Chronic hepatitis B （CHB） is a significant public health issue worldwide. The persistent presence of covalently closed circular DNA of the hepatitis B virus （HBV） and the integration of the viral genome are the main obstacles limiting the achievement of virological cure in CHB. Functional cure has now become an important goal in antiviral therapy for CHB， and its accurate determination and efficacy prediction rely on a comprehensive assessment of multidimensional diagnostic markers. This article systematically reviews the research advances in diagnostic markers associated with functional cure in CHB， focusing on the clinical value of serological and virological indicators （HBsAg quantification and HBV DNA）， genomic， transcriptomic， proteomic， and metabolomic markers， and indicators associated with host innate immunity and adaptive immunity. Furthermore， it discusses future research directions such as the establishment of unified detection standards and the construction of predictive models combining multiple markers， in order to promote the precise assessment and individualized management of functional cure in CHB.

Objective:To evaluate the short-and medium-term therapeutic efficacy of shockwave balloon therapy for TASCⅡ C/D femoropopliteal artery atherosclerosis obliteration.Methods:This retrospective cohort study included 25 patients who received shockwave balloon therapy in five vascular centers from August 2022 to June 2023. All patients were diagnosed with TASC Ⅱ C/D femoropopliteal arteriosclerosis obliterans (13 cases of type C and 12 cases of type D), and underwent intravascular shock wave lithotripsy (IVL) to treat calcified lesions. The immediate effectiveness (residual stenosis<30% and no flow-limiting dissection), safety (whether there were adverse vascular events during the operation) and the rate of salvage stent implantation were recorded. The observation indexes of patients before operation, early postoperative period (immediately after operation or before discharge) and postoperative follow-up period (3, 6, 12 months after operation) were collected. The observation indexes included ankle-brachial index (ABI), Rutherford classification, and minimum lumen diameter (MLD). Repeated measures ANOVA was used to evaluate the changes of observation indexes in the early postoperative and follow-up stages compared with those before operation; Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to evaluate the one-stage patency rate at follow-up and the target lesion revascularization rate free from clinical drive.Results:The immediate effectiveness of surgery was 100% in all patients, with no vascular related adverse events occurred, and no remedial stent implantation was performed. The ABI, Rutherford grade and MLD of the patients in the early postoperative period and each follow-up stage were improved compared with those before operation, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the primary patency rate at 12 months after surgery was 0.78 (95% CI 0.64-0.84), and the revascularization rate of target lesions free from clinical drive was 0.87 (95% CI 0.85-0.95). Conclusion:Shockwave balloon therapy for complex calcified femoropopliteal artery lesions is safe and reliable, with satisfactory short-and medium-term efficacy.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2.1 (PI-RADS v2.1) score combined with PSA density (PSAD) in the diagnosis of clinically significant prostate cancer (CSPCa) in the PSA grey zone by MRI-TRUS cognitive fusion-guided transperineal targeted prostate biopsy. METHODS: This retrospective study included 327 male patients with total PSA (tPSA) levels of 4-10 μg/L undergoing MRI-TRUS cognitive fusion-guided transperineal targeted prostate biopsy in our hospital between January 2021 and December 2023. According to the pathological results, we divided the patients into a CSPCa (n = 44) and a non-CSPCa group (n = 283), collected their clinical and imaging data, and subjected them to statistical analysis. RESULTS: The age, tPSA level, PSAD and PI-RADS score were significantly higher, while the free PSA (fPSA) level, f/tPSA ratio and prostate volume remarkably lower in the CSPCa than in the non-CSPCa group (P<0.05). The areas under the curve (AUCs) of PSAD, PI-RADS score and their combination were 0.772, 0.730 and 0.801, with sensitivities of 63.63%, 70.45% and 72.73%, and specificities of 84.10%, 75.62% and 83.75%, respectively (P<0.01). With PSAD 0.2 μg/(ml·cm3) as the best cut-off value and based on the PI-RADS scores, the patients were divided into two groups for analysis. In the patients with PI-RADS scores 2 and 5, the AUCs were 0.534 and 0.643, with sensitivities of 16.67% and 63.64%, and specificities of 85.14% and 64.29%, with no statistically significant differences (P= 0.784, P= 0.228), and in those with PI-RADS scores 3 and 4, the AUCs were 0.794 and 0.843, with sensitivities of 57.14% and 80.00%, and specificities of 87.14% and 81.82%, with statistically significant differences (P= 0.009, P<0.001). CONCLUSION PI-RADS v2.1 score combined with PSAD can effectively improve the diagnostic efficiency of CSPCa in the PSA grey zone by MRI-TRUS cognitive fusion-guided transperineal targeted prostate biopsy and serve as a guide for selection of prostate biopsy.
Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging* ; Retrospective Studies ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Image-Guided Biopsy ; Prostate/pathology* ; Aged ; Middle Aged

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.05.019.].

