Blue light inactivation technology, particularly at the 405 nm wavelength, has demonstrated distinct and multifaceted mechanisms of action against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, offering a promising alternative to conventional antibiotic therapies. For Gram-positive pathogens such as Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), the bactericidal effects are primarily mediated by endogenous porphyrins (e.g., protoporphyrin III, coproporphyrin III, and uroporphyrin III), which exhibit strong absorption peaks between 400-430 nm. Upon irradiation, these porphyrins are photoexcited to generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), including singlet oxygen, hydroxyl radicals, and superoxide anions, which collectively induce oxidative damage to cellular components. Early studies by Endarko et al. revealed that (405±5) nm blue light at 185 J/cm² effectively inactivated L. monocytogenes without exogenous photosensitizers, supporting the hypothesis of intrinsic photosensitizer involvement. Subsequent work by Masson-Meyers et al. demonstrated that 405 nm light at 121 J/cm² suppressed MRSA growth by activating endogenous porphyrins, leading to ROS accumulation. Kim et al. further elucidated that ROS generated under 405 nm irradiation directly interact with unsaturated fatty acids in bacterial membranes, initiating lipid peroxidation. This process disrupts membrane fluidity, compromises structural integrity, and impairs membrane-bound proteins, ultimately causing cell death. In contrast, Gram-negative bacteria such as Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Helicobacter pylori, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii exhibit more complex inactivation pathways. While endogenous porphyrins remain central to ROS generation, studies reveal additional photodynamic contributors, including flavins (e.g., riboflavin) and bacterial pigments. For instance, H. pylori naturally accumulates protoporphyrin and coproporphyrin mixtures, enabling efficient 405 nm light-mediated inactivation without antibiotic resistance concerns. Kim et al. demonstrated that 405 nm light at 288 J/cm² inactivates Salmonella by inducing genomic DNA oxidation (e.g., 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine formation) and disrupting membrane functions, particularly efflux pumps and glucose uptake systems. Huang et al. highlighted the enhanced efficacy of pulsed 405 nm light over continuous irradiation for E. coli, attributing this to increased membrane damage and optimized ROS generation through frequency-dependent photodynamic effects. Environmental factors such as temperature, pH, and osmotic stress further modulate susceptibility, sublethal stress conditions (e.g., high salinity or acidic environments) weaken bacterial membranes, rendering cells more vulnerable to subsequent ROS-mediated damage. The 405 nm blue light inactivates drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa through endogenous porphyrins, pyocyanin, and pyoverdine, with the inactivation efficacy influenced by bacterial growth phase and culture medium composition. Intriguingly, repeated 405 nm exposure (20 cycles) failed to induce resistance in A. baumannii, with transient tolerance linked to transient overexpression of antioxidant enzymes (e.g., superoxide dismutase) or stress-response genes (e.g., oxyR). For Gram-positive bacteria, porphyrin abundance dictates sensitivity, whereas in Gram-negative species, membrane architecture and accessory pigments modulate outcomes. Critically, ROS-mediated damage is nonspecific, targeting DNA, proteins, and lipids simultaneously, thereby minimizing resistance evolution. The 405 nm blue light technology, as a non-chemical sterilization method, shows promise in medical and food industries. It enhances infection control through photodynamic therapy and disinfection, synergizing with red light for anti-inflammatory treatments (e.g., acne). In food processing, it effectively inactivates pathogens (e.g., E. coli, S. aureus) without altering food quality. Despite efficacy against multidrug-resistant A. baumannii, challenges include device standardization, limited penetration in complex materials, and optimization of photosensitizers/light parameters. Interdisciplinary research is needed to address these limitations and scale applications in healthcare, food safety, and environmental decontamination.

The characteristic features of dissociative conversion disorder entail a partial or complete loss of normal integration in memory,identity awareness,immediate sensation,and motor control.This article documents a case of the disorder presenting with an onset of depressive mood,diminished interest,and facial tics,subsequently accompanied by intermittent fainting spells with limb convulsions.Despite multiple consultations in both general hospitals and psychiatric settings,and despite treatment with various antidepressants and antiepileptic medications,the patient's symptoms showed no significant improvement.The report of this case deepens the understanding of a complex and commonly misdiagnosed condition,offering valuable insights for the diagnosis and treatment of patients exhibiting similar symptoms.

