO_3 content in the raw material, calcined decoction pieces, and standard decoction was 94.39%-98.80%, 95.03%-99.22%, and 84.58%-90.47%, respectively. The process of raw material to calcined decoction pieces showed the yield range of 96.85% to 98.55% and the CaCO_3 transfer rate range of 96.92% to 99.27%. The process of calcined decoction pieces to standard decoction showed the extract yield range of 2.86% to 5.48% and the CaCO_3 transfer rate range of 2.59% to 5.13%. The results of X-ray fluorescence(XRF) assay showed that the raw material, calcined decoction pieces, and standard decoction mainly contained Ca, Na, Mg, Si, Br, Cl, Al, Fe, Cr, Mn, and K. The chemometric results showed an increase in the relative content of Cr, Fe, and Si from raw material to calcined decoction pieces and an increase in the relative content of Mg, Al, Br, K, Cl, and Na from calcined decoction pieces to standard decoction. X-ray diffraction(XRD) was employed to establish XRD characteristic patterns of the raw material, calcined decoction pieces, and standard decoction. The XRD results showed that the main phase of all three was calcite, and no transformation of crystalline form or generation of new phase was observed. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) was employed to establish the FTIR characteristic spectra of the raw material, calcined decoction pieces, and standard decoction. The FTIR results showed that the raw material had internal vibrations of O-H, C-H, C=O, C-O, and CO■ groups. Due to the loss of organic matter components after calcination, no information about the vibrations of C-H, C=O, and C-O groups was observed in the spectra of calcined decoction pieces and standard decoction. In summary, this study elucidated the quantity-quality transfer and phase changes in the raw material-calcined decoction pieces-standard decoction process by determining the CaCO_3 content, calculating the extract yield and transfer rate, and comparing the element changes, FTIR characteristic spectra, and XRD characteristic pattern. The results were reasonable and reliable, laying a foundation for the subsequent process research and quality control of the formula granules of calcined Ostreae Concha(O. rivularis Gould), and providing ideas and methods for the quality control of the whole process of raw material-decoction pieces-standard decoction-formula granules of Ostreae Concha and other testacean traditional Chinese medicine.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification* ; Calcium Carbonate/analysis* ; Quality Control

As a new type of production factor that can empower the development of new quality productivity, the data element is an important engine to promote the high quality development of the industry. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) dispensing is the most basic work of TCM clinical pharmacy, and its quality directly affects the clinical efficacy of TCM. The integration of data elements and TCM dispensing can stimulate the innovation and vitality of the TCM dispensing industry and promote the high-quality and sustainable development of the industry. A large-scale, detailed, and systematic study on TCM dispensing was conducted. The innovative practice path of data fusion construction in the whole process of TCM dispensing was investigated by integrating the digital resources "nine full activities" of TCM dispensing, creating the digital dictionary of "TCM clinical information data elements", and exploring innovative applications of TCM dispensing driven by data and technology, so as to promote the standardized, digital, and intelligent development of TCM dispensing in medical health services. The research content of this project was successfully selected as the second batch of "Data element×" typical cases of National Data Administration in 2024, which is the only selected case in the field of TCM.
Medicine, Chinese Traditional/methods* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Humans

Stem-leaf saponins from Panax notoginseng (SLSP) comprise numerous PPD-type saponins with diverse pharmacological properties; however, their role in Parkinson's disease (PD), characterized by microglia-mediated neuroinflammation, remains unclear. This study evaluated the effects of SLSP on suppressing microglia-driven neuroinflammation in experimental PD models, including the 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPTP)-induced mouse model and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV-2 microglia. Our findings revealed that SLSP mitigated behavioral impairments and excessive microglial activation in models of PD, including MPTP-treated mice. Additionally, SLSP inhibited the upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) and attenuated the phosphorylation of PI3K, protein kinase B (AKT), nuclear factor-κB (NFκB), and inhibitor of NFκB protein α (IκBα) both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, SLSP suppressed the production of inflammatory markers such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells. Notably, the P2Y2R agonist partially reversed the inhibitory effects of SLSP in LPS-treated BV-2 cells. These results suggest that SLSP inhibit microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in experimental PD models, likely through the P2Y2R/PI3K/AKT/NFκB signaling pathway. These novel findings indicate that SLSP may offer therapeutic potential for PD by attenuating microglia-mediated neuroinflammation.
Animals ; Panax notoginseng/chemistry* ; Saponins/pharmacology* ; Microglia/immunology* ; Mice ; NF-kappa B/immunology* ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/immunology* ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/genetics* ; Male ; Parkinson Disease/immunology* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Disease Models, Animal ; Plant Leaves/chemistry* ; Neuroinflammatory Diseases/drug therapy* ; Humans

