Objective To construct and validate the efficacy of a risk prediction model for pneumothorax after CT-guided percutaneous pulmonary puncture biopsy(CT-PCNB)based on nomograms.Methods A total of 246 patients who underwent CT-PCNB examination in the hospital from October 2020 to October 2023 were selected and divided into training set(n=144)and validation set(n=102)using a random sampling method.In the training set,univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for pneumothorax after CT-PCNB.A nomogram model was constructed based on the identified risk factors,and its accuracy was validated using the validation set.Results Multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that age≥60 years,concomitant underlying lung disease,lesion diameter<2 cm,distance from lesion to pleura≥10 mm,puncture through interlobular pleura,and≥2 pleural punctures were the risk factors for pneumothorax after CT-PCNB in the training set(P<0.05).A nomogram model was constructed based on these six factors.The ROC curve results for the training set showed an AUC of 0.852,sensitivity of 84.50%,and specificity of 67.50%.The nomogram model was validated using the validation set,with ROC curve results showing an AUC of 0.845,sensitivity of 83.00%,and specificity of 69.50%.There was no statistically significant difference between the predicted and actual values in both the training and validation sets(χ2=1.803,1.225;P>0.05),indicating clinical validity.Conclusion The nomogram model constructed based on the risk factors for pneumothorax after CT-PCNB has high predictive efficacy and is clinically meaningful.

Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by reduced bone mass and increased risk of fractures, with limitations in traditional treatment methods. The “brainbone axis” theory has revealed a bidirectional regulatory network between the central nervous system and the skeletal system, providing new insights into the mechanisms and treatment of OP. This review summarizes the bidirectional regulatory mechanisms of the “brain-bone axis”, including descending pathways (such as the regulation of bone metabolism by the sympathetic nervous system, parasympathetic nervous system, and hypothalamic nuclei) and ascending feedback (such as bone-derived factors influencing central nervous system function through the blood-brain barrier), and explores the synergistic roles of endocrine systems (such as the thyroid axis and gonadal axis) within this network. Additionally, the article summarizes multi-modal treatment strategies based on the “brain-bone axis” theory, offering new insights for the precise prevention and treatment of OP. Future research should further integrate basic and clinical studies to advance the paradigm shift of OP from a localized bone disorder to a systemic disease.