Background:Gastric cancer is a malignant tumor originating from the gastric mucosal epithelium.OLGA/OLGIM staging systems are scoring systems for gastric mucosal atrophy and intestinal metaplasia based on gastroscopic pathology.Serum pepsinogen(PG)and PG Ⅰ/PG Ⅱ ratio(PGR)can reflect the gastric mucosal function and status.Studying the relationship between PG and OLGA/OLGIM stages and the changing trends is of great value for early screening of gastric cancer.Aims:To explore the relationship between serum PG and OLGA/OLGIM stages,and its application value in screening of early gastric cancer.Methods:A total of 188 healthy individuals underwent gastroscopy from June 2021 to June 2023 at Shanghai Health and Medical Center were selected.The serum PG level was measured,and the status of Helicobacter pylori(Hp)infection was evaluated.OLGA/OLGIM stages were assessed according to the findings of gastroscopic pathology,and correlated with the serum PG level.After two years of follow-up,changes of PG and PGR in subjects with different baseline OLGA/OLGIM stages were analyzed.Results:There were significant differences in PG Ⅰand PGR among subjects with various baseline OLGA/OLGIM stages(P＜0.05).OLGA/OLGIM stages were correlated with Hp infection,family history of malignant gastrointestinal tumors and spicy diet(P＜0.05).The incidences of gastric mucosal atrophy in PG Ⅰ ≤70 μg/L group and PGR≤3.0 group were significantly higher than those in PG Ⅰ＞70 μg/L group and PGR＞3.0 group,respectively(P＜0.05).The follow-up results showed that for baseline OLGA/OLGIM stage 0,PG Ⅰ showed a decreasing trend over time,while no significant change of PG Ⅰ was found in other OLGA/OLGIM stages;PG Ⅱ showed a decreasing trend while PGR showed an increasing trend over time in all stages.But all these trends were not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Conclusions:The combined detection of PG and Hp infection has important value in evaluating the severity of chronic atrophic gastritis and the risk of gastric cancer.It can be applied as an early screening project for gastric cancer in individuals undergoing physical examination.

The construction of close-knit county medical communities is an initiative to promote primary care in counties and practice Healthy China.The internal and external environments with uncertainty,variability,and complexity threaten the survival space and integration mode of the medical establishment in the close-knit county medical communities,and the resource-based capabilities and static core capabilities can no longer fully meet the survival and development needs of the medical and health institutions in the compact county medical communities in the dynamic environment.It proposes a conceptual framework for the dynamic capabilities of medical and health institutions in compact county medical and health communities,clarifies that the dynamic capabilities of medical and health institutions are divided into four core dimensions,namely,perception capability,learning capability,coordination capability,and integration capability,and analyses the mechanism of the evolution of the dynamic capabilities of medical and health institutions in compact county medical and health communities in conjunction with the SECI model,and finally proposes to do a good job in the top-level design of the medical community policy,to form the external"push"of the dynamic capabilities,and to use the SECI model as a basis for the development of the dynamic capabilities.thrust,enhance the resource coordination and integration capacity with medical community information technology as a push,and enhance the enhancement strategy to improve the dynamic capacity of medical and health institutions with the focus on the construction of health human resources.

The construction of close-knit county medical communities is an initiative to promote primary care in counties and practice Healthy China.The internal and external environments with uncertainty,variability,and complexity threaten the survival space and integration mode of the medical establishment in the close-knit county medical communities,and the resource-based capabilities and static core capabilities can no longer fully meet the survival and development needs of the medical and health institutions in the compact county medical communities in the dynamic environment.It proposes a conceptual framework for the dynamic capabilities of medical and health institutions in compact county medical and health communities,clarifies that the dynamic capabilities of medical and health institutions are divided into four core dimensions,namely,perception capability,learning capability,coordination capability,and integration capability,and analyses the mechanism of the evolution of the dynamic capabilities of medical and health institutions in compact county medical and health communities in conjunction with the SECI model,and finally proposes to do a good job in the top-level design of the medical community policy,to form the external"push"of the dynamic capabilities,and to use the SECI model as a basis for the development of the dynamic capabilities.thrust,enhance the resource coordination and integration capacity with medical community information technology as a push,and enhance the enhancement strategy to improve the dynamic capacity of medical and health institutions with the focus on the construction of health human resources.

