Objective To explore the correlation between serum hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α)levels and cerebral microbleeds(CMBs)and cognitive impairment and to assess the predictive value of HIF-1α for CSVD-related cognitive impairment.Methods A total of 104 patients with CSVD who attended the Department of Neurology,First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University from June 2022 to November 2023 were enrolled.All enrolled patients were subjected to basic statistics,cranial nuclear magnetic resonance examination,cognitive function assessment,and serum HIF-1α test,and the number and location of CMBs were counted.Based on the above data the enrolled patients were grouped.The correlation between HIF-1α and cognitive function and CMBs was studied the influencing factors of CMBs and cognitive impairment were analyzed,and the predictive value of HIF-1α on the occurrence of cognitive impairment was evaluated.Results There were statistically significant differences in HIF-1α levels and cognitive function among different CMBs groups.Serum HIF-1α levels were significantly negatively correlated with overall cognitive function,visuospatial and executive function,attention,and delayed recall,and serum HIF-1α was positively correlated with the number of CMBs.HIF-1α may be a risk factor for CMBs and cognitive impairment associated with CSVD,and serum HIF-1α has potential in predict the cognitive impairment caused by CSVD.Conclusion Serum levels of HIF-1α were associated with the number of CMB and CSVD-related cognitive impairment,and serum levels of HIF-1α may have a predictive value for CSVD-related cognitive impairment.

Objective To explore the effect of aerobic calisthenics on sleep quality in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD).Methods Forty children with ADHD(aged 9～11 years;mean age 9.83±0.76 years)were recruited from the pediatric outpatient department of some class-3 grade-A hospital in Beijing.They were randomized into an intervention group(n=21)and a control group(n=19).Both groups participated in standard school physical education programs,while the intervention group underwent 60-minute aerobic calisthenics exercise sessions three times weekly for 8 weeks.Before and after the intervention,the sleep condition was measured using the children's sleep habits questionnaire(CSHQ)and the three-axis acceleration recorder.The inter-group differenc-es in sleep dimensions were analyzed using independent samples t-tests,while the intra-group ones were evaluated using paired t-tests.Results(1)Inter-group comparison:Before the experiment,no sig-nificant differences were detected between the two groups in sleep characteristics.After the experi-ment,in comparison with the control group,there was a significant decrease in awakening time,aver-age awakening time,and sleep latency time of the intervention group,but a significant increase in sleep efficiency(P<0.05).Moreover,the total score of CSHQ,as well as the sleep resistance and sleep delay scores,were significantly lower in the intervention group(P<0.05).(2)Intra-group com-parison:In the intervention group,after the experiment,there were significant reductions in awakening time and sleep latency time,and a significant enhancement in sleep efficiency(P<0.05).Moreover,the total score of CSHQ,along with the scores of sleep resistance,sleep delay,and daytime sleepi-ness,decreased significantly(P<0.05).In the control group,the daytime sleepiness score decreased af-ter the experiment(P<0.05).Conclusion An 8-week aerobic calisthenics exercise(60 minutes/session,3 sessions/week)significantly improves overall sleep quality in children with ADHD.Therefore,it is worth application in the clinical practice.

Objective To explore the effect of aerobic calisthenics on sleep quality in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD).Methods Forty children with ADHD(aged 9～11 years;mean age 9.83±0.76 years)were recruited from the pediatric outpatient department of some class-3 grade-A hospital in Beijing.They were randomized into an intervention group(n=21)and a control group(n=19).Both groups participated in standard school physical education programs,while the intervention group underwent 60-minute aerobic calisthenics exercise sessions three times weekly for 8 weeks.Before and after the intervention,the sleep condition was measured using the children's sleep habits questionnaire(CSHQ)and the three-axis acceleration recorder.The inter-group differenc-es in sleep dimensions were analyzed using independent samples t-tests,while the intra-group ones were evaluated using paired t-tests.Results(1)Inter-group comparison:Before the experiment,no sig-nificant differences were detected between the two groups in sleep characteristics.After the experi-ment,in comparison with the control group,there was a significant decrease in awakening time,aver-age awakening time,and sleep latency time of the intervention group,but a significant increase in sleep efficiency(P<0.05).Moreover,the total score of CSHQ,as well as the sleep resistance and sleep delay scores,were significantly lower in the intervention group(P<0.05).(2)Intra-group com-parison:In the intervention group,after the experiment,there were significant reductions in awakening time and sleep latency time,and a significant enhancement in sleep efficiency(P<0.05).Moreover,the total score of CSHQ,along with the scores of sleep resistance,sleep delay,and daytime sleepi-ness,decreased significantly(P<0.05).In the control group,the daytime sleepiness score decreased af-ter the experiment(P<0.05).Conclusion An 8-week aerobic calisthenics exercise(60 minutes/session,3 sessions/week)significantly improves overall sleep quality in children with ADHD.Therefore,it is worth application in the clinical practice.