Delirium is a common cause and complication of hospitalization in the elderly and is associated with higher risk of future dementia and progression of existing dementia, of which 70% is Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD and delirium, which are known to be aggravated by one another, represent significant societal challenges, especially in light of the absence of effective treatments. The intricate biological mechanisms have led to numerous clinical trial setbacks and likely contribute to the limited efficacy of existing therapeutics. Artificial intelligence (AI) presents a promising avenue for overcoming these hurdles by deploying algorithms to uncover hidden patterns across diverse data types. This review explores the pivotal role of AI in revolutionizing drug discovery for AD and delirium from target identification to the development of small molecule and protein-based therapies. Recent advances in deep learning, particularly in accurate protein structure prediction, are facilitating novel approaches to drug design and expediting the discovery pipeline for biological and small molecule therapeutics. This review concludes with an appraisal of current achievements and limitations, and touches on prospects for the use of AI in advancing drug discovery in AD and delirium, emphasizing its transformative potential in addressing these two and possibly other neurodegenerative conditions.

Objective:To evaluate the predictive performance of machine learning methods for predicting the risk of death in traumatic hemorrhage, and address the low prediction accuracy of traditional trauma scores, provide a reference for developing a more robust prediction method for severe trauma patients.Methods:Clinical data of severe trauma patients from the National Trauma Medical Center between April 1, 2023, and March 31, 2024 were collected. ElasticNet, Recursive Feature Elimination, and Mutual Information-based feature selection methods were used to screen variables and compared with traditional hypothesis testing methods. Built the prediction models for mortality risk in traumatic hemorrhage using Logistic Regression, ElasticNet, and Support Vector Machine (SVM) and compared the predictive performance.Results:The study included 5,601 trauma patients, the results of the variable screening and importance ranking were consistent with three feature selection methods. The classification accuracy and AUC values for the three models were as follows: Overall accuracy was 83.2%, survival accuracy was 84.0%, death accuracy was 76.3%, and an AUC was 0.86 in logistic regression; Overall accuracy was 78.9%, survival accuracy was 78.5%, death accuracy was 81.7%, and an AUC was 0.88 in ElasticNet; Overall accuracy was 84.7%, survival accuracy was 86.1%, death accuracy was 72.4%, and an AUC was 0.86 in SVM. The prediction performance of three models is quite little.Conclusion:Machine learning methods can effectively improve the prediction of death risk for traumatic hemorrhage,and has wide applications.

Objective:To explore the potential categories of transformation shock levels among newly employed nurses and their influencing factors, in order to provide references for implementing targeted interventions.Methods:In March and April 2024, a convenience sampling method was used to select 208 nurses undergoing standardized training at Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, as the study subjects. The Transformation Shock Evaluation Scale, the Chinese Registered Nurse Core Competency Scale, and the Work Confidence and Ability Scale were used for data collection. Latent profile analysis was employed to identify the potential categories of transformation shock levels among newly employed nurses, and multinomial Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors for different categories.Results:A total of 208 questionnaires were distributed, with 195 valid ones returned, yielding an effective response rate of 93.75%. The overall transformation shock score of the 195 newly employed nurses was (2.10±0.84), the career core competency score was (179.30±35.32), and the work confidence and ability score was (80.01±10.64). The transformation shock levels of the newly employed nurses were divided into four categories: high transformation shock-negative coping group (22.56%, 44/195), moderate transformation shock-psychological barrier group (29.23%, 57/195), lower transformation shock-high communication effectiveness group (36.41%, 71/195), and low transformation shock-high coping ability group (11.79%, 23/195). Logistic regression analysis showed that education level, clinical nursing ability, leadership, communication, critical thinking and research ability were influencing factors for the different categories of transformation shock levels among newly employed nurses ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The transformation shock levels among newly employed nurses exhibit distinct categorical characteristics. Nursing education and management personnel should provide targeted training based on the influencing factors of different categories to reduce the level of transformation shock.