Objective:To investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of targeted inhibition of Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) on the proliferation, mitosis and apoptosis of cervical cancer cells.Methods:Logarithmically growing human cervical cancer cell lines HeLa and C-33A were selected, and cells treated with 10 and 20 nmol/L PLK1 inhibitor GSK461364 were used as different concentrations of GSK461364 groups, while cells not treated with GSK461364 were used as the control group. CCK-8 method was used to detect cell proliferation ability (represented by absorbance values at wavelength 450 nm), flow cytometry was used to detect chromosome ploidy (propidium iodide staining), mitochondrial membrane potential detected by flow cytometry was used to evaluate cell apoptosis status (JC-1 fluorescent probe, the cells where the JC-1 monomers emitting green fluorescence were located were apoptotic cells), and Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of cell cycle and apoptosis-related proteins.Results:The results of CCK-8 method showed that the proliferation ability of HeLa cells was lower than that of the control group after 24 hours of treatment with 10 and 20 nmol/L GSK461364 and continued culture for 24, 48 and 72 hours without GSK461364. The proliferation ability of C-33A cells was lower than that of the control group after 24 hours of treatment with 10 and 20 nmol/L GSK461364 and continued culture for 48 and 72 hours without GSK461364, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). The results of flow cytometry analysis showed that after 24 hours of treatment with GSK461364 and continued culture for 72 hours without GSK461364, the proportions of polyploid cell subpopulations in HeLa cells of the 10 and 20 nmol/L GSK461364 groups and the control group were (13.89±3.73)%, (12.30±5.49)% and (9.86±1.15)%, respectively, with no statistically significant difference ( F = 0.82, P > 0.05); the proportions of polyploid cell subpopulations in C-33A cells of the 10 and 20 nmol/L GSK461364 groups and the control group were (8.45±2.20)%, (11.06±2.53)% and (5.42±1.36)%, respectively, with statistically significant difference ( F = 5.46, P = 0.045). Among them, the proportion of polyploid cell subpopulations in the 20 nmol/L GSK461364 group was higher than that in the control group, with statistically significant differences ( t = 3.40, P = 0.027). The results of flow cytometry detection of mitochondrial membrane potential showed that after 24 hours of treatment with GSK461364 and continued culture for 72 hours without GSK461364, the proportions of apoptotic cells in HeLa cells of the control group, 10 nmol/L GSK461364 group and 20 nmol/L GSK461364 group were (3.96±2.28)%, (24.38±4.89)%, and (46.24±4.38)%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( F = 83.18, P < 0.000 1), the proportion of apoptotic cells in the 10 and 20 nmol/L GSK461364 groups was higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (both P < 0.01), and the proportion of apoptotic cells in the 20 nmol/L group was higher than that in the 10 nmol/L group ( t = 5.76, P = 0.005); the proportions of apoptotic cells in C-33A cells of the control group, 10 nmol/L GSK461364 group and 20 nmol/L GSK461364 group were (1.81±1.59)%, (5.22±1.57)% and (15.87±5.81)%, respectively, with statistically significant differences ( F = 12.49, P = 0.007), and the proportion of apoptotic cells in the 20 nmol/L group was higher than that in the 10 nmol/L group and the control group (both P < 0.05). The results of Western blotting analysis showed that after 24 hours of treatment with GSK461364 and continued culture for 72 hours without GSK461364, the relative expression levels of cleaved Caspase-9 and cleaved polyadenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase in HeLa and C-33A cells treated with 10 and 20 nmol/L GSK461364 were higher than those in the control group, and the relative expression levels of cdc25c and phosphorylated cdc25c (Ser216) were lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Conclusions:Targeted inhibition of PLK1 can inhibit the proliferation activity of cervical cancer cells in vitro, induce cell mitotic cycle arrest, and promote cell apoptosis; these may be achieved by regulating cell cycle and apoptosis-related proteins.

Objective To investigate the relationship between pan-immune inflammation value(PIV)and the disease severity and outcome of acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS).Methods A total of 162 ARDS patients admitted to the hospital from February 2023 to February 2024 were selected as the study group,which were divided into mild group(n=52),moderate group(n=65)and severe group(n=45)ac-cording to the severity of the disease,and death group(n=37)and survival group(n=125)according to the 28 d disease outcome.Another 116 healthy people in the same hospital during the same period were selected as the control group.Neutrophil count(NEUT),platelet count(PLT),monocyte count(MONO)and lympho-cyte count(LYMPH)in peripheral blood of each group were detected,and PIV was calculated.Pearson corre-lation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between PIV and disease severity in ARDS patients.Receiv-er operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of PIV for the disease out-come of ARDS patients.Binary Logistic stepwise regression analysis was used to analyze the related factors af-fecting the outcome of ARDS patients.Results Peripheral blood PIV in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).The severe group had a significantly higher peripheral blood PIV than the moderate disease and mild group(P<0.05),and the moderate group had a significantly higher peripheral blood PIV than the mild group(P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that PIV was nega-tively correlated with arterial partial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen(PaO2/FiO2)in ARDS patients(r=-0.452,P<0.001).Sequential organ failure assessment(SOFA)score,acute physiology and chronic health evaluation(APACHE)Ⅱ score,white blood cell count,C-reactive protein and PIV in the death group were significantly higher than those in the survival group(P<0.05),PaO2/FiO2 was significantly low-er than that in the survival group(P<0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of PIV to diagnose the disease outcome of ARDS patients was 0.906(95%CI:0.865-0.956).Binary Logistic step-wise regression analysis showed that SOFA score>11.84 points(OR=2.591,95%CI:1.639-3.964),A-PACHEⅡ score>20.65 points(OR=3.367,95%CI:1.863-6.086),PaO2/FiO2>115.62 mmHg(OR=2.106,95%CI:1.521-2.916),PIV>465.52(OR=3.931,95%CI:2.075-7.448)were risk factors for the outcome of ARDS patients(P<0.05).Conclusion PIV is abnormally elevated in ARDS patients,and is closely related to the severity and outcome of the disease.It can be used as an effective indicator for early diag-nosis of the disease outcome in patients with ARDS.