Objective To explore the correlation between serum hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α)levels and cerebral microbleeds(CMBs)and cognitive impairment and to assess the predictive value of HIF-1α for CSVD-related cognitive impairment.Methods A total of 104 patients with CSVD who attended the Department of Neurology,First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University from June 2022 to November 2023 were enrolled.All enrolled patients were subjected to basic statistics,cranial nuclear magnetic resonance examination,cognitive function assessment,and serum HIF-1α test,and the number and location of CMBs were counted.Based on the above data the enrolled patients were grouped.The correlation between HIF-1α and cognitive function and CMBs was studied the influencing factors of CMBs and cognitive impairment were analyzed,and the predictive value of HIF-1α on the occurrence of cognitive impairment was evaluated.Results There were statistically significant differences in HIF-1α levels and cognitive function among different CMBs groups.Serum HIF-1α levels were significantly negatively correlated with overall cognitive function,visuospatial and executive function,attention,and delayed recall,and serum HIF-1α was positively correlated with the number of CMBs.HIF-1α may be a risk factor for CMBs and cognitive impairment associated with CSVD,and serum HIF-1α has potential in predict the cognitive impairment caused by CSVD.Conclusion Serum levels of HIF-1α were associated with the number of CMB and CSVD-related cognitive impairment,and serum levels of HIF-1α may have a predictive value for CSVD-related cognitive impairment.

ObjectiveThrough the correlation analysis between intestinal absorption profile and inhibition of macrophage foaming， the pharmacodynamic components of Zhuriheng dripping pills（ZRH） were explored to provide a basis for establishing its quality standard. MethodIntestinal absorption fluids with 0， 5， 10， 15， 20 times clinical equivalent doses were prepared by a rat everted gut sac（EGS）， and the oxidized low density lipoprotein（ox-LDL）-induced RAW264.7 macrophage foaming model was used to investigate the effect of intestinal absorption fluid with different doses on the accumulation of lipids in RAW264.7 cells by oil red O staining and cholesterol content determination， and to screen for the optimal dose. Ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic field orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS） was used to analyze and identify intestinal absorption fractions of ZRH intestinal absorption fluids， and partial least squares-discriminant analysis（PLS-DA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） were performed on different doses of ZRH intestinal absorption fluids using SIMCA 13.0 with peak area as the independent variable and the pharmacodynamic indicators as the dependent variables to screen the compounds with variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>1.0 as contributing components， and Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the spectral effect relationship， determined the compounds and positive correlation with pharmacodynamic were as active ingredients. Molecular docking was used to verify the binding energy of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α（PPARα）， PPARγ， PPARβ， human retinoid X receptor α（RXRA） and nuclear transcription factor-κB（NF-κB） with the active ingredients in ZRH intestinal absorption fluids. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR） was performed to detect the mRNA levels of PPARγ， scavenger receptor A1（SRA1） and adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter A1（ABCA1） in RAW264.7 cells， Westen blot was used to detect the expression level of PPARγ protein in RAW264.7 cells， and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） was used to detect the levels of interleukin（IL）-1β and NF-κB in RAW264.7 cells. ResultAccording to the results of oil red O staining and cholesterol content determination， the ZRH intestinal absorption fluids could significantly reduce macrophage foaming， and intestinal absorption fluids with 15， 20 times clinical equivalent doses had the best effect， the 15-fold ZRH intestinal absorption fluid was finally determined as the study subject. Spectral effect relationship showed that 52 corresponding peaks in the ZRH-containing intestinal fluid were positively correlated with the efficacy， including organic acids， phenylpropanoids， iridoids， flavonoids， bile acids， coumarins and chromones. Target validation results showed that 86.9%-96.2% of the total components processed good binding activities with the key targets of PPARα， PPARγ， PPARβ， RXRA and NF-κB， and the docking energy values were all less than -6.0 kcal·mol^-1（1 cal≈4.19 J）. The results of validation showed that， compared with the normal group， the model group showed a significant increase in the levels of SRA1 and PPARγ mRNA expression， a significant decrease in ABCA1 mRNA expression， a significant increase in the level of PPARγ protein expression， and a significant increase in the levels of IL-1β and NF-κB（P<0.01）， compared with the model group， the 15-fold intestinal absorption fluid group showed a significant decrease in the levels of SRA1 and PPARγ mRNA expression（P<0.05， P<0.01）， ABCA1 mRNA expression level was significantly up-regulated， the levels of IL-1β and NF-κB were significantly reduced（P<0.01）， and PPARγ protein expression level was significantly reduced（P<0.05）. ConclusionThis study identifies 52 components and their metabolites in ZRH intestinal absorption fluid that are positively correlated with the inhibition of macrophage foaming， which may be related to the regulation of the PPARs pathway in cells and the reduction of the levels of inflammatory factors， and can provide a reference for the quality control and clinical application of ZRH.