Objective:To explore the current status and influencing factors of the core competencies of nursing interns based on a mixed-methods approach, with the goal of providing a reference for the reform of high-quality teaching models and the enhancement of nursing students' core competencies.Methods:An explanatory sequential research design of mixed-methods research was adopted. Using convenience sampling, 105 nursing interns who were on clinical practice at Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, from July to August 2022, were selected as participants. A general information questionnaire and a core competency scale for nursing students were used for data collection, and multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors influencing the core competencies. From September to October 2022, purposive sampling was used to select six nursing interns for semi-structured interviews. Thematic framework analysis was used to extract opinions, categorize inferences, and summarize themes.Results:The overall average score of the core competencies of the 105 nursing interns was (6.11±0.74). The highest mean score was for the "moral and responsibility" dimension, which was (6.36±0.93), while the lowest was for the "clinical biomedical science" dimension, with a mean score of (5.21±1.04). Parental recognition of the nursing profession was identified as a factor influencing the core competencies ( P<0.05). The qualitative interviews yielded three themes: the teaching ability of instructors directly impacts the enhancement of interns' core competencies; professional identity influences nursing interns' motivation to improve core competencies; clinical practice is an effective way to enhance the core competencies of nursing interns. Conclusions:In this study, the core competencies of nursing interns were found to be at a moderately high level, influenced by various factors. Insufficient teaching resources and clinical practice opportunities are objective factors affecting the development of core competencies. The ability of interns to gain recognition of the nursing profession through external or self-practice and gradually build professional confidence is an intrinsic motivation for the development of core competencies.

The etiology of nervous system diseases is complicated, posing significant harm to patients and often resulting in poor prognoses. In recent years, the role of dopaminergic system in nervous system diseases has attracted much attention, and its complex regulatory mechanism and therapeutic potential have been gradually revealed. This paper reviews the role of dopaminergic neurons, the neurotransmitter dopamine, dopamine receptors and dopamine transporters in neurological diseases (including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia), with a view to further elucidating the disease mechanism and providing new insights and strategies for the treatment of neurological diseases.
Humans ; Dopamine/metabolism* ; Nervous System Diseases/physiopathology* ; Parkinson Disease/physiopathology* ; Receptors, Dopamine/metabolism* ; Dopaminergic Neurons/physiology* ; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism* ; Alzheimer Disease/physiopathology* ; Schizophrenia/physiopathology* ; Animals

OBJECTIVE To explore comprehensive management and potential issues associated with long-term prescriptions medications of psychiatry， in order to provide a reference for the comprehensive management of long-term prescriptions of psychiatry in psychiatric hospitals and other medical institutions’ pharmacies. METHODS Starting from the applicable principles for long-term prescriptions of psychiatry， this study introduced the standardized assessment and precautions before issuing long-term prescriptions， the formulation and adjustment of the drug list， as well as the rational management of the long-term prescriptions. It also analyzed potential issues that may arise in the comprehensive management of long-term prescription medications and proposed corresponding countermeasures and suggestions. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS Prior to initiating long-term prescriptions， a standardized assessment should be conducted on patients from the aspects of their psychiatric condition and long-term potential risk factors， pharmacological treatment plans and other non-pharmacological therapies， physical illnesses. Additionally， healthcare providers should fulfill their obligation to inform patients or their family members. The comprehensive management of long-term prescription medications should be jointly established and improved by multiple departments， and the formulation of drug catalogs should avoid including drugs with potential social harm or medication risks while complying with policy requirements. Furthermore， measures such as adding special identifiers to long-term prescriptions， providing patients with reminders about （No.YGLX202537） prescription expiration， or offering online consultations can also effectively enhance the rationality of medication use under long-term prescriptions. Currently， the implementation of long-term prescriptions in psychiatry remains challenged by inconsistencies in prescription duration， incomplete coverage of diagnostic categories， poor patient adherence， and the risk of deviation in clinical assessments. In this regard， measures such as collaborating with multiple departments to strengthen long-term prescription information management， providing matching pharmaceutical services， ensuring the quality and rationality of long-term prescription implementation， and using modern methods to screen high-risk patients can be taken to improve patient medication compliance and safety.