Objective To examine the impact of arid climates on distribution of Oncomelania hupensis snails in the Poyang Lake area, so as to provide insights into precision control of O. hupensis snails in the Poyang Lake area. Methods O. hupensis snails-infested grass islands in Hukou County, Lianxi District and Lushan City in the northern Poyang Lake area, and Jinxian County, Nanchang County and Poyang County in the southern Poyang Lake area were selected as the study areas, and the occurrence of frames with living snails and the mean density of living snails were captured from snail surveys in the study areas in spring and autumn each year from 2006 to 2023. Five years 2007, 2011, 2013, 2019 and 2022 were selected as drought years, and the mean daily water levels were collected at the Xingzi hydrological station in the drought years, normal flow year (2012) and flood year (2020). The numbers of days with water levels ranging from the lower elevation (11 m) to the upper elevation (16 m) for snail survival and the numbers of days with water levels of 11 m and below were collected in the Poyang Lake area, and the changes of snail indicators were compared in different grass islands in the Poyang Lake area before and after drought. Results The numbers of days with water levels ranging from 11 to 16 m were 110, 88, 136 d and 125 d at the Xingzi hydrological station in four drought years 2007, 2011, 2013 and 2019, which were less than in the flow year and flood year, and the days with water levels of 11 m and below were 242, 277, 220 d and 198 d in four drought years 2007, 2011, 2013 and 2019, which were longer than in the flow year and flood year. A total of 416 snails-infested marshlands were surveyed in the Poyang Lake area from 2006 to 2021, and the survey marshlands accounted for 43.12% (307/712) and 46.98% (109/232) of total marshlands in the southern and northern Poyang Lake areas, respectively. The median occurrence of frames with living snails and mean density of living snails were 0.60% (interquartile range, 4.04%) and 0.010 1 snail/0.1 m² (interquartile range, 0.076 1 snail/0.1 m²) in drought years, which were both lower than those [1.33% (5.19%) and 0.022 8 (0.098 9) snail/0.1 m²] in non-drought years (χ²= 42.170 and 44.911, both P values < 0.01). The proportion of grass islands with a continuous decline in snail indicators was higher in the southern Poyang Lake area than in the northern Poyang Lake area after the next year of drought (24.24% vs. 2.33%; χ² = 10.633, P < 0.01), and the proportion of grass islands with rebounding snail indicators was higher in the northern Poyang Lake area than in the southern Poyang Lake area (53.49% vs. 15.76%; χ² = 26.966, P < 0.01). A longitudinal analysis of snail indicators in marshlands with rebounding snail indicators after drought showed 1 to 5 years for return to pre-drought snail status, with a median of 2 (interquartile range, 1) years, and snail status was more likely to rebound if the occurrence of frames with living snails and the mean density of living snails were 2.11% and 0.025 5 snail/0.1 m² and greater in snails-infested grass islands. Conclusions Drought causes a remarkable decline in O. hupensis snail indicators in the Poyang Lake area, with a more remarkable impact in the southern Poyang Lake area, and 1 to 5 years are required for return to pre-drought snail status.

