ObjectiveThis paper aims to observe the syndrome improvement and negative antigen conversion rate of Qingxuan Daozhi formula in the treatment of influenza in children （heat accumulation in the lung and stomach syndrome）. MethodsThrough a multi-center randomized controlled methodology design，confirmed influenza cases were collected from October 2022 to April 2023 in the pediatrics department of eight hospitals，such as Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. A total of 180 children with influenza and heat accumulation in the lung and stomach syndrome conforming to the standard were recruited through the clinic. The sick children meeting the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into groups by a block-randomized method. The children in the experimental group were treated with Qingxuan Daozhi formula for five days，and those in the control group were treated with Oseltamivir Phosphate Granules for five days. The primary efficacy indicator was the negative conversion rate of influenza antigen detection. Secondary efficacy indicators were the Canadian acute respiratory illness and flu scale （CARIFS） and the incidence of complications，severe cases， and critical cases. Follow-up observation was conducted on the day of enrollment，48 hours after medication，72 hours after medication， and （6+1） d after medication. ResultsOne hundred and eighty participants were randomly assigned to the experimental group （90 cases） or the control group （90 cases）. All participants were followed up during the study. Comparison of influenza antigen detection results in the primary efficacy indicators showed that the average time of negative influenza antigen conversion in the experimental group was （5.29±1.25） d，and that in the control group was （5.40±1.68） d，without a statistically significant difference. After five days of intervention，52 cases in the experimental group and 51 cases in the control group converted to negative，without a statistically significant difference. CARIFS score results in the secondary efficacy indicators showed that during 72 hours after intervention，there were statistically significant differences between the experimental group and the control group in three dimensions， including headache，muscle soreness， and the need for extra care （P<0.05）. On the （6+1） days after the intervention，the differences in both the experimental group and the control group were statistically significant in 10 dimensions， including sore throat，bad sleep，uncomfortable feeling，poor spirit and fatigue，crying more than usual，the need for extra care，symptom，function，influence on parents，and total score （P<0.05）. The comparison results within the group in the dimensional scores of symptom， function， and influence on parents，as well as the CARIFS total score showed that with the delay of follow-up time，scores of both groups decreased significantly，with a statistically significant difference （P<0.01）. Inter-group comparison results showed that the mean score of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group at the time of enrollment. With the progress of intervention，the score of the experimental group was significantly decreased compared with that of the control group. At the end of follow-up，the mean score of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group，with no statistically significant difference. In terms of the incidence of complications，severe cases， and critical cases， there were no complications，severe cases， and critical cases in the two groups，without a statistically significant difference. ConclusionThe symptom improvement effect and negative antigen conversion rate of Qingxuan Daozhi formula in the treatment of influenza in children （heat accumulation in the lung and stomach syndrome） are not inferior to Oseltamivir Phosphate granules， and children's acceptance is better. It can be more widely used in clinical treatment of influenza in children （heat accumulation in the lung and stomach syndrome）.

Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of gouty arthritis in Northwest China from 2023 to 2025, and to formulate preventive intervention measures. Methods By retrospectively analyzing the case data of medical institutions in Northwest China from January 2023 to June 2025 (a total of 8 139 cases), the incidence trend and population distribution characteristics of gouty arthritis in this area were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors. Results From 2023 to 2025, the prevalence rate of gouty arthritis in adult residents in Northwest China was 3.74% (304/8 139). Among the sites affected by gouty arthritis, the metatarsophalangeal joint accounted for the highest proportion (P<0.05). From the perspective of age distribution, the prevalence rate was the highest in 40-59 years old group (5.90%), followed by 66-80 years old group (4.21%) and >80 years old group (2.75%). The incidence rate in 40-65 years old group was higher than that in the other age groups (P<0.05). High blood uric acid and creatinine, alcohol drinking, obesity, high purine diet, concurrent chronic kidney disease and metabolic syndrome were risk factors affecting gouty arthritis in Northwest China (P<0.05). Conclusion High blood uric acid level, high creatinine level, alcohol drinking, obesity, high purine diet, concurrent chronic kidney disease and metabolic syndrome are risk factors influencing gouty arthritis in Northwest China. Based on the above factors, this study proposes comprehensive prevention strategies from the individual, community and public health levels to provide a scientific basis for reducing the incidence rate of gouty arthritis.

