Aim To investigate the effect of Zhenwu decoction on inflammation,oxidative stress and apopto-sis of human glomerular epithelial cells(HGEC)in-duced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS)based on Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway,and to explore the underlying mechanism.Methods HGEC were treated with LPS(1.0 mg·L-1)for 24 h to construct an oxidative damage model.On this basis,2.5％,5％and 10％Zhenwu decoction-containing serum were added to the low,medium and high dose groups of Zhenwu decoc-tion,and a normal group was set up.The changes of cell activity were assessed by MTT method and LDH method.The contents of TNF-α,IL-6,IL-10,SOD,CAT,GSH-Px,ROS and MDA in each group were de-tected by ELISA.The apoptosis of each group was de-tected by flow cytometry.The mRNA and protein ex-pressions of Bax,Bcl-2,caspase-3,caspase-9 and Nrf2/HO-1 pathway were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot,respectively.Results Compared to the normal group,the model group of HGEC exhibited increased levels of inflammatory cytokines,enhanced oxidative stress response and aggravated apoptosis;after inter-vention with various doses of Zhenwu decoction,the in-flammatory levels in HGEC were reduced,oxidative damage and apoptosis were effectively ameliorated,and the mRNA and protein expression levels of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway were upregulated.Conclu-sions Zhenwu decoction can protect HGEC from LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative damage and im-prove apoptosis.The mechanism may be related to the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

Alzheimer's disease(AD)is the most common cause of cognitive impairment in the elderly,and the formation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles(NFT)due to the hyperphos-phorylation of Tau is one of its important pathological features.Compared to β-amyloid,the hyperphosphorylation of Tau and the resulting NFT are more closely related to the decline in cognitive ability.This review focuses on anti-AD drugs targeting Tau,em-phasizing the latest progress in inhibiting the hyperphosphoryla-tion of Tau protein,alleviating the aggregation of Tau protein,re-ducing the cytoskeletal damage caused by the hyperphosphoryla-tion of Tau protein by stabilizing microtubules,and immunothera-py,in the hope of providing new insights into drug research for AD and related cognitive disorders associated with Tau protein.

Aim To investigate the effect of Zhenwu decoction on inflammation,oxidative stress and apopto-sis of human glomerular epithelial cells(HGEC)in-duced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS)based on Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway,and to explore the underlying mechanism.Methods HGEC were treated with LPS(1.0 mg·L-1)for 24 h to construct an oxidative damage model.On this basis,2.5％,5％and 10％Zhenwu decoction-containing serum were added to the low,medium and high dose groups of Zhenwu decoc-tion,and a normal group was set up.The changes of cell activity were assessed by MTT method and LDH method.The contents of TNF-α,IL-6,IL-10,SOD,CAT,GSH-Px,ROS and MDA in each group were de-tected by ELISA.The apoptosis of each group was de-tected by flow cytometry.The mRNA and protein ex-pressions of Bax,Bcl-2,caspase-3,caspase-9 and Nrf2/HO-1 pathway were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot,respectively.Results Compared to the normal group,the model group of HGEC exhibited increased levels of inflammatory cytokines,enhanced oxidative stress response and aggravated apoptosis;after inter-vention with various doses of Zhenwu decoction,the in-flammatory levels in HGEC were reduced,oxidative damage and apoptosis were effectively ameliorated,and the mRNA and protein expression levels of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway were upregulated.Conclu-sions Zhenwu decoction can protect HGEC from LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative damage and im-prove apoptosis.The mechanism may be related to the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

Objective To analyze the application trends and research hotspots of brain-computer interface(BCI)technology in stroke rehabilitation over the past five years.Methods Relevant literatures on the use of BCI in stroke rehabilitation published between January,2021 and August,2025 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database.CiteSpace 6.4.R1 was used for visualiza-tion analysis.Results A total of 458 papers were included.The annual number of publications remained at a high level.China was the leading country in publication output,with Fudan University and Aalborg University as the top institutions.The most prolific author was Mads R.Jochumsen,while G.Pfurtscheller had the highest citation frequency.The key-words and burst terms with the highest frequency in this field were brain-computer interface,motor imagery,up-per limb and deep learning.Conclusion Over the past five years,research on BCI in stroke rehabilitation has maintained a high publication volume.The research hotspots focus on innovations in BCI algorithm technology and multidimensional validation of neu-ral mechanisms and rehabilitation efficacy.

