Objective: To analyze the change trends in the body shape indicators and proportions of students in Harbin from 2010 to 2024, and to investigate ergonomic compatibility of functional dimensions of school desks and chairs with current student shape indicators, so as to provide a reference for revising furniture standards of desks and chairs. Methods: Between September and November of both 2010 and 2024, a combination of convenience sampling and stratified cluster random sampling was conducted across three districts in Harbin, yielding samples of 6 590 and 6 252 students, respectively. Anthropometric shape indicators cluding height, sitting height, crus length, and thigh length-and their proportional changes were compared over the 15-year period. The 2024 data were compared with current standard functional dimensions of school furniture. The statistical analysis incorporated t-test and Mann-Whitney U- test. Results: From 2010 to 2024, average height increased by 1.8 cm for boys and 1.5 cm for girls; sitting height increased by 1.5 cm for both genders; crus length increased by 0.3 cm for boys and 0.4 cm for girls; and thigh length increased by 0.5 cm for both genders. The ratios of sitting height to height, and sitting height to leg length increased by less than 0.1 . The difference between desk chair height and 1/3 sitting height ranged from 0.4-0.8 cm. Among students matched with size 0 desks and chairs, 22.0% had a desk to chair height difference less than 0, indicating that the desk to chair height difference might be insufficient for taller students. The differences between seat height and fibular height ranged from -1.4 to 1.1 cm; and the differences between seat depth and buttock popliteal length ranged from -9.8 to 3.4 cm. Among obese students, the differences between seat width and 1/2 hip circumference ranged from -20.5 to -8.7 cm, while it ranged from -12.2 to -3.8 cm among non obese students. Conclusion Current furniture standards basically satisfy hygienic requirements; however, in the case of exceptionally tall and obese students, ergonomic accommodations such as adaptive seating allocation or personalized adjustments are recommended to meet hygienic requirements.

Objective In response to the practical issues of pilot ground simulation ejection training relying on subjective evaluation,which requires high professionalism and lacks objectivity and systematicity,an objective evaluation system and method for ejection training based on pressure detection has been designed.Methods According to the rules of ejection training about posture,maneuver and time,and utilizing technologies such as pressure detection,infrared detection,and time-triggered detection,this paper designed separate modules for ejection posture detection,ejection timing detection,and comprehensive analysis and evaluation.These modules are closely integrated with the ejection training process,achieving objective evaluation of the ejection training.Results This system and method can provide a scientific and real-time objective evaluation of the posture,movements,and time in ejection training without affecting the normal organization and process.Conclusion The objective evaluation system can provide a new approach that is highly objective and easy to operate for comprehensively evaluating and enhancing the effectiveness of ejection training,as well as for scientifically conducting ejection training and assessment.

Bronchial asthma （asthma） is a heterogeneous disease characterized by airflow limitation， airway remodeling， and recurrent symptoms such as wheezing， shortness of breath， chest tightness， and cough. Its prevalence is gradually increasing， and a portion of patients are still poorly controlled， leading to a serious social and medical burden. Modern studies have proposed the concept of the "lung-gut axis"， which is based on the crosstalk between microorganisms and their metabolites in the lungs and large intestine， and have indicated that microbial dysbiosis in these organs may affect the onset and progression of asthma. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has found the phenomenon of lung-intestinal comorbidity and put forward the importance of "lung-intestinal coordination therapy" in the treatment of lung-related diseases. It has been found that intestinal flora and their metabolites can modulate immune responses through the lung-gut axis， demonstrating great potential for predicting asthma susceptibility， anticipating phenotypes， assessing asthma severity， and guiding treatment. TCM comopunds that embody lung-intestinal coordination therapy， including herbal formulas， single herbs， acupuncture， moxibustion， acupoint application， and spinal pinching therapy， has been shown to regulate intestinal flora， improve metabolism， regulate immunity， alleviate lung inflammation， reduce mucus secretion， inhibit airway remodeling， effectively alleviate symptoms， and delay lung function decline. Based on "lung-intestinal coordination therapy"， this paper used intestinal flora as the entry point to summarize the underlying mechanisms of TCM in asthma treatment and highlighted the pivotal role of intestinal flora in asthma， providing a new idea for its clinical treatment through the intestinal flora .

