OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the association between body mass index (BMI) and mortality based on the 10-year population-based multicenter prospective study. METHODS: A general population-based multicenter prospective study was conducted at four sites in rural China between 2013 and 2023. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic spline analyses were used to assess the association between BMI and mortality. Stratified analyses were performed based on the individual characteristics of the participants. RESULTS: Overall, 19,107 participants with a sum of 163,095 person-years were included and 1,910 participants died. The underweight (< 18.5 kg/m ²) presented an increase in all-cause mortality (adjusted hazards ratio [ aHR] = 2.00, 95% confidence interval [ CI]: 1.66-2.41), while overweight (≥ 24.0 to < 28.0 kg/m ²) and obesity (≥ 28.0 kg/m ²) presented a decrease with an aHR of 0.61 (95% CI: 0.52-0.73) and 0.51 (95% CI: 0.37-0.70), respectively. Overweight ( aHR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.67-0.86) and mild obesity ( aHR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.59-0.87) had a positive impact on mortality in people older than 60 years. All-cause mortality decreased rapidly until reaching a BMI of 25.7 kg/m ² ( aHR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92-0.98) and increased slightly above that value, indicating a U-shaped association. The beneficial impact of being overweight on mortality was robust in most subgroups and sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION This study provides additional evidence that overweight and mild obesity may be inversely related to the risk of death in individuals older than 60 years. Therefore, it is essential to consider age differences when formulating health and weight management strategies.
Humans ; Body Mass Index ; China/epidemiology* ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Rural Population/statistics & numerical data* ; Aged ; Follow-Up Studies ; Adult ; Mortality ; Cause of Death ; Obesity/mortality* ; Overweight/mortality*

AIM:To establish methods for the isolation,identification,primary culture and evaluation of gas-tric smooth muscle cells(GSMC)from rat and mouse.METHODS:Thirty SD rats and thirty C57BL/6 mice were random-ly assigned into three groups,with 10 rats or mice in each group.Three parallel experiments were conducted to isolate pri-mary GSMC under aseptic conditions.The isolated cells were identified through morphological observation,immunofluo-rescence and Western blot.Flow cytometry was employed to analyze the purity of the cells.Additionally,trypan blue ex-clusion test was utilized to evaluate the viability of the cells after resuscitation.RESULTS:Isolated rat and mouse GSMC exhibited a fusiform or polygonal morphology.Immunofluorescence and Western blot results demonstrated the expression of α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA).Flow cytometry showed that the positive expression rate of α-SMA was 99.6%in rat GSMC and 97.4%in mouse GSMC.Moreover,the viability rates of rat and mouse GSMC after cryopreservation were found to be greater than 97%.CONCLUSION:A stable and reliable method for the isolation,culture and evaluation of primary GSMC from rat and mouse has been established.

AIM:To establish methods for the isolation,identification,primary culture and evaluation of gas-tric smooth muscle cells(GSMC)from rat and mouse.METHODS:Thirty SD rats and thirty C57BL/6 mice were random-ly assigned into three groups,with 10 rats or mice in each group.Three parallel experiments were conducted to isolate pri-mary GSMC under aseptic conditions.The isolated cells were identified through morphological observation,immunofluo-rescence and Western blot.Flow cytometry was employed to analyze the purity of the cells.Additionally,trypan blue ex-clusion test was utilized to evaluate the viability of the cells after resuscitation.RESULTS:Isolated rat and mouse GSMC exhibited a fusiform or polygonal morphology.Immunofluorescence and Western blot results demonstrated the expression of α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA).Flow cytometry showed that the positive expression rate of α-SMA was 99.6%in rat GSMC and 97.4%in mouse GSMC.Moreover,the viability rates of rat and mouse GSMC after cryopreservation were found to be greater than 97%.CONCLUSION:A stable and reliable method for the isolation,culture and evaluation of primary GSMC from rat and mouse has been established.