Objective To construct and validate the efficacy of a risk prediction model for pneumothorax after CT-guided percutaneous pulmonary puncture biopsy(CT-PCNB)based on nomograms.Methods A total of 246 patients who underwent CT-PCNB examination in the hospital from October 2020 to October 2023 were selected and divided into training set(n=144)and validation set(n=102)using a random sampling method.In the training set,univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for pneumothorax after CT-PCNB.A nomogram model was constructed based on the identified risk factors,and its accuracy was validated using the validation set.Results Multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that age≥60 years,concomitant underlying lung disease,lesion diameter<2 cm,distance from lesion to pleura≥10 mm,puncture through interlobular pleura,and≥2 pleural punctures were the risk factors for pneumothorax after CT-PCNB in the training set(P<0.05).A nomogram model was constructed based on these six factors.The ROC curve results for the training set showed an AUC of 0.852,sensitivity of 84.50%,and specificity of 67.50%.The nomogram model was validated using the validation set,with ROC curve results showing an AUC of 0.845,sensitivity of 83.00%,and specificity of 69.50%.There was no statistically significant difference between the predicted and actual values in both the training and validation sets(χ2=1.803,1.225;P>0.05),indicating clinical validity.Conclusion The nomogram model constructed based on the risk factors for pneumothorax after CT-PCNB has high predictive efficacy and is clinically meaningful.

Objective:To investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of targeted inhibition of Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) on the proliferation, mitosis and apoptosis of cervical cancer cells.Methods:Logarithmically growing human cervical cancer cell lines HeLa and C-33A were selected, and cells treated with 10 and 20 nmol/L PLK1 inhibitor GSK461364 were used as different concentrations of GSK461364 groups, while cells not treated with GSK461364 were used as the control group. CCK-8 method was used to detect cell proliferation ability (represented by absorbance values at wavelength 450 nm), flow cytometry was used to detect chromosome ploidy (propidium iodide staining), mitochondrial membrane potential detected by flow cytometry was used to evaluate cell apoptosis status (JC-1 fluorescent probe, the cells where the JC-1 monomers emitting green fluorescence were located were apoptotic cells), and Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of cell cycle and apoptosis-related proteins.Results:The results of CCK-8 method showed that the proliferation ability of HeLa cells was lower than that of the control group after 24 hours of treatment with 10 and 20 nmol/L GSK461364 and continued culture for 24, 48 and 72 hours without GSK461364. The proliferation ability of C-33A cells was lower than that of the control group after 24 hours of treatment with 10 and 20 nmol/L GSK461364 and continued culture for 48 and 72 hours without GSK461364, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). The results of flow cytometry analysis showed that after 24 hours of treatment with GSK461364 and continued culture for 72 hours without GSK461364, the proportions of polyploid cell subpopulations in HeLa cells of the 10 and 20 nmol/L GSK461364 groups and the control group were (13.89±3.73)%, (12.30±5.49)% and (9.86±1.15)%, respectively, with no statistically significant difference ( F = 0.82, P > 0.05); the proportions of polyploid cell subpopulations in C-33A cells of the 10 and 20 nmol/L GSK461364 groups and the control group were (8.45±2.20)%, (11.06±2.53)% and (5.42±1.36)%, respectively, with statistically significant difference ( F = 5.46, P = 0.045). Among them, the proportion of polyploid cell subpopulations in the 20 nmol/L GSK461364 group was higher than that in the control group, with statistically significant differences ( t = 3.40, P = 0.027). The results of flow cytometry detection of mitochondrial membrane potential showed that after 24 hours of treatment with GSK461364 and continued culture for 72 hours without GSK461364, the proportions of apoptotic cells in HeLa cells of the control group, 10 nmol/L GSK461364 group and 20 nmol/L GSK461364 group were (3.96±2.28)%, (24.38±4.89)%, and (46.24±4.38)%, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( F = 83.18, P < 0.000 1), the proportion of apoptotic cells in the 10 and 20 nmol/L GSK461364 groups was higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (both P < 0.01), and the proportion of apoptotic cells in the 20 nmol/L group was higher than that in the 10 nmol/L group ( t = 5.76, P = 0.005); the proportions of apoptotic cells in C-33A cells of the control group, 10 nmol/L GSK461364 group and 20 nmol/L GSK461364 group were (1.81±1.59)%, (5.22±1.57)% and (15.87±5.81)%, respectively, with statistically significant differences ( F = 12.49, P = 0.007), and the proportion of apoptotic cells in the 20 nmol/L group was higher than that in the 10 nmol/L group and the control group (both P < 0.05). The results of Western blotting analysis showed that after 24 hours of treatment with GSK461364 and continued culture for 72 hours without GSK461364, the relative expression levels of cleaved Caspase-9 and cleaved polyadenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase in HeLa and C-33A cells treated with 10 and 20 nmol/L GSK461364 were higher than those in the control group, and the relative expression levels of cdc25c and phosphorylated cdc25c (Ser216) were lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Conclusions:Targeted inhibition of PLK1 can inhibit the proliferation activity of cervical cancer cells in vitro, induce cell mitotic cycle arrest, and promote cell apoptosis; these may be achieved by regulating cell cycle and apoptosis-related proteins.