L-tyrosine is one of the 20 amino acids that make up proteins and is an essential amino acid for mammals, often used as a nutritional supplement. The conventional methods for synthesizing L-tyrosine have some problems such as the production of many by-products, high requirements for production conditions, and environmental pollution. In this study, we designed and constructed a multi-enzyme cascade for the synthesis of L-tyrosine with alanine, glutamate, ammonium chloride, and phenol as substrates. Initially, the sources of glutamate oxidase, alanine aminotransferase, and tyrosine phenol lyase were screened and analyzed, which was followed by the identification of the rate-limiting enzyme in the reaction process. A colorimetric screening method was established, and the rate-limiting enzyme DbAlaA was engineered to enhance its activity by 40.0%. Subsequently, the reaction conditions, including temperature, pH, cell concentration, and surfactant and coenzyme dosages, were optimized. After optimization, the yield of L-tyrosine reached 9.93 g/L, with a alanine conversion rate of 54.90%. Finally, a feed-batch fermentation strategy was adopted, and the yield of L-tyrosine reached 56.07 g/L after 24 h, with a alanine conversion rate of 65.22%. This study provides a reference for the whole-cell catalytic synthesis of L-tyrosine and its industrialization.
Tyrosine/biosynthesis* ; Escherichia coli/metabolism* ; Tyrosine Phenol-Lyase/genetics* ; Multienzyme Complexes/metabolism* ; Fermentation

Objective In response to the practical issues of pilot ground simulation ejection training relying on subjective evaluation,which requires high professionalism and lacks objectivity and systematicity,an objective evaluation system and method for ejection training based on pressure detection has been designed.Methods According to the rules of ejection training about posture,maneuver and time,and utilizing technologies such as pressure detection,infrared detection,and time-triggered detection,this paper designed separate modules for ejection posture detection,ejection timing detection,and comprehensive analysis and evaluation.These modules are closely integrated with the ejection training process,achieving objective evaluation of the ejection training.Results This system and method can provide a scientific and real-time objective evaluation of the posture,movements,and time in ejection training without affecting the normal organization and process.Conclusion The objective evaluation system can provide a new approach that is highly objective and easy to operate for comprehensively evaluating and enhancing the effectiveness of ejection training,as well as for scientifically conducting ejection training and assessment.

Objective : To investigate the protective effect of total glucosides of paeony ( TGP) on dexamethasone(DEX) ⁃induced liver injury in rats. Methods: Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into normal ( N) , DEX ,DEX + TGP (50 mg/kg) , DEX + TGP ( 100 mg/kg) , and DEX + TGP (200 mg/kg) groups , with 6 rats in each group. A rat model of liver injury was established by intraperitoneal injection of DEX ( 17. 5 mg/kg) . Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase ( ALT) , aspartate aminotransferase ( AST) , and alkaline phosphatase ( ALP) were measured , and the liver⁃to⁃body weight ratio was calculated. HE staining was performed to observe histopathological changes in the liver. The contents of malondialdehyde ( MDA) , superoxide dismutase ( SOD) , and glutathione (GSH) in liver tissues were determined. Western blot analysis was conducted to detect the expression levels of NADPH oxidase 4 ( NOX4 ) and endoplasmic reticulum stress⁃related proteins : glucose regulatory protein 94 homologous protein (CHOP) expression level in liver tissues. Results: Compared with the normal group , the DEX group exhibited significantly elevated serum levels of ALT , AST , ALP and liver⁃to⁃body weight ratio ( t = 14. 96 ,ing, degeneration , and necrosis ( t = 15. 49 , P < 0. 01) . Compared with the DEX group , there was no significant change in liver function biochemical indexes and liver histopathology in the TGP (50 mg/kg) treatment group. TGP treatment at 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg significantly attenuated these effects : both doses reduced ALT , AST , ALP and liver⁃to⁃body weight ratio( t = 3. 30 , 4. 13 , 7. 45 , 2. 97 , P < 0. 05 ; t = 8. 92 , 6. 45 , 8. 65 , 7. 47 , P < 0. 01) ,vealed that DEX administration significantly increased hepatic MDA levels ( t = 7. 06 , P < 0. 01) and NOX4 ex⁃pression ( t = 4. 23 , P < 0. 01) , whereas SOD activity ( t = 7. 78 , P < 0. 01) and GSH content ( t = 7. 92 , P <0. 01) were markedly suppressed. There was no significant change in the TGP (50 mg/kg) treatment group , TGP intervention at 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg effectively reversed these changes , lowering MDA and NOX4 levels( t = 3. 35 , 4. 30 , P < 0. 05 ; t = 5. 44 , 7. 44 , P < 0. 01) , while restoring SOD ( t200 mg/kg = 4. 04 , P < 0. 05) and GSH ( t = 4. 70 , P < 0. 05 ; t = 5. 50 , P < 0. 01) . Endoplasmic reticulum stress markers , including GRP94、GRP78、p- elF2α、CHOP ( t = 3. 31 , 6. 53 , 5. 18 , 3. 09 ; P < 0. 05 , 0. 01 , 0. 01 , 0. 05 ) , were significantly upregulated in the DEX group compared to the normal group. However, TGP treatment at 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg dose-dependent- ly suppressed the expression of GRP94、GRP78、p-elF2α、CHOP ( t = 3. 14 ,4. 95 , 3. 13 ,4. 25 , P < 0. 05 ; t = 4. 03 , 7. 48 ,4. 68 ,5. 10 ,P < 0. 01) expression levels were significantly reduced compared to the DEX group , and there was no significant change in the TGP (50 mg/kg) treatment group. Conclusion TGP exerts protective effects a- gainst DEX-induced liver injury , and its mechanism is likely mediated by suppressing hepatic oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress triggered by DEX in rats.