Objective To investigate the expression of serum tumor-associated antigens(TAAs)in patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA)and analyze their clinical significance for RA.Methods A total of 214 RA patients were enrolled in the RA group,while 198 age-and gender-matched healthy individuals were included in the HC group.Rheumatoid factor(RF),anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody(Anti-CCP),C-reactive protein(CRP),erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),interleu-kin-6(IL-6),ferritin levels,as well as gender,age,disease duration,disease activity score(DAS28)and clinical manifestations were collected from the RA group.The expression of TAAs in RA patients and the clinical characteristics of TAA-positive patients were analyzed.Spearman correla-tion analysis was used to evaluate the relationships between TAAs and clinical indicators in RA pa-tients.Results The positive rate of carbohydrate antigen 125(CA125)in the RA group was 8.88％,which was significantly higher than 1.01％ in the HC group(P＜0.001).Serum CA125 and cytok-eratin fragment 19(CYFRA21-1)levels in the RA group were significantly higher than those in the HC group,whereas alpha-fetoprotein(AFP),carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),carbohydrate anti-gen 199(CA199)and neuron-specific enolase(NSE)levels were significantly lower(P＜0.001).TAA-positive patients had significantly older age and higher rates of pulmonary interstitial lesions compared to TAA-negative patients(P＜0.05).Patients with DAS28 scores＞5.1 had significantly higher CA125 levels than those with DAS28 scores ≤5.1(P＜0.05).CA125 levelswere positively corre-lated with DAS28 scores,ESR,RF,and anti-CCP antibodies(r=0.142,0.140,0.268,0.183;P＜0.05).Conclusion In RA patients,the positivity rate and levels of some serum TAAs are ele-vated,and TAA-positive patients tend to be older and have higher incidence of pulmonary interstitial lesions.CA125 levels are positively correlated with RA disease activity.

Objective : To investigate the protective effect of total glucosides of paeony ( TGP) on dexamethasone(DEX) ⁃induced liver injury in rats. Methods: Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into normal ( N) , DEX ,DEX + TGP (50 mg/kg) , DEX + TGP ( 100 mg/kg) , and DEX + TGP (200 mg/kg) groups , with 6 rats in each group. A rat model of liver injury was established by intraperitoneal injection of DEX ( 17. 5 mg/kg) . Serum levels of alanine aminotransferase ( ALT) , aspartate aminotransferase ( AST) , and alkaline phosphatase ( ALP) were measured , and the liver⁃to⁃body weight ratio was calculated. HE staining was performed to observe histopathological changes in the liver. The contents of malondialdehyde ( MDA) , superoxide dismutase ( SOD) , and glutathione (GSH) in liver tissues were determined. Western blot analysis was conducted to detect the expression levels of NADPH oxidase 4 ( NOX4 ) and endoplasmic reticulum stress⁃related proteins : glucose regulatory protein 94 homologous protein (CHOP) expression level in liver tissues. Results: Compared with the normal group , the DEX group exhibited significantly elevated serum levels of ALT , AST , ALP and liver⁃to⁃body weight ratio ( t = 14. 96 ,ing, degeneration , and necrosis ( t = 15. 49 , P < 0. 01) . Compared with the DEX group , there was no significant change in liver function biochemical indexes and liver histopathology in the TGP (50 mg/kg) treatment group. TGP treatment at 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg significantly attenuated these effects : both doses reduced ALT , AST , ALP and liver⁃to⁃body weight ratio( t = 3. 30 , 4. 13 , 7. 45 , 2. 97 , P < 0. 05 ; t = 8. 92 , 6. 45 , 8. 65 , 7. 47 , P < 0. 01) ,vealed that DEX administration significantly increased hepatic MDA levels ( t = 7. 06 , P < 0. 01) and NOX4 ex⁃pression ( t = 4. 23 , P < 0. 01) , whereas SOD activity ( t = 7. 78 , P < 0. 01) and GSH content ( t = 7. 92 , P <0. 01) were markedly suppressed. There was no significant change in the TGP (50 mg/kg) treatment group , TGP intervention at 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg effectively reversed these changes , lowering MDA and NOX4 levels( t = 3. 35 , 4. 30 , P < 0. 05 ; t = 5. 44 , 7. 44 , P < 0. 01) , while restoring SOD ( t200 mg/kg = 4. 04 , P < 0. 05) and GSH ( t = 4. 70 , P < 0. 05 ; t = 5. 50 , P < 0. 01) . Endoplasmic reticulum stress markers , including GRP94、GRP78、p- elF2α、CHOP ( t = 3. 31 , 6. 53 , 5. 18 , 3. 09 ; P < 0. 05 , 0. 01 , 0. 01 , 0. 05 ) , were significantly upregulated in the DEX group compared to the normal group. However, TGP treatment at 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg dose-dependent- ly suppressed the expression of GRP94、GRP78、p-elF2α、CHOP ( t = 3. 14 ,4. 95 , 3. 13 ,4. 25 , P < 0. 05 ; t = 4. 03 , 7. 48 ,4. 68 ,5. 10 ,P < 0. 01) expression levels were significantly reduced compared to the DEX group , and there was no significant change in the TGP (50 mg/kg) treatment group. Conclusion TGP exerts protective effects a- gainst DEX-induced liver injury , and its mechanism is likely mediated by suppressing hepatic oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress triggered by DEX in rats.