Objective:To analyze the influencing factors of postoperative intestinal adhesion in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC),and to construct a nomogram prediction model based on this.Methods:A total of 265 patients who underwent LC in our hospital from November 2021 to March 2025 were retrospectively selected and randomly divided into a training set(185 cases)and a validation set(80 cases)according to the ratio of 7∶3.According to the presence or absence of postoperative intestinal adhesion,185 patients in the training set were divided into occur-rence group(28 cases)and non-occurrence group(157 cases).In the validation set,13 cases occurred and 67 cases did not occur.The clinical data of patients were collected to analyze the influencing factors of postoperative intestinal adhe-sion,and a nomogram model was constructed based on this.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the predictive efficacy of the prediction model on the risk of postoperative intestinal adhesion.Decision curve analysis(DCA)was used to analyze the clinical benefit of the prediction model.Result:The proportion of patients aged≥65 years,complicated with diabetes,indwelling drainage tube,residual abdominal infection,and WBC level in the occurrence group were higher than those in the non-occurrence group(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that age(OR=3.025,95%CI:1.453-6.296),diabetes(OR=3.836,95%CI:1.557-9.450),indwelling drainage tube(OR=5.312,95%CI:1.898-14.864)and residual abdominal infection(OR=6.174,95%CI:2.914-13.079)were independent influencing factors for postoperative intestinal adhesion(P<0.05).The corresponding risk rate of the nomogram model based on Logistic results ranged from 0.10 to 0.80,and the C-index was 0.842(95%CI:0.765-0.919).The calibration curve of predicting postoperative intestinal adhesion was close to the ideal curve(P>0.05).The ROC of the training set showed that the sensitivity and specificity of the model in predicting postoperative intestinal adhesion were 85.70%and 88.50%,respectively,and the area under the curve(AUC)was 0.882(P<0.05).In the validation set,the sensitivity,speci-ficity and AUC of ROC curve were 81.30%,84.10%and 0.860(P<0.05),respectively.DCA curve showed that the pre-diction model could obtain the maximum clinical benefit at the threshold probability of 0-0.23.Conclusion:The pre-diction model based on age,diabetes,indwelling drainage tube and residual abdominal infection has a good predictive value for the risk of intestinal adhesion after LC.

Objective:An in vivo mammalian hepatocyte Unscheduled DNA Synthesis(UDS)test was used to evaluate the genotoxicity of Cross-linked Sodium Hyaluronate Gel and Bone Repair Materials,providing experimental evidence for establishing a UDS testing method for medical devices and materials.Methods:0.9％sodium chloride injection and cottonseed oil were used as the solvent for test materials and negative control,respectively.N-dimethylnitrosamine(NDMA)was used as the positive control for the early sampling times,and 2-acetylaminofluorene(2-AAF)was used as the positive control for the late sampling times.SD rats were administered a single dose for toxic exposure,and liver tissues were collected at 4 h and 16 h,respectively.Hepatocytes were isolated using collagenase perfusion.After labeling with 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine(EdU),and the net average fluorescence intensity(NAFI)of cell nuclei and nucleoplasm was measured by fluorescence microscope.Data from 50 cells were used to analyze the DNA repair level.Results:Compared with the negative control groups,the positive control groups(NDMA and 2-AAF)showed highly statistically significant differences in NAFI(P＜0.01),indicating successful induction of DNA damage.There was no statistically significant differences between the cross-linked sodium hyaluronate gel groups,bone repair material groups and the negative control group(P＞0.05),suggesting that these materials did not significantly induce DNA damage under the experimental conditions.Conclusion:This study first applied EdU labeling technology to the in vivo hepatic UDS assay,achieving non-radioactive labeling through click chemistry reactions.Under the conditions of this study,cross-linked sodium hyaluronate gel and bone repair materials did not exhibit genotoxicity.In the follow-up,the sample range can be expanded and the observation period can be prolonged to further improve the genotoxicity evaluation system of medical devices.