The construction of close-knit county medical communities is an initiative to promote primary care in counties and practice Healthy China.The internal and external environments with uncertainty,variability,and complexity threaten the survival space and integration mode of the medical establishment in the close-knit county medical communities,and the resource-based capabilities and static core capabilities can no longer fully meet the survival and development needs of the medical and health institutions in the compact county medical communities in the dynamic environment.It proposes a conceptual framework for the dynamic capabilities of medical and health institutions in compact county medical and health communities,clarifies that the dynamic capabilities of medical and health institutions are divided into four core dimensions,namely,perception capability,learning capability,coordination capability,and integration capability,and analyses the mechanism of the evolution of the dynamic capabilities of medical and health institutions in compact county medical and health communities in conjunction with the SECI model,and finally proposes to do a good job in the top-level design of the medical community policy,to form the external"push"of the dynamic capabilities,and to use the SECI model as a basis for the development of the dynamic capabilities.thrust,enhance the resource coordination and integration capacity with medical community information technology as a push,and enhance the enhancement strategy to improve the dynamic capacity of medical and health institutions with the focus on the construction of health human resources.

The construction of close-knit county medical communities is an initiative to promote primary care in counties and practice Healthy China.The internal and external environments with uncertainty,variability,and complexity threaten the survival space and integration mode of the medical establishment in the close-knit county medical communities,and the resource-based capabilities and static core capabilities can no longer fully meet the survival and development needs of the medical and health institutions in the compact county medical communities in the dynamic environment.It proposes a conceptual framework for the dynamic capabilities of medical and health institutions in compact county medical and health communities,clarifies that the dynamic capabilities of medical and health institutions are divided into four core dimensions,namely,perception capability,learning capability,coordination capability,and integration capability,and analyses the mechanism of the evolution of the dynamic capabilities of medical and health institutions in compact county medical and health communities in conjunction with the SECI model,and finally proposes to do a good job in the top-level design of the medical community policy,to form the external"push"of the dynamic capabilities,and to use the SECI model as a basis for the development of the dynamic capabilities.thrust,enhance the resource coordination and integration capacity with medical community information technology as a push,and enhance the enhancement strategy to improve the dynamic capacity of medical and health institutions with the focus on the construction of health human resources.

The construction of close-knit county medical communities is an initiative to promote primary care in counties and practice Healthy China.The internal and external environments with uncertainty,variability,and complexity threaten the survival space and integration mode of the medical establishment in the close-knit county medical communities,and the resource-based capabilities and static core capabilities can no longer fully meet the survival and development needs of the medical and health institutions in the compact county medical communities in the dynamic environment.It proposes a conceptual framework for the dynamic capabilities of medical and health institutions in compact county medical and health communities,clarifies that the dynamic capabilities of medical and health institutions are divided into four core dimensions,namely,perception capability,learning capability,coordination capability,and integration capability,and analyses the mechanism of the evolution of the dynamic capabilities of medical and health institutions in compact county medical and health communities in conjunction with the SECI model,and finally proposes to do a good job in the top-level design of the medical community policy,to form the external"push"of the dynamic capabilities,and to use the SECI model as a basis for the development of the dynamic capabilities.thrust,enhance the resource coordination and integration capacity with medical community information technology as a push,and enhance the enhancement strategy to improve the dynamic capacity of medical and health institutions with the focus on the construction of health human resources.

The construction of close-knit county medical communities is an initiative to promote primary care in counties and practice Healthy China.The internal and external environments with uncertainty,variability,and complexity threaten the survival space and integration mode of the medical establishment in the close-knit county medical communities,and the resource-based capabilities and static core capabilities can no longer fully meet the survival and development needs of the medical and health institutions in the compact county medical communities in the dynamic environment.It proposes a conceptual framework for the dynamic capabilities of medical and health institutions in compact county medical and health communities,clarifies that the dynamic capabilities of medical and health institutions are divided into four core dimensions,namely,perception capability,learning capability,coordination capability,and integration capability,and analyses the mechanism of the evolution of the dynamic capabilities of medical and health institutions in compact county medical and health communities in conjunction with the SECI model,and finally proposes to do a good job in the top-level design of the medical community policy,to form the external"push"of the dynamic capabilities,and to use the SECI model as a basis for the development of the dynamic capabilities.thrust,enhance the resource coordination and integration capacity with medical community information technology as a push,and enhance the enhancement strategy to improve the dynamic capacity of medical and health institutions with the focus on the construction of health human resources.