To construct a recombinant attenuated Salmonella strain carrying the p57 and BLID genes and to evaluate its inhibitory effect on breast cancer cells and apoptosis induction in vitro,the recombinant attenuated Salmonella LH430/pEGFP-p57-BLID was constructed.RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the transcription and expression of the recombinant attenuated Salmonella in cancer cells.The CCK-8 method was used to assess the safety of the recombinant at-tenuated Salmonella and its impact on the activity of breast cancer cells.The cell scratch assay was used to analyze the influence of the recombinant attenuated Salmonella on the migratory ability of cancer cells.Flow cytometry and Western blot were used to analyze the effect of the recombinant attenuated Salmonella on the apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells.The bands of target genes carried by the recombinant attenuated Salmonella could be amplified by PCR,and these target genes could be transcribed and expressed in MDA-MB-231 cells.The recombinant attenuated Salmonella showed good growth characteristics and genetic stability.Compared with the PBS group,recombi-nant attenuated Salmonella LH430/pEGFP-p57-BLID significantly reduced(P＜0.01)the activity of MDA-MB-231 cells and significantly inhibited(P＜0.01)the migration of MDA-MB-231 cells.Recombinant attenuated Salmonella LH430/pEGFP-p57-BLID can obviously increase the number of apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells,significantly upregulate(P＜0.01)the expression of apoptotic protein Bax,and significantly downregulate(P＜0.01)the expression of apoptotic protein Bcl-2.The results showed that the recombinant attenuated Salmonella had an inhibitory effect on breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and could induce apoptosis,which laid a foundation for the subsequent study of anti-tumor in vivo.

Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorders are one of the important causes of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Some studies reported that the limitations in commonly used auxiliary examination methods led to missed or misdiagnosis, resulting in adverse pregnancy outcomes. Digital three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction is the 3D graphical visualization constructed on the original data to illustrate the spatial relationship between structures, overcoming the limitations of two-dimensional images. As a novel auxiliary diagnostic tool, digital 3D reconstruction provides promising insights into the development of personalized precision medicine. This article reviews the research and application of ultrasound and MRI 3D reconstruction in the field of PAS.

To construct a recombinant attenuated Salmonella strain carrying the p57 and BLID genes and to evaluate its inhibitory effect on breast cancer cells and apoptosis induction in vitro,the recombinant attenuated Salmonella LH430/pEGFP-p57-BLID was constructed.RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the transcription and expression of the recombinant attenuated Salmonella in cancer cells.The CCK-8 method was used to assess the safety of the recombinant at-tenuated Salmonella and its impact on the activity of breast cancer cells.The cell scratch assay was used to analyze the influence of the recombinant attenuated Salmonella on the migratory ability of cancer cells.Flow cytometry and Western blot were used to analyze the effect of the recombinant attenuated Salmonella on the apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells.The bands of target genes carried by the recombinant attenuated Salmonella could be amplified by PCR,and these target genes could be transcribed and expressed in MDA-MB-231 cells.The recombinant attenuated Salmonella showed good growth characteristics and genetic stability.Compared with the PBS group,recombi-nant attenuated Salmonella LH430/pEGFP-p57-BLID significantly reduced(P＜0.01)the activity of MDA-MB-231 cells and significantly inhibited(P＜0.01)the migration of MDA-MB-231 cells.Recombinant attenuated Salmonella LH430/pEGFP-p57-BLID can obviously increase the number of apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells,significantly upregulate(P＜0.01)the expression of apoptotic protein Bax,and significantly downregulate(P＜0.01)the expression of apoptotic protein Bcl-2.The results showed that the recombinant attenuated Salmonella had an inhibitory effect on breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and could induce apoptosis,which laid a foundation for the subsequent study of anti-tumor in vivo.

