Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a highly aggressive malignancy originating from mesothelial cells of the pleura, primarily associated with asbestos exposure, and is often characterized by poor prognosis. Due to the lack of specific clinical manifestations in the early stages, the diagnosis of MPM presents a significant challenge, leading to most patients being diagnosed at an advanced stage, which limits the effectiveness of surgical treatment. Consequently, systemic therapies are commonly required. Although Pemetrexed in combination with Platinum-based chemotherapy remains the first-line standard treatment for unresectable MPM, its therapeutic efficacy is limited, and more effective treatment strategies are urgently needed. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors have made significant progress in the treatment of MPM, markedly improving patient survival outcomes. With the increasing depth of molecular biological research on MPM, targeted therapies offer promising personalized treatment options. Additionally, the therapeutic potential of novel strategies such as cell therapy and oncolytic virus therapy is beginning to emerge. This review summarizes the latest advancements in the medical treatment of MPM and looks forward to future therapeutic directions, aiming to provide insights for clinical practice.
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Humans ; Mesothelioma, Malignant ; Pleural Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy*

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related incidence and mortality worldwide. Among its histological subtypes, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for the majority of cases, representing the predominant pathological type. Notably, in the elderly population, NSCLC continues to be a major contributor to cancer-related deaths. With the global ageing population, immunosenescence has emerged as a key factor influencing the occurrence, progression, and the efficacy of immunotherapy of NSCLC. Immunosenescence refers to the age-related decline in immune system function, which manifests as alterations in both the quantity and functionality of immune cells. These include thymic involution, T cell exhaustion, epigenetic modifications, weakened immune responses, and a chronic low-grade inflammatory state. This review comprehensively analyzes the role of immunosenescence in elderly patients with advanced NSCLC and proposes potential therapeutic strategies to intervene in the immunosenescence process. By targeting immunosenescence, these strategies aim to inhibit the progression of NSCLC and improve the effectiveness of immunotherapy.
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Humans ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics* ; Immunotherapy ; Lung Neoplasms/genetics* ; Immunosenescence ; Aged

Objective:To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of spleen-invigorating, dampness-removing and stasis-dissolving formula (SDSF) combined with endocrinotherapy for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC).Methods:A retrospective case control study was conducted. The clinical data of 193 mHSPC patients treated at First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, and Tianjin First Central Hospital from January 2018 to March 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were treated with continuous endocrinotherapy and they were divided into the combination therapy group (82 cases) and the monotherapy group (94 cases) based on whether they received SDSF treatment or not. Prostate specific antigen (PSA), serum testosterone, blood lipids (triglyceride, total cholesterol), fasting blood glucose, and international prostate symptoms score (I-PSS) and Karnofsky score were compared between the 2 groups. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the progression-free survival (PFS), and log-rank test was performed. The Cox proportional risk model was used to make univariate analysis and multivariate analysis on the influencing factors of PFS.Results:A total of 176 mHSPC patients were finally enrolled and the age was 67±11 years. There were no statistically significant differences in terms of PSA, serum testosterone, triglyceride, total cholesterol and fasting blood glucose, I-PSS score and Karnofsky score between the two groups (all P > 0.05). A total of 91 mHSPC patients developed metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), including the combination therapy group (40 cases) and the monotherapy group (51 cases), and 9 patients died because of the progression to mCRPC. The median PFS time of all patients was 19 months, that was 17.9 months in the monotherapy group and 20.4 months in the combination therapy group; and the difference was statistically significant between the 2 groups ( P = 0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis results showed that combination therapy with SDSF and the lowest testosterone level were independent influencing factors of PFS ( P = 0.001). The total cholesterol at 6-, 9-, 12-month in the combination therapy group was lower than that in the monotherapy group (all P < 0.05), triglyceride at 3-, 6-, 9-, 12-month in the combination therapy group was lower than that in the monotherapy group (all P < 0.05); and the differences in fasting blood glucose after treatment at different time points were not statistically significant between the 2 groups (all P > 0.05); I-PSS score at 9-, 12-month in the monotherapy group was lower than that in the monotherapy group (both P < 0.05). Conclusions:The combination of SDSF with endocrinotherapy can delay the progression of mHSPC, improve treatment-related complications, and enhance patients' quality of life.

Prostate cancer remains the second most common malignancy in men worldwide, is a global health issue, and poses a huge health burden. Precision medicine provides more treatment options for prostate cancer patients, but its popularity, drug resistance, and adverse reactions still need to be focused on. Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) have been widely accepted as an alternative therapy for cancer, with the advantages of multiple targets, multiple pathways, and low toxicity. We searched the experimental research and clinical practice of CHMs for prostate cancer treatment published in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science in the last five years. We found five CHM formulas and six single CHM extracts as well as 12 CHM-derived compounds, which showed induction of apoptosis, autophagy, and cell cycle arrest, suppression of angiogenesis, proliferation, and migration of prostate cancer cells, reversal of drug resistance, and enhancement of anti-tumor immunity. The mechanisms of action include the PI3K/Akt/mTOR, AR, EGFR and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways, which are commonly implicated in the development of prostate cancer. We also summarized the advantages of CHMs in patients with hormone-sensitive and castration-resistant prostate cancer and provided ideas for their further experimental design and application.