AIM To study the chemical constituents from Fomes officinalis(Vill.ex Fr.)Ames and their anti-inflammatory activities.METHODS The 95％ethanol extract from F.officinalis was isolated and purified by silica gel,Sephadex LH-20,HW-40C,MCI and semi-preparative HPLC,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.Their anti-inflammatory activities in vitro were evaluated by RAW264.7 model.RESULTS Twenty compounds were isolated and identified as asperginine A(1),laricinolic acid(2),methoxylaricinolic acid(3),fomeffic acid(4),19-acetoxy-13S-hydroxylabda-8(17),14-diene(5),bisbenzopyran(6),lariciresinol acetate(7),fomitopsin G(8),fomitopsin H(9),demalonyl fomitopsin H(10),fomlactone A(11),fomlactone B(12),fomefficinol A(13),fomefficinol B(14),laetiporins A(15),laetiporins B(16),dehydrosulphurenic acid(17),dehydroeburicoic acid(18),3-keto-dehydrosulfurenic acid(19),eburicoic acid(20).The IC50 values of compounds 7,13,20 were(4.00±1.02),(3.29±0.62),(3.22±0.94)μmol/L,respectively.CONCLUSION Compound 1 is a new compound,3,6,15,16 are isolated from this plant for the first time.Compounds 7,13,20 have strong anti-inflammatory activities.

Spine fracture and dislocation are common traumatic spinal conditions that often require surgical intervention due to compromised spinal stability. Surgical approaches include anterior, posterior, and combined anterior-posterior spinal procedures. According to the specific surgical requirements, patients may be placed in the prone position or repositioned between prone and supine positions during surgery. Intraoperative repositioning has become an essential step in patient positioning. However, during repositioning, patients with spinal fracture and dislocation are at increased risk for complications such as hemodynamic instability, nerve injury, and pressure injuries to the skin and soft tissue. Notably, due to the instability of the spinal cord, even minor manipulations can further exacerbate the damage, potentially leading to severe outcomes like paraplegia. Although the current clinical guidelines provide instructive recommendations for standard position, there remains no specific protocols for intraoperative repositioning in patients with spine fracture and dislocation. With a concern for the lack of clinical studies on positioning techniques, risk prevention, and operational norms for special patients, no applicable guidelines or standards are available. A consensus was required to provide clinical reference, meet the requirements of surgical treatment, and minimize the safety risks of patients caused by improper placement of positions. Professional Committee of Operating Room Nursing of Shaanxi Nursing Association organized experts in nursing management and operating room nursing from major hospitals across China to formulate Expert consensus on intraoperative repositioning for patients with spinal fracture and dislocation ( version 2025). The consensus provides 11 recommendations covering pre-repositioning preparation, intraoperative maneuvers, and post-repositioning observation, aiming to provide references for clinical standardization of the intraoperative repositioning process and protection of patients′ safety.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of anlotinib neoadjuvant therapy for newly diagnosed locally advanced thyroid cancer (LATC).Methods:Twenty-four newly diagnosed LATC patients (10 males and 14 females, age (47.1±3.3) years) admitted to Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine were prospectively included from January 2023 to April 2024. Patients were given anlotinib neoadjuvant therapy (12mg/d, 2 weeks of medication, 1 week of discontinuation), and the efficacy of the treatment was evaluated by CT and multi-disciplinary treatment at the end of each treatment cycle. Patients assessed as suitable for surgery would be scheduled for surgery, while those who were not suitable for surgery would continue to receive neoadjuvant therapy and periodic evaluations. The primary endpoints were objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR), and the R0/1 resection rate and adverse events (AE) after neoadjuvant therapy were observed. Paired- t test was used to analyze the differences between groups, and the Clopper-Person accurate method was used to calculate the bilateral 95% CI of ORR and other indicators. Results:Twenty-four patients received 2(2, 3) cycles of neoadjuvant therapy with anlotinib, of which 23 underwent surgery after anlotinib therapy. After neoadjuvant therapy, the mean maximum diameter of target lesions decreased by 23.5%(95% CI: 2.8%-44.3%) compared with baseline ( t=9.22, P<0.001). The ORR and DCR were 37.5%(95% CI: 18.8%-59.4%) and 100%(95% CI: 85.8%-100%), respectively. About 91.7%(95% CI: 73.0%-99.0%) of patients eventually underwent R0/1 resection. Hand and foot skin reactions, hypertension, oral mucositis, and leukopenia were common AE; grade 4 and 5 AE were not observed. Conclusion:Anlotinib can be safely used as neoadjuvant therapy for newly diagnosed LATC patients with good antitumor effects, providing better surgical opportunities for R0/1 resection.