Background:Gastric cancer is a malignant tumor originating from the gastric mucosal epithelium.OLGA/OLGIM staging systems are scoring systems for gastric mucosal atrophy and intestinal metaplasia based on gastroscopic pathology.Serum pepsinogen(PG)and PG Ⅰ/PG Ⅱ ratio(PGR)can reflect the gastric mucosal function and status.Studying the relationship between PG and OLGA/OLGIM stages and the changing trends is of great value for early screening of gastric cancer.Aims:To explore the relationship between serum PG and OLGA/OLGIM stages,and its application value in screening of early gastric cancer.Methods:A total of 188 healthy individuals underwent gastroscopy from June 2021 to June 2023 at Shanghai Health and Medical Center were selected.The serum PG level was measured,and the status of Helicobacter pylori(Hp)infection was evaluated.OLGA/OLGIM stages were assessed according to the findings of gastroscopic pathology,and correlated with the serum PG level.After two years of follow-up,changes of PG and PGR in subjects with different baseline OLGA/OLGIM stages were analyzed.Results:There were significant differences in PG Ⅰand PGR among subjects with various baseline OLGA/OLGIM stages(P＜0.05).OLGA/OLGIM stages were correlated with Hp infection,family history of malignant gastrointestinal tumors and spicy diet(P＜0.05).The incidences of gastric mucosal atrophy in PG Ⅰ ≤70 μg/L group and PGR≤3.0 group were significantly higher than those in PG Ⅰ＞70 μg/L group and PGR＞3.0 group,respectively(P＜0.05).The follow-up results showed that for baseline OLGA/OLGIM stage 0,PG Ⅰ showed a decreasing trend over time,while no significant change of PG Ⅰ was found in other OLGA/OLGIM stages;PG Ⅱ showed a decreasing trend while PGR showed an increasing trend over time in all stages.But all these trends were not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Conclusions:The combined detection of PG and Hp infection has important value in evaluating the severity of chronic atrophic gastritis and the risk of gastric cancer.It can be applied as an early screening project for gastric cancer in individuals undergoing physical examination.

Objective:To assess the value of serum tumor specific protein 70 (SP70) for prognostic stratification in acute myeloid leukemia (AML).Methods:A cohort study design was adopted. 129 newly diagnosed AML patients from September 2022 to January 2024 at the Hematology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were included, as well as a control group consisted of 120 healthy individuals and 7 cases with benign hematologic diseases during the same period (total 127 cases). Clinical data were collected from Electronic Medical Records. According to the 2023 edition of the Chinese Leukemia Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines, AML patients with good or moderate prognosis were categorized as low-to-intermediate risk, while those with poor prognosis were high-risk group. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify variables significantly associated with AML prognostic risk. ROC analysis was used to evaluate diagnostic performance. A nomogram for predicting patient prognostic risk was constructed by R 4.0.2 software, and the internal validation was performed using bootstrapping.Results:Among 129 AML patients, there were 71 males (55.0%) and 58 females (45.0%), with 42 (32.6%) classified as high-risk and 87 (67.4%) as low-intermediate risk. The high-risk group had a significantly higher median age [62 (48, 67) years] compared to the low-intermediate risk group [50 (35, 63) years, Z=-2.381, P=0.017], and a significantly higher proportion of males (30 patients, 71.4%) compared to the low-intermediate risk group (41 patients, 47.1%, χ 2=6.760, P=0.009). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that serum SP70 ( OR=2.54, 95% CI: 1.68-3.84, P<0.001), hemoglobin (HB) ( OR=0.96, 95% CI: 0.93-0.99, P<0.05), and bone marrow blast (BM blast) ( OR=1.07, 95% CI: 1.02-1.13, P<0.05) were independent risk factors for high-risk prognosis in AML patients. ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) for SP70 predicting high-risk patients was 0.908 (cut-off value of 5.74 ng/ml, 95% CI: 0.845-0.952, sensitivity 90.5%, specificity 82.8%). The combined model of serum SP70, HB, and BM blasts had an AUC of 0.931 (95% CI: 0.890-0.973); C-index=0.925 (95% CI: 0.876-0.963),with no statistically significant difference compared to serum SP70 alone ( Z=1.693, P>0.05). Conclusion:Serum SP70 may be a promising non-invasive molecular biomarker for prognostic stratification in AML.