The most common subtype of lung cancer is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which has a poor prognosis and seriously threatens the health of human beings. The multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment model has gradually become the mainstream of NSCLC treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can be used effectively either as an adjunctive therapy or alone throughout the NSCLC therapy, which has a significant impact on survival, quality of life, and reduction of toxicity. Therefore, this paper reviewed the theoretical basis, the latest clinical application, and combined treatment mechanisms in order to explore the advantage stage of TCM treatment and the synergistic therapeutic mechanisms.

Lung cancer is one of the malignant tumors with the highest morbidity and mortality in the world. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most important pathological types of lung cancer. The prognosis of advanced NSCLC is poor and medical treatment is still the main treatment option. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are the kind of potentially new anti-tumor drugs, consisting of monoclonal antibodies conjugated to the cytotoxic payloads via the synthetic linkers. They have a broad application prospect in solid tumors such as lung cancer. This article focuses on the mechanism of action and research progress of ADCs in advanced NSCLC.
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Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use* ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use* ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy* ; Humans ; Immunoconjugates/therapeutic use* ; Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy*

Patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are treated in a variety of ways. In addition to radiotherapy, chemotherapy and targeted therapy, breakthroughs have been made in immune checkpoint inhibitors, in particular, programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) inhibitors have achieved survival benefits for NSCLC patients, and some of them have been approved as first-line drugs by the US Food and Drug Administration. Currently, commonly used PD-L1 inhibitors are atezolizumab, durvalumab and avelumab. Combination therapies include combination with chemotherapy, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs, molecular targeted therapy and immunotherapy.

Triple-negative breast cancer is a subtype of invasive breast cancer, accounting for about 15% of all breast cancers. Its clinical treatment is relatively difficult, prone to recurrence and metastasis, with a short median survival and poor prognosis. Sacituzumab govitecan is the first approved antigen-coupled drug targeting trophoblast surface antigen 2 in the world. It has significant clinical efficacy, high safety and less adverse reactions, which brings new hope to the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer.

S-1 and capecitabine are relatively ideal agents for maintenance treatment of advanced gas-tric cancer. In clinical trials of using immune and targeted drugs for maintenance treatment of advanced gastric cancer,ipilimumab fails to obtain positive results,ramucirumab has not obtained research data,and trial regimens of maintenance treatment with trastuzumab,bevacizumab and avelumab have all shown initial efficacy. Traditional Chinese medicine therapy has shown some effectiveness in maintenance treatment,which still needs further researches.

Background and purpose:Inhibitor of apoptosis-stimulating protein of p53 (iASPP) is one of the ASPP family. It binds to p53 to inhibit the transcriptional activity of p53-target genes and cell apoptosis, which is asso-ciated with tumor formation. Previously, we found a new subtype of iASPP, iASPP splice variant (iASPP-SV), which is a nuclear protein containing 407 amino acid residues and can bind to p53, inhibiting p53 transcriptional activity. However, the relationship of iASPP-SV and breast cancer is still obscure. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to study the role of iASPP-SV on breast cancer tumorigenesis and progression.Methods:5’-rapid ampliifcation of cDNA ends (RACE) was used to identify the 5’-end of iASPP-SV mRNA in MCF-7 cells. HEK 293 cells were transfected with pFLAG-iASPP-SV and pFLAG-iASPP (828). Then Western blot was used to identify whether endogenous iASPP-SV was expressed in HEK 293 cells and 8 types of human tumor cell lines. This study established the stable clones of NIH 3T3 expressing FLAG-iASPP-SV and FLAG-iASPP (828). Cell proliferation assay, colony formation and soft agar colony formation assay were used to identify whether iASPP-SV and iASPP (828) can promote cell proliferation and iASPP-SV is an oncogene. Real-time lfuorescent quantitative polymerase chain reactive (RTFQ-PCR) was used to de-tect the levels of iASPP-SV and iASPP (828) mRNA in primary breast cancers. Luciferase assays were used to identify the relationships between iASPP-SV, iASPP (828), p53 and NF-κB p65.Results:The study identiifed that iASPP-SV was encoded by previously reported NF-κB p65 subunit (RelA)-associated inhibitor (RAI), and endogenously expressed in many human cancer cell lines. Analysis of cell proliferation, colony formation assay and soft agar assay for colony formation identiifed that similarly to iASPP (828), iASPP-SV promoted tumor cell proliferation and acted as an onco-gene. RTFQ-PCR result showed that the median values of iASPP-SV and iASPP (828) in breast cancers with wild-type p53 were more signiifcantly over-expressed than those of mutant p53. Luciferase assays showed that iASPP-SV and iASPP (828) could suppress NF-κB p65 transcriptional activity. Thus iASPP family may participate in the regulation of p53 and NF-κB activity, which imply that iASPP perhaps shows pro- or anti-survival activities when it interacts with different proteins.Conclusion:These ifndings indicate that iASPP-SV may be a potential target for breast cancer thera-py.