Objective:To block family transmission of a small fragment copy number variation (CNV) with combined 1 Mb resolution preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) and target region preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disease (PGT-M) strategies.Methods:A couple who attended the Reproductive and Genetic Medicine Center of Dalian Women and Children′s Medical Center (Group) in 2024 were selected as the study subject. Upon the woman′s two pregnancies, ultrasound examination revealed fetal abnormalities, and CNV-seq based on low-depth whole genome sequencing revealed that both fetuses had carried a maternal 17p12 microduplication of approximately 1.43 Mb. Microduplication in this region has been associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A. In view of the fact that the resolution of conventional PGT-A detection cannot meet the requirement of small fragment CNV analysis, and conventional PGT-M assay cannot directly determine the CNV, two detection schemes were adopted. On the one hand, PGT-A testing with 1 Mb resolution was performed on the embryo to directly determine whether it carries the above microduplication. At the same time, the couple and their fetus were subjected to chromosomal typing scheme for the 17p12 region to indirectly identify embryos carrying the risk chromosome for microduplication. This study has been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Hospital (Ethics No: FEJT-KY-2025-51).Results:Three embryos were tested after the first PGT cycle, of which 1 was not carrying the pathogenic variant and was euploid, whilst the other 2 embryos were carrying the 17p12 microduplication, and 1 of them was aneuploid. After genetic counseling, the euploid embryo without the 17p12 microduplication was selected for transfer, and prenatal diagnosis based on amniotic fluid sample showed that the fetal chromosomal karyotype was normal and did not carry the 17p12 microduplication.Conclusion:The combined application of high-resolution PGT-A and PGT-M typing detection of the target region can effectively block family transmission of the CNVs of small fragments.

The phase changes and quantity-quality transfer of 17 batches of Ostreae Concha(Ostrea rivularis) during the raw material-calcined decoction pieces-standard decoction process were analyzed. The content of calcium carbonate(CaCO_3), the main component, was determined by chemical titration, and the extract yield and transfer rate were calculated. The CaCO_3 content in the raw material, calcined decoction pieces, and standard decoction was 94.39%-98.80%, 95.03%-99.22%, and 84.58%-90.47%, respectively. The process of raw material to calcined decoction pieces showed the yield range of 96.85% to 98.55% and the CaCO_3 transfer rate range of 96.92% to 99.27%. The process of calcined decoction pieces to standard decoction showed the extract yield range of 2.86% to 5.48% and the CaCO_3 transfer rate range of 2.59% to 5.13%. The results of X-ray fluorescence(XRF) assay showed that the raw material, calcined decoction pieces, and standard decoction mainly contained Ca, Na, Mg, Si, Br, Cl, Al, Fe, Cr, Mn, and K. The chemometric results showed an increase in the relative content of Cr, Fe, and Si from raw material to calcined decoction pieces and an increase in the relative content of Mg, Al, Br, K, Cl, and Na from calcined decoction pieces to standard decoction. X-ray diffraction(XRD) was employed to establish XRD characteristic patterns of the raw material, calcined decoction pieces, and standard decoction. The XRD results showed that the main phase of all three was calcite, and no transformation of crystalline form or generation of new phase was observed. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) was employed to establish the FTIR characteristic spectra of the raw material, calcined decoction pieces, and standard decoction. The FTIR results showed that the raw material had internal vibrations of O-H, C-H, C=O, C-O, and CO■ groups. Due to the loss of organic matter components after calcination, no information about the vibrations of C-H, C=O, and C-O groups was observed in the spectra of calcined decoction pieces and standard decoction. In summary, this study elucidated the quantity-quality transfer and phase changes in the raw material-calcined decoction pieces-standard decoction process by determining the CaCO_3 content, calculating the extract yield and transfer rate, and comparing the element changes, FTIR characteristic spectra, and XRD characteristic pattern. The results were reasonable and reliable, laying a foundation for the subsequent process research and quality control of the formula granules of calcined Ostreae Concha(O. rivularis Gould), and providing ideas and methods for the quality control of the whole process of raw material-decoction pieces-standard decoction-formula granules of Ostreae Concha and other testacean traditional Chinese medicine.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification* ; Calcium Carbonate/analysis* ; Quality Control