Objective:To assess the value of serum tumor specific protein 70 (SP70) for prognostic stratification in acute myeloid leukemia (AML).Methods:A cohort study design was adopted. 129 newly diagnosed AML patients from September 2022 to January 2024 at the Hematology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were included, as well as a control group consisted of 120 healthy individuals and 7 cases with benign hematologic diseases during the same period (total 127 cases). Clinical data were collected from Electronic Medical Records. According to the 2023 edition of the Chinese Leukemia Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines, AML patients with good or moderate prognosis were categorized as low-to-intermediate risk, while those with poor prognosis were high-risk group. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify variables significantly associated with AML prognostic risk. ROC analysis was used to evaluate diagnostic performance. A nomogram for predicting patient prognostic risk was constructed by R 4.0.2 software, and the internal validation was performed using bootstrapping.Results:Among 129 AML patients, there were 71 males (55.0%) and 58 females (45.0%), with 42 (32.6%) classified as high-risk and 87 (67.4%) as low-intermediate risk. The high-risk group had a significantly higher median age [62 (48, 67) years] compared to the low-intermediate risk group [50 (35, 63) years, Z=-2.381, P=0.017], and a significantly higher proportion of males (30 patients, 71.4%) compared to the low-intermediate risk group (41 patients, 47.1%, χ 2=6.760, P=0.009). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that serum SP70 ( OR=2.54, 95% CI: 1.68-3.84, P<0.001), hemoglobin (HB) ( OR=0.96, 95% CI: 0.93-0.99, P<0.05), and bone marrow blast (BM blast) ( OR=1.07, 95% CI: 1.02-1.13, P<0.05) were independent risk factors for high-risk prognosis in AML patients. ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) for SP70 predicting high-risk patients was 0.908 (cut-off value of 5.74 ng/ml, 95% CI: 0.845-0.952, sensitivity 90.5%, specificity 82.8%). The combined model of serum SP70, HB, and BM blasts had an AUC of 0.931 (95% CI: 0.890-0.973); C-index=0.925 (95% CI: 0.876-0.963),with no statistically significant difference compared to serum SP70 alone ( Z=1.693, P>0.05). Conclusion:Serum SP70 may be a promising non-invasive molecular biomarker for prognostic stratification in AML.

Near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS) combined with band screening method and modeling algorithm can be used to achieve the rapid and non-destructive detection of the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) production process. This paper focused on the ginkgo leaf macroporous resin purification process, which is the key technology of Yinshen Tongluo Capsules, in order to achieve the rapid determination of quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin in effluent. The abnormal spectrum was eliminated by Mahalanobis distance algorithm, and the data set was divided by the sample set partitioning method based on joint X-Y distances(SPXY). The key information bands were selected by synergy interval partial least squares(siPLS); based on that, competitive adaptive reweighted sampling(CARS), successive projections algorithm(SPA) and Monte Carlo uninformative variable(MC-UVE) were used to select wavelengths to obtain less but more critical variable data. With selected key variables as input, the quantitative analysis model was established by genetic algorithm joint extreme learning machine(GA-ELM) algorithm. The performance of the model was compared with that of partial least squares regression(PLSR). The results showed that the combination with siPLS-CARS-GA-ELM could achieve the optimal model performance with the minimum number of variables. The calibration set correlation coefficient R_c and the validation set correlation coefficient R_p of quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin were all above 0.98. The root mean square error of calibration(RMSEC), the root mean square error of prediction(RMSEP) and the relative standard errors of prediction(RSEP) were 0.030 0, 0.029 2 and 8.88%, 0.041 4, 0.034 8 and 8.46%, 0.029 3, 0.027 1 and 10.10%, respectively. Compared with the PLSR me-thod, the performance of the GA-ELM model was greatly improved, which proved that NIRS combined with GA-ELM method has a great potential for rapid determination of effective components of TCM.
Algorithms ; Ginkgo biloba ; Least-Squares Analysis ; Plant Leaves ; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared