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism by which Tianxiang pills （TXP） alleviates myocardial cell pyroptosis in the rat model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion （I/R） injury through modulating the reactive oxygen species （ROS）/cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-1 （Caspase-1）/gasdermin D （GSDMD） signaling pathway. MethodsA total of 54 SPF-grade adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into six groups （n=9）： sham （thoracotomy only without ligation）， I/R （left anterior descending coronary artery ligation for 30 min followed by reperfusion）， NAC （positive control， N-acetylcysteine， 150 mg·kg^-1， by gavage）， low-dose Tianxiang pills （TXP-L， 2.5 g·kg^-1， by gavage）］， medium-dose Tianxiang pills （TXP-M， 5 g·kg^-1， by gavage）， and high-dose Tianxiang pills （TXP-H， 10 g·kg^-1， by gavage）. The fluorescent probe method was employed to measure the ROS level. Biochemical assay kits were employed to determine the Caspase-1 activity， superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity， malondialdehyde （MDA） content， and glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px） activity. Myocardial infarct size was assessed by 2，3，5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride （TTC） staining. Western blot analysis was performed to evaluate the expression levels of proteins in the ROS/Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway， including GSDMD， cleaved Caspase-1/Caspase-1 ratio， the N-terminal domain of GSDMD （GSDMD-N）， and the p22-phox subunit of the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate （NADPH） oxidase complex. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was utilized to determine the concentration of interleukin-1β （IL-1β）. Transmission electron microscopy （TEM） was employed to observe mitochondrial structure and to score the degree of mitochondrial swelling. ResultsCompared with the Sham group， the I/R group exhibited elevated the levels of ROS， Caspase-1 activity， GSDMD expression， IL-1β concentration， MDA content， infarct area， mitochondrial swelling score， cleaved Caspase-1/Caspase-1， GSDMD-N， and p22phox and decreased activities of SOD and GSH-Px （P<0.05）. Compared with the I/R group， NAC and different doses of TXP significantly reduced the ROS level， Caspase-1 activity， GSDMD expression， IL-1β concentration， MDA content， infarct area， and mitochondrial swelling score. Moreover， they downregulated the expression of cleaved Caspase-1/Caspase-1， GSDMD-N， and p22phox and increased the activities of SOD and GSH-Px （P<0.05）. Furthermore， TXP exerted effects on ROS， MDA， SOD， GSH-Px， Caspase-1 activity， GSDMD expression， IL-1β concentration， cleaved Caspase-1/Caspase-1， GSDMD-N， p22phox， infarct area， and mitochondrial swelling score in a dose-dependent manner （P<0.05）. ConclusionTianxiang pills alleviates myocardial I/R injury by mitigating oxidative stress and cell pyroptosis through the inhibition of the ROS/Caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE To explore comprehensive management and potential issues associated with long-term prescriptions medications of psychiatry， in order to provide a reference for the comprehensive management of long-term prescriptions of psychiatry in psychiatric hospitals and other medical institutions’ pharmacies. METHODS Starting from the applicable principles for long-term prescriptions of psychiatry， this study introduced the standardized assessment and precautions before issuing long-term prescriptions， the formulation and adjustment of the drug list， as well as the rational management of the long-term prescriptions. It also analyzed potential issues that may arise in the comprehensive management of long-term prescription medications and proposed corresponding countermeasures and suggestions. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS Prior to initiating long-term prescriptions， a standardized assessment should be conducted on patients from the aspects of their psychiatric condition and long-term potential risk factors， pharmacological treatment plans and other non-pharmacological therapies， physical illnesses. Additionally， healthcare providers should fulfill their obligation to inform patients or their family members. The comprehensive management of long-term prescription medications should be jointly established and improved by multiple departments， and the formulation of drug catalogs should avoid including drugs with potential social harm or medication risks while complying with policy requirements. Furthermore， measures such as adding special identifiers to long-term prescriptions， providing patients with reminders about （No.YGLX202537） prescription expiration， or offering online consultations can also effectively enhance the rationality of medication use under long-term prescriptions. Currently， the implementation of long-term prescriptions in psychiatry remains challenged by inconsistencies in prescription duration， incomplete coverage of diagnostic categories， poor patient adherence， and the risk of deviation in clinical assessments. In this regard， measures such as collaborating with multiple departments to strengthen long-term prescription information management， providing matching pharmaceutical services， ensuring the quality and rationality of long-term prescription implementation， and using modern methods to screen high-risk patients can be taken to improve patient medication compliance and safety.

ObjectiveTo systematically review the association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） and depression， and to provide a basis for synergistic management in clinical practice. MethodsThis study was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines， with the PROSPERO registration number of CRD42023482013. PubMed， Embase， the Cochrane Library， Web of Science， CNKI， Wanfang Data， VIP， and CBM were searched for articles on the association between NAFLD and depression published up to November 1， 2024. The articles were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria， and related data were extracted. RevMan 5.3 was used to perform the Meta-analysis. ResultsA total of 18 studies were included， involving 396 793 participants. Among these studies， 12 discussed the influence of NAFLD on depression， involving 224 269 participants， among whom there were 75 574 patients with NAFLD. The Meta-analysis showed that NAFLD was significantly associated with the risk of depression （odds ratio ［OR］=1.21， 95% confidence interval ［CI］： 1.12 — 1.30， P0.001）. Six studies examined the influence of depression on NAFLD， involving 172 524 participants， among whom there were 29 368 patients with depression. The meta-analysis showed that depression caused a significant increase in the risk of NAFLD （OR=1.13， 95%CI： 1.05 — 1.22， P=0.001）. ConclusionThere is a significant bidirectional association between NAFLD and depression. It is recommended to perform the screening for depression and enhance mental health monitoring in patients with NAFLD， and metabolic function assessment and exercise intervention should be performed for patients with depression.