Objective:To analyze the influencing factors of postoperative intestinal adhesion in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC),and to construct a nomogram prediction model based on this.Methods:A total of 265 patients who underwent LC in our hospital from November 2021 to March 2025 were retrospectively selected and randomly divided into a training set(185 cases)and a validation set(80 cases)according to the ratio of 7∶3.According to the presence or absence of postoperative intestinal adhesion,185 patients in the training set were divided into occur-rence group(28 cases)and non-occurrence group(157 cases).In the validation set,13 cases occurred and 67 cases did not occur.The clinical data of patients were collected to analyze the influencing factors of postoperative intestinal adhe-sion,and a nomogram model was constructed based on this.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the predictive efficacy of the prediction model on the risk of postoperative intestinal adhesion.Decision curve analysis(DCA)was used to analyze the clinical benefit of the prediction model.Result:The proportion of patients aged≥65 years,complicated with diabetes,indwelling drainage tube,residual abdominal infection,and WBC level in the occurrence group were higher than those in the non-occurrence group(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that age(OR=3.025,95%CI:1.453-6.296),diabetes(OR=3.836,95%CI:1.557-9.450),indwelling drainage tube(OR=5.312,95%CI:1.898-14.864)and residual abdominal infection(OR=6.174,95%CI:2.914-13.079)were independent influencing factors for postoperative intestinal adhesion(P<0.05).The corresponding risk rate of the nomogram model based on Logistic results ranged from 0.10 to 0.80,and the C-index was 0.842(95%CI:0.765-0.919).The calibration curve of predicting postoperative intestinal adhesion was close to the ideal curve(P>0.05).The ROC of the training set showed that the sensitivity and specificity of the model in predicting postoperative intestinal adhesion were 85.70%and 88.50%,respectively,and the area under the curve(AUC)was 0.882(P<0.05).In the validation set,the sensitivity,speci-ficity and AUC of ROC curve were 81.30%,84.10%and 0.860(P<0.05),respectively.DCA curve showed that the pre-diction model could obtain the maximum clinical benefit at the threshold probability of 0-0.23.Conclusion:The pre-diction model based on age,diabetes,indwelling drainage tube and residual abdominal infection has a good predictive value for the risk of intestinal adhesion after LC.

Objective:An in vivo mammalian hepatocyte Unscheduled DNA Synthesis(UDS)test was used to evaluate the genotoxicity of Cross-linked Sodium Hyaluronate Gel and Bone Repair Materials,providing experimental evidence for establishing a UDS testing method for medical devices and materials.Methods:0.9％sodium chloride injection and cottonseed oil were used as the solvent for test materials and negative control,respectively.N-dimethylnitrosamine(NDMA)was used as the positive control for the early sampling times,and 2-acetylaminofluorene(2-AAF)was used as the positive control for the late sampling times.SD rats were administered a single dose for toxic exposure,and liver tissues were collected at 4 h and 16 h,respectively.Hepatocytes were isolated using collagenase perfusion.After labeling with 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine(EdU),and the net average fluorescence intensity(NAFI)of cell nuclei and nucleoplasm was measured by fluorescence microscope.Data from 50 cells were used to analyze the DNA repair level.Results:Compared with the negative control groups,the positive control groups(NDMA and 2-AAF)showed highly statistically significant differences in NAFI(P＜0.01),indicating successful induction of DNA damage.There was no statistically significant differences between the cross-linked sodium hyaluronate gel groups,bone repair material groups and the negative control group(P＞0.05),suggesting that these materials did not significantly induce DNA damage under the experimental conditions.Conclusion:This study first applied EdU labeling technology to the in vivo hepatic UDS assay,achieving non-radioactive labeling through click chemistry reactions.Under the conditions of this study,cross-linked sodium hyaluronate gel and bone repair materials did not exhibit genotoxicity.In the follow-up,the sample range can be expanded and the observation period can be prolonged to further improve the genotoxicity evaluation system of medical devices.

Alzheimer's disease(AD)is the most common cause of cognitive impairment in the elderly,and the formation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles(NFT)due to the hyperphos-phorylation of Tau is one of its important pathological features.Compared to β-amyloid,the hyperphosphorylation of Tau and the resulting NFT are more closely related to the decline in cognitive ability.This review focuses on anti-AD drugs targeting Tau,em-phasizing the latest progress in inhibiting the hyperphosphoryla-tion of Tau protein,alleviating the aggregation of Tau protein,re-ducing the cytoskeletal damage caused by the hyperphosphoryla-tion of Tau protein by stabilizing microtubules,and immunothera-py,in the hope of providing new insights into drug research for AD and related cognitive disorders associated with Tau protein.

Alcohol use disorder(AUD)is a common mental disorder and physiological disease impac-ting millions globally.Although multiple studies have explored the causes and treatments of AUD,its exact mechanisms remain poorly understood.The development of lipidomics technology provides a new perspective for studying AUD and can be used to investigate its biological mechanisms.This review summarizes recent ap-plications and progress of lipidomics in AUD research,as well as its potential value in prevention and treat-ment strategies.