Objective To establish the methods of galvanic vestibular stimulation-vestibular evoked myogenic potentials(GVS-VEMPs)in healthy children and to obtain the normal value of GVS-cVEMP and GVS-oVEMP in these children in China.Methods Twenty(3～14 years)healthy children and 24 healthy adults(18～30 years)were enrolled for conventional examinations of GVS-cVEMP and GVS-oVEMP.Using the galvanic stimulation in-tensity under 3 mA/1 ms for children and 5 mA/1 ms for adults.The characteristics of elicitation and parameter re-sults of GVS-cVEMP and GVS-oVEMP in children and adults,as well as the pain scores and the elicitation of differ-ent stimulus intensities in the two age groups were recorded.Results The elicitation of GVS-cVEMP and GVS-oVEMP were both 100.0％in children and adult groups.The p1 latency,n1 latency and p1-n1 interval latency of GVS-cVEMP were 10.46±1.84 ms,16.98±2.12 ms and 6.52±1.42 ms respectively in children group,the n1 la-tency and p1-n1 interval latency were significantly shorter than the adult group(P＜0.05).The n1 latency,p1 la-tency and p1-n1 interval latency of GVS-oVEMP were 8.87±1.40 ms,12.25±1.80 ms and 3.39±1.07 ms re-spectively in children group with no significant difference between the two groups.The thresholds of GVS-cVEMP and GVS-oVEMP in children group were significantly lower than adult group(P＜0.01),but no differences were found in adult group regarding on the amplitude and interaural amplitude asymmetry ratio.In addition,with the in-crease of the intensity of galvanic stimulation,the correlation between pain scores and the elicitation rates of GVS-cVEMP and GVS-oVEMP also increased.Conclusion Using appropriate stimulus intensity and recording methods,GVS-cVEMP and GVS-oVEMP could be successfully assessed and detected in healthy children over 3 years old and adolescents.The latency of GVS-cVEMP in children is slightly shorter than that in adults,therefore we recommend selecting the matched age group for assessment in the children group.

Objective To observe the electromyography characteristics of children's handwriting with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),and explore its electrophysiological mechanism,so as to provide an objective basis for developing non-pharmacological treatment for such children.Methods Between September 2021 and April 2022,29 ADHD children were recruited from an ordinary public primary school and the psychiatric clinic of a class-3 grade-A hospital in Beijing.Among them,25 were boys and 4 were girls,with an average age of 8.21±1.78 years.Meanwhile,23 male and 5 fe-male healthy counterparts were selected with the age gap no more than 6 months.The Delsys wireless surface EMG system was used to collect the electromyographic signals of the abductor pollicis breve,the first dorsal interosseous muscle,the flexor radial carpi motor and the extensor finger muscles dur-ing their writing tasks such as tracing trajectories,writing Arabic numerals 0-9,26 small and capital English letters,Chinese characters one to ten and"Yong".The percentage of the averaged electromyog-raphy(AEMG)of a muscle in the sum value of all measured muscles,and the coefficient of differ-ence were selected to evaluate the muscle contribution rate and the consistency of exertion,respective-ly.Moreover,the independent sample t-test was employed to compare the two different groups with the significance set at α=0.05.Results There was a significant difference in the muscle contribution of abductor pollicis breve and first dorsal interosseous muscles when writing Arabic numerals and that of abductor pollicis breve muscles when writing Chinese characters between ADHD children(27.29%,25.58%and 27.53%)and their healthy counterparts(42.87%,19.96%and 37.13%)(P<0.05).Most muscle differentiation coefficients of ADHD children were higher than 100%,with that of the domi-nant hand radial wrist flexor muscle reaching 270%in the trajectory tracing task.Conclusion Accord-ing to the characteristics of EMG signals,school-age ADHD children show an immature writing pat-tern,including poor stability of writing-related muscles,insufficient control of small finger muscle groups,poor control of hand coordination,and insufficient muscle inhibition of non-dominant hand.It is recommended to conduct the electromyoelectric assessment of handwriting movements in ADHD chil-dren,so as to carry out targeted intervention at an early stage.