Germplasm degeneration occurs during the long-term cultivation of root-and rhizome-derived traditional Chinese medicine(RR-TCM), which seriously restricts the high-quality development of their industry. Therefore, it is urgent to solve the problem of germplasm degeneration through variety breeding. In this paper, based on previously published research articles, monographs, and news reports, the research progresses on the number and origins, breeding methods, and selection of new varieties of RR-TCM listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(Edition 2020) were summarized and analyzed. The results show that there are 169 kinds of RR-TCM listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(Edition 2020), originated from 223 origins with three breeding methods(i.e., seed propagation, vegetative reproduction, and tissue culture), and there are 215 species derived from seed propagation, 177 species derived from vegetative reproduction, and 164 species derived from tissue culture. To date, there are 62 origins breeding new varieties through conventional breeding, cross breeding, mutation breeding, ploidy breeding, or modern biotechnology breeding methods, including 57 origins breeding 145 new varieties through conventional breeding, 10 origins breeding 43 new varieties through mutation breeding, and seven origins breeding 12 new varieties through cross breeding method. They are used mainly to improve yield, disease resistance, and active ingredient content, but only a few new varieties have been widely used. This review will provide useful references in variety breeding, quality breeding, and standardized planting of RR-TCM.
Plant Breeding/methods* ; Plant Roots/growth & development* ; Rhizome/growth & development* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Plants, Medicinal/classification* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Haematitum and Limonitum are two iron-containing mineral medicines included in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. They have similar main components and major differences in their property, flavor, channel tropism, and clinical uses. In this study, we investigated the surface properties, mineral composition, mineral dissociation, elemental composition, and iron state of Haematitum and Limonitum to explore their mineralogical differences. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM), specific surface and porosity analyzer, X-ray diffractometer(XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer(XPS), and advanced mineral identification and characterization system(AMICS) were used to analyze the mineralogy of Haematitum and Limonitum. The results showed that Haematitum had an angular surface with granular attachments and a specific surface area of 17.04 m~2·g~(-1). In comparison, Limonitum had a smooth and flat surface with a bundled acicular crystal structure and a specific surface area of 46.29 m~2·g~(-1). Haematitum consists of 31 detectable minerals containing 18 elements, with the major element, iron(44.5% Fe~(2+) and 55.5% Fe~(3+)) distributed in 17 minerals, including hematite, iron oxide, knebelite, siderite, and magnesioferrite. Limonitum consists of 32 detectable minerals containing 17 elements, with the major element, iron(14.5% Fe~(2+) and 85.5% Fe~(3+)) distributed in 19 minerals, including limonite, iron oxide, chlorite, and knebelite. In summary, the elemental composition of Haematitum and Limonitum does not differ greatly, but there are large differences in the mineral composition and iron state. The large specific surface area and strong adsorption capacity of Limonitum may be one of the mechanisms of its anti-diarrheal action. The Fe_2O_3 and illite contained in Haematitum and Limonitum may be the key substances for their hemostasis effects. The mineralogical differences are expected to provide a reference for explaining the scientific connotation of mineral medicine and laying a material foundation for studying its mechanism of action.
Iron/analysis* ; Minerals/chemistry* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; X-Ray Diffraction ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Photoelectron Spectroscopy

[Objective] : To systematically evaluate the overall efficacy of external application of traditional Chinese medicine (EA-TCM) in combination with oral three-step analgesic ladder therapy for patients suffering from cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP). [Methods] : We conducted a literature search of randomized controlled trials on the combination of EA-TCM and three-step analgesic ladder therapy for CIBP across ten databases and two registration systems. It included four Chinese databases [Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (SinoMed), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, and China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP) ], six English databases (Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and OpenGrey), and two registration systems (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry and ClinicalTrials.gov). The timeframe for the literature search extended from the inception of each database to December 31, 2023. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan (v5.4.1), and the outcome indicators (pain relief rate, analgesic duration, quality of life, pain intensity, breakthrough pain frequency, and adverse reactions) were graded using GRADE profiler (v3.6). [Results] : According to the established inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 43 studies was deemed eligible, involving 3 142 participants with CIBP. The results of meta-analysis showed that compared with oral three-step analgesic ladder therapy alone, the combined therapy of EA-TCM and three-step analgesic ladder has a significant improvement in pain relief rate [risk ratio (RR) = 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.24 to 1.41, P < 0.000 01], analgesic duration [mean difference (MD) = 1.33, 95% CI: 0.97 to 1.69, P < 0.000 01], and quality of life (MD = 5.66, 95% CI: 4.88 to 6.44, P < 0.000 01). Furthermore, the combined therapy significantly reduced pain intensity (MD = – 1.00, 95% CI: – 1.19 to – 0.80, P < 0.000 01), breakthrough pain frequency (MD = – 0.43, 95% CI: – 0.51 to – 0.36, P < 0.000 01), and adverse reactions (RR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.53 to 0.68, P < 0.000 01) in CIBP patients. Based on the GRADE assessment, the level of evidence varied from low to moderate. [Conclusion] EA-TCM combined with the three-step analgesic ladder therapy can effectively alleviate pain symptoms in patients with CIBP and improve their quality of life. Additionally, the EA-TCM can effectively reduce the incidence of adverse reactions associated with three-step analgesic therapy.