1.Association Between MEN1 Gene and AIHA
Fatihin Abdul Razak ; Nur Aini Eddy Warman ; Mohd Hazriq Awang ; Aimi Fadilah Mohamad ; Nur Haziqah Baharum ; Fatimah Zaherah Mohamed Shah ; Rohana Abdul Ghani
Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies 2026;41(S1):99-
Introduction:
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a rare
autosomal dominant syndrome caused by mutations in the
tumor suppressor gene MENIN, classically characterized by endocrine tumors of the parathyroid glands, pancreas,
and pituitary. Beyond tumorigenesis, emerging evidence
suggests a role for MENIN in immune regulation, with
deficiency linked to CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ lymphocyte dysfunction
and predisposition to autoimmunity. While autoimmune
conditions such as thyroiditis and pernicious anemia have
been described in MEN1, an association with autoimmune
hemolytic anemia (AIHA) has not been previously reported.
We describe a rare case of MEN1 associated with warm
AIHA, highlighting a potential link between endocrine
tumorigenesis and immune dysregulation.
Case:
A 56-year-old female presented with a 4-month history
of lethargy, anorexia, weight loss, and painless jaundice.
She is para 6 + 1, with no history of anemia in pregnancy,
prior blood transfusions, or family history of hematological
disorders. Examination revealed mild pallor, jaundice, and
hepatomegaly without splenomegaly.
She had a prior diagnosis of MEN1, with two hallmark
features: primary hyperparathyroidism and a pancreatic
neuroendocrine tumor. She underwent pancreatic
enucleation, hemithyroidectomy, and hemiparathyroidectomy; histopathology demonstrated a benign thyroid
nodule and parathyroid hyperplasia.
Whole exome sequencing identified no pathogenic MEN1
mutation but revealed a c.1621A>G variant, classified as
a non-deleterious polymorphism. Variants in TP53 and
BRCA1 were also detected without phenotypic expression.
Surveillance colonoscopy and mammography were
unremarkable.
Laboratory findings were consistent with warm AIHA,
including elevated lactate dehydrogenase, indirect
hyperbilirubinemia, low haptoglobin, reticulocytosis,
and a positive direct Coombs test (immunoglobulin G).
Peripheral blood film was nonspecific. She responded well
to a tapering course of prednisolone.
Conclusion
This case highlights a possible association between MEN1
and autoimmune hemolysis. The presence of the MEN1
c.1621A>G variant, alongside TP53 and BRCA1 variants,
raises the possibility of modifier effects influencing immune
dysregulation. Further studies are needed to clarify this
relationship.


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