Objective:To observe any effect of fast walking on walking speed, 6-minute walking test (6MWT) time, and on serum levels of growth differentiation factor-8 (GDF-8) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in patients with sarcopenia.Methods:A total of 61 sarcopenia patients were randomly divided into an observation group ( n=31) and a control group ( n=30). Both groups were given conventional drug therapy. In addition, the observation group underwent 30-minutes of walking at 100-120 steps/min (about 60% of maximum heart rate) three times a week for 12 weeks. The control group also walked, but at 70-90 steps/min (less than 50% of maximum heart rate). Grip strength, walking speed, 6MWT time, skeletal muscle index (ASMI) and serum GDF-8 and IGF-1 were compared before and after the intervention. Results:There were no significant differences in grip strength or ASMI between observation group and control group (comparing males with males and females with females) before the experiment. Afterward, grip strength and ASMI in the observation group had increased significantly on average. Both were then significantly higher than the control groups′ averages, which had not changed significantly. Average walking speed, 6MWT time and serum IGF-1 levels had improved significantly in both groups, but the observation group′s average improvement was significantly greater. A significant decrease the average serum GDF-8 level was observed in the observation group, but not in the control group.Conclusion:Fast walking can improve the walking of persons with sarcopenia, raise serum IGF-1 levels, and significantly reduce serum GDF-8.

Objective To establish an HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of harpagide and harpagoside content in Scrophularia ningpoensis (SN). Methods An Eclipse C₁₈ column was used for determination of methanol extract of S. ningpoensis with a HPLC-PDA method and mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.03% phosphate solution in a gradient elution manner. The flow rate of mobile phase was 1.0 ml/min, and the detection wavelengths were 210 nm and 280 nm. Results Harpagide and harpagoside contents in SN showed good linear relationships within 0.1020-0.5100 mg/ml (r=0.9999) and 0.0340-0.1700 mg/ml (r=0.9999). Their average recovery rates were 97.44% and 97.08%.The RSDs were 0.93% and 1.24%.. There were significant differences in the contents of harpagide and harpagoside in SN from 15 origins (P<0.01). The content of harpagoside in Sichuan Long-dong, Zhejiang Lin-an, Zhejiang Pan-an and Henan Nan-feng is higher. Conclusion This method is stable, accurate and reproducible and can be used for the quality control of SN.

Objective To study the features and clinical value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT in prosthetic vascular graft infections (PVGIs) after endovascular aortic repair (EVAR).Methods Data of 27 patients (22 males and 5 females,age range:21-77 years,average age:42 years) who underwent PET/CT imaging after EVAR from October 2011 to January 2017 were studied retrospectively.A total of 11 cases were finally diagnosed as PVGIs (PVGIs group),and the remaining 16 cases were defined as the negative group.PET/CT imaging features were compared between two groups.The detection rates of PET/CT and aortic CT angiography (CTA) for PVGIs were calculated and compared.Two-sample t test and Fisher exact test were used for data analysis.Results Significant uptake of FDG around the stents was detected by PET/CT in all patients in PVGIs group.The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of 11 patients in early imaging was 14.9±3.3 (10.8-21.8) and that of 9 patients in delayed imaging was 13.8±3.4 (10.6-19.1).Six patients of the negative group underwent the delayed imaging.No uptake or mild uptake of FDG around the stents was observed in negative group,with the SUVmax of 1.7±0.8(1.0--2.9) in early imaging and 1.6±0.7(1.1-2.5) in delayed imaging.SUVmax in negative group was significantly lower than that in PVGIs group (t values:12.6 and 11.8,both P＜0.001).Five patients in PVGIs group were diagnosed as graft infections by the aortic CTA,while the remaining 6 cases showed no definitive infection signs on aortic CTA.The detection rate of aortic CTA was 5/11,which was significantly lower than that of PET/CT (P＜0.05).In negative group,6 patients had abnormal FDG uptakes in other areas and were finally confirmed as infectious lesions (n=3) or malignant tumors (n=3).Conclusion Compared with aortic CTA,18F-FDG PET/CT is more sensitive and accurate in detection and diagnosis of PVGIs after EVAR.