OBJECTIVE: To block family transmission of a small fragment copy number variation (CNV) with combined 1 Mb resolution preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) and target region preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disease (PGT-M) strategies. METHODS: A couple who attended the Reproductive and Genetic Medicine Center of Dalian Women and Children's Medical Center (Group) in 2024 were selected as the study subject. Upon the woman's two pregnancies, ultrasound examination revealed fetal abnormalities, and CNV-seq based on low-depth whole genome sequencing revealed that both fetuses had carried a maternal 17p12 microduplication of approximately 1.43 Mb. Microduplication in this region has been associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A. In view of the fact that the resolution of conventional PGT-A detection cannot meet the requirement of small fragment CNV analysis, and conventional PGT-M assay cannot directly determine the CNV, two detection schemes were adopted. On the one hand, PGT-A testing with 1 Mb resolution was performed on the embryo to directly determine whether it carries the above microduplication. At the same time, the couple and their fetus were subjected to chromosomal typing scheme for the 17p12 region to indirectly identify embryos carrying the risk chromosome for microduplication. This study has been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Hospital (Ethics No: FEJT-KY-2025-51). RESULTS: Three embryos were tested after the first PGT cycle, of which 1 was not carrying the pathogenic variant and was euploid, whilst the other 2 embryos were carrying the 17p12 microduplication, and 1 of them was aneuploid. After genetic counseling, the euploid embryo without the 17p12 microduplication was selected for transfer, and prenatal diagnosis based on amniotic fluid sample showed that the fetal chromosomal karyotype was normal and did not carry the 17p12 microduplication. CONCLUSION The combined application of high-resolution PGT-A and PGT-M typing detection of the target region can effectively block family transmission of the CNVs of small fragments.
Humans ; Female ; DNA Copy Number Variations/genetics* ; Preimplantation Diagnosis/methods* ; Pregnancy ; Pedigree ; Genetic Testing/methods* ; Male ; Adult ; Aneuploidy ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17/genetics* ; China ; East Asian People

Bronchial asthma （asthma） is a heterogeneous disease characterized by airflow limitation， airway remodeling， and recurrent symptoms such as wheezing， shortness of breath， chest tightness， and cough. Its prevalence is gradually increasing， and a portion of patients are still poorly controlled， leading to a serious social and medical burden. Modern studies have proposed the concept of the "lung-gut axis"， which is based on the crosstalk between microorganisms and their metabolites in the lungs and large intestine， and have indicated that microbial dysbiosis in these organs may affect the onset and progression of asthma. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has found the phenomenon of lung-intestinal comorbidity and put forward the importance of "lung-intestinal coordination therapy" in the treatment of lung-related diseases. It has been found that intestinal flora and their metabolites can modulate immune responses through the lung-gut axis， demonstrating great potential for predicting asthma susceptibility， anticipating phenotypes， assessing asthma severity， and guiding treatment. TCM comopunds that embody lung-intestinal coordination therapy， including herbal formulas， single herbs， acupuncture， moxibustion， acupoint application， and spinal pinching therapy， has been shown to regulate intestinal flora， improve metabolism， regulate immunity， alleviate lung inflammation， reduce mucus secretion， inhibit airway remodeling， effectively alleviate symptoms， and delay lung function decline. Based on "lung-intestinal coordination therapy"， this paper used intestinal flora as the entry point to summarize the underlying mechanisms of TCM in asthma treatment and highlighted the pivotal role of intestinal flora in asthma， providing a new idea for its clinical treatment through the intestinal flora .

AIM To study the chemical constituents from Fomes officinalis(Vill.ex Fr.)Ames and their anti-inflammatory activities.METHODS The 95％ethanol extract from F.officinalis was isolated and purified by silica gel,Sephadex LH-20,HW-40C,MCI and semi-preparative HPLC,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.Their anti-inflammatory activities in vitro were evaluated by RAW264.7 model.RESULTS Twenty compounds were isolated and identified as asperginine A(1),laricinolic acid(2),methoxylaricinolic acid(3),fomeffic acid(4),19-acetoxy-13S-hydroxylabda-8(17),14-diene(5),bisbenzopyran(6),lariciresinol acetate(7),fomitopsin G(8),fomitopsin H(9),demalonyl fomitopsin H(10),fomlactone A(11),fomlactone B(12),fomefficinol A(13),fomefficinol B(14),laetiporins A(15),laetiporins B(16),dehydrosulphurenic acid(17),dehydroeburicoic acid(18),3-keto-dehydrosulfurenic acid(19),eburicoic acid(20).The IC50 values of compounds 7,13,20 were(4.00±1.02),(3.29±0.62),(3.22±0.94)μmol/L,respectively.CONCLUSION Compound 1 is a new compound,3,6,15,16 are isolated from this plant for the first time.Compounds 7,13,20 have strong anti-inflammatory activities.