Objective:To investigate the role of p-AKT-mTOR-P70S6K signaling pathway in radiation therapy for polyploid cervical cancer cells.Methods:Human cervical cancer HeLa cell lines were selected and HeLa cells were radiated under 7 Gy of 6 MV X-ray. The morphological changes of the cells were observed with an inverted microscope on day 5 after radiation induction. All cells were divided into the 7 Gy group (7 Gy X-ray radiation but not transfected polyploidy HeLa cells) and the control group (the non-radiation-induced and not transfected HeLa cells). In addition, the plasmid carrying pcDNA3 negative control sequence and the plasmid carrying pcDNA3-TT-AKT sequence were transfected into HeLa cells, respectively, which were induced by 7 Gy X-ray radiation after 48 h of transfection, and then they were recorded as the pcDNA3 + 7 Gy group and the pcDNA3-TT-AKT + 7 Gy group. Cell proliferation ability was detected by using CCK-8 assay, cell cycle was detected by using flow cytometry, cell apoptosis was detected by using mitochondrial membrane potential assay, the relative expression levels of cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis and autophagy related proteins were tested by using Western blot.Results:Most of the normal HeLa cells in the 7 Gy group died on day 5 after radiation induction, and only a few surviving cells increased in size with multiple nuclei. The results of Western blot showed that the relative expression levels of p-AKT, p-mTOR and p-P70S6K in HeLa cells of the 7 Gy group were lower than those of the control group (all P < 0.05). CCK-8 assay showed that the absorbance ( A) values were 0.45±0.06, 0.65±0.06 after 48 h of culture and 0.75±0.05, 1.05±0.02 after 72 h of culture, respectively in the pcDNA3 + 7 Gy group and the pcDNA3-TT-AKT + 7 Gy group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05), and the A values in the pcDNA3-TT-AKT + 7 Gy group were all higher than those in the pcDNA3 +7 Gy group. Flow cytometry results showed that the proportion of cells was (29.2±3.6)%, (26.7±1.7)% in G 0/G 1 phase and (29.6±1.6)%, (30.3±0.6)% in G 2/M phase, respectively in the pcDNA3 + 7 Gy group and the pcDNA3-TT-AKT + 7 Gy group, and the differences were not statistically significant (all P > 0.05); the proportion of cells in S phase was (10.2±0.9)% and (14.6±1.5)%, respectively in the pcDNA3 + 7 Gy group and the pcDNA3-TT-AKT + 7 Gy group, and the differences were statistically significant ( t = 2.86, P = 0.043). Mitochondrial membrane potential assay showed that the green fluorescence proportion was (23.1±2.5)% and (14.3±1.9)%, respectively in the pcDNA3 + 7 Gy group and the pcDNA3-TT-AKT + 7 Gy group, and the different was statistically significant ( t = 4.82, P = 0.009). Western blot results showed that the relative expression level of p-cdc25c (Ser216) in the pcDNA3-TT-AKT+7 Gy group was higher than that in the pcDNA3+7 Gy group ( P < 0.001); and the relative expression levels of Bak and LC3-Ⅱ/Ⅰ in the pcDNA3-TT-AKT+7Gy group were lower than those in the pcDNA3 +7 Gy group, respectively (all P < 0.05). Conclusions:The p-AKT-mTOR-P70S6K signaling pathway may be involved in the regulation of radiation-induced polyploidy HeLa cell proliferation, cell cycle and cell apoptosis.