ObjectiveTo investigate whether low-intensity focused ultrasound can trigger the intracellular cavitation of the doxorubicin-loaded polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer （PLGA） nanoparticles and then enhance the death of 4T1 breast cancer cells. MethodsThe doxorubicin-loaded PLGA nano-bubbles were prepared by double emulsification solvent evaporation method. 4T1 breast cancer cells were divided into intracellular drug release group， extracellular drug release group， traditional drug delivery group， ultrasound alone group and control group. In each group， flow cytometry， cell counting kit-8 （CCK8） and scratch assay were used to detect the cell death， proliferation and invasion， respectively. ResultsThe average intensity of red fluorescence in the nuclei of the ultrasound group was higher than that of the control group and the difference was statistically significant （t=16.627， P<0.001）. The cumulative drug release of PLGA encapsulated doxorubicin at 3， 5， 7， 24 and 48 h in the ultrasound group were all higher than those in the control group and the differences were statistically significant （P<0.001）. The cell viability， cell proliferation and 24 h scratch pixel area in the intracellular drug release group， extracellular drug release group and traditional drug delivery group were all lower than those in the control group， with the results in the intracellular drug release group significantly lower than those in other groups. All the differences were statistically significant （P<0.001）. ConclusionsThe intracellular drug release triggered by low-intensity focused ultrasound through intracellular cavitation is more effective in enhancing the death of 4T1 tumor cells than the extracellular drug release triggered by low-intensity focused ultrasound and traditional drug delivery methods.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical features and outcome of neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in southwest Hubei, China. METHODS: According to the Montreux definition of neonatal ARDS, a retrospective clinical epidemiological investigation was performed on the medical data of neonates with ARDS who were admitted to Department of Neonatology/Pediatrics in 17 level 2 or level 3 hospitals in southwest Hubei from January to December, 2017. RESULTS: A total of 7 150 neonates were admitted to the 17 hospitals in southwest Hubei during 2017 and 66 (0.92%) were diagnosed with ARDS. Among the 66 neonates with ARDS, 23 (35%) had mild ARDS, 28 (42%) had moderate ARDS, and 15 (23%) had severe ARDS. The main primary diseases for neonatal ARDS were perinatal asphyxia in 23 neonates (35%), pneumonia in 18 neonates (27%), sepsis in 12 neonates (18%), and meconium aspiration syndrome in 10 neonates (15%). Among the 66 neonates with ARDS, 10 neonates (15%) were born to the mothers with an age of ≥35 years, 30 neonates (45%) suffered from intrauterine distress, 32 neonates (49%) had a 1-minute Apgar score of 0 to 7 points, 24 neonates (36%) had abnormal fetal heart monitoring results, and 21 neonates (32%) experienced meconium staining of amniotic fluid. Intraventricular hemorrhage was the most common comorbidity (12 neonates), followed by neonatal shock (9 neonates) and patent ductus arteriosus (8 neonates). All 66 neonates with ARDS were treated with mechanical ventilation in addition to the treatment for primary diseases. Among the 66 neonates with ARDS, 10 died, with a mortality rate of 15% (10/66), and 56 neonates were improved or cured, with a survival rate of 85% (56/66). CONCLUSIONS Neonatal ARDS in southwest Hubei is mostly mild or moderate. Perinatal asphyxia and infection may be the main causes of neonatal ARDS in this area. Intraventricular hemorrhage is the most common comorbidity. Neonates with ARDS tend to have a high survival rate after multimodality treatment.
China ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Meconium Aspiration Syndrome ; Pregnancy ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn ; Retrospective Studies

BACKGROUND: It is important to determine prognostic factors for the outcome of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) at an early stage. The time taken for symptoms to spread from spinal or bulbar regions to both (time to generalization; TTG) is considered a strong predictor of survival; however, this has rarely been studied in Asian populations. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate potential factors affecting prognosis in Chinese patients with sporadic ALS, with a focus on the association between TTG and overall survival. METHODS: Seventy-one patients with sporadic ALS who were hospitalized at Chinese PLA General Hospital from 2009 to 2016 were followed up until December 2017. Survival analysis was performed using univariate Kaplan-Meier log-rank and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. The clinical data of the patients were recorded and analyzed. Variables studied were age at symptom onset, sex, site of symptom onset, diagnostic latency, TTG, diagnostic category, ALS Functional Rating Scale-revised score, percent predicted forced vital capacity (FVC%), and disease progression rate (DPR) at diagnosis. RESULTS: The mean age at onset was 54 (SD = 10.2) years, and the median survival time from symptom onset was 41 months (95% confidence interval: 34-47). By univariate analysis, factors independently affecting survival were age at symptom onset (Log rank = 15.652, P < 0.0001), TTG (Log rank = 14.728, P < 0.0001), diagnostic latency (Log rank = 11.997, P = 0.001), and DPR (Log rank = 6.50, P = 0.011). In the Cox multivariate model, TTG had the strongest impact on survival time (hazard ratio = 0.926, P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS TTG can be used as an effective indicator of prognosis in patients with sporadic ALS.
Adult ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ; pathology ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Retrospective Studies