Background Platelet parameters are important indicators of cardiovascular risk, and environmental pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) may impair platelet function through oxidative stress. Objective To investigate the differential effects of single and mixed exposure to PCBs on platelet parameters among individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to evaluate the potential modifying role of a healthy lifestyle. Methods This study included 2249 participants (including 707 with NGT, 759 with IFG, and 783 with T2DM). Plasma PCB concentrations were measured using triple quadrupole gaschromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Generalized linear regression was used to assess the associations between individual PCB congeners and platelet parameters. Quantile g-computation (QGC) and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models were used to evaluate the overall effects of PCBs mixture exposure on platelet parameters across different glycemic states, as well as its interaction with healthy lifestyle score (HLS). Results Generalized linear regression analyses showed significant differences in the effects of PCBs on platelet parameters across different glycemic states (P<0.05). After adjusting for confounders, PCBs mixture exposure was significantly associated with lower platelet counts (PLT) in individuals with NGT (b=−10.60, 95%CI: −16.48, −4.71) and IFG (b=−12.91, 95%CI: −18.90, −6.92), whereas no significant association was observed in individuals with T2DM (P=0.051). Mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet-large cell ratio (P-LCR) increased significantly with higher PCBs exposure levels across all three groups (P<0.05). BKMR analysis showed a positive association between PCBs mixture exposure and P-LCR, with the strongest association observed in the NGT group. Furthermore, a significant interaction was observed between HLS and PCBs mixture exposure, and a higher HLS attenuated the effects of PCBs on P-LCR. Conclusion Glycemic glycemic states may modify the effects of PCBs on platelets. Individuals with NGT appear more sensitive to PCBs exposure, whereas the T2DM state may attenuate this effect. Moreover, healthy lifestyles, including not smoking, moderate alcohol consumption, maintaining moderate-to-high physical activity, a healthy diet, and an appropriate body mass index (BMI), may mitigate the adverse effects of most PCBs on platelet parameters.

Background Platelet parameters are important indicators of cardiovascular risk, and environmental pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) may impair platelet function through oxidative stress. Objective To investigate the differential effects of single and mixed exposure to PCBs on platelet parameters among individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to evaluate the potential modifying role of a healthy lifestyle. Methods This study included 2249 participants (including 707 with NGT, 759 with IFG, and 783 with T2DM). Plasma PCB concentrations were measured using triple quadrupole gaschromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Generalized linear regression was used to assess the associations between individual PCB congeners and platelet parameters. Quantile g-computation (QGC) and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models were used to evaluate the overall effects of PCBs mixture exposure on platelet parameters across different glycemic states, as well as its interaction with healthy lifestyle score (HLS). Results Generalized linear regression analyses showed significant differences in the effects of PCBs on platelet parameters across different glycemic states (P<0.05). After adjusting for confounders, PCBs mixture exposure was significantly associated with lower platelet counts (PLT) in individuals with NGT (b=−10.60, 95%CI: −16.48, −4.71) and IFG (b=−12.91, 95%CI: −18.90, −6.92), whereas no significant association was observed in individuals with T2DM (P=0.051). Mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet-large cell ratio (P-LCR) increased significantly with higher PCBs exposure levels across all three groups (P<0.05). BKMR analysis showed a positive association between PCBs mixture exposure and P-LCR, with the strongest association observed in the NGT group. Furthermore, a significant interaction was observed between HLS and PCBs mixture exposure, and a higher HLS attenuated the effects of PCBs on P-LCR. Conclusion Glycemic glycemic states may modify the effects of PCBs on platelets. Individuals with NGT appear more sensitive to PCBs exposure, whereas the T2DM state may attenuate this effect. Moreover, healthy lifestyles, including not smoking, moderate alcohol consumption, maintaining moderate-to-high physical activity, a healthy diet, and an appropriate body mass index (BMI), may mitigate the adverse effects of most PCBs on platelet parameters.

Objective To clarify the effect of unilateral activation of the dopamine type I receptor medium-sized multi-spiny neurons(D1-MSN)in the dorsal striatum of mice on speed.Methods The transgenic animals were combined with optogenetic experiments to specifically activate the D1-MSN in the dorsal striatum of mice at different frequencies and to analyze the rotational behavior and speed of mice when stimulating the D1-MSN.Results Unilateral activation of D1-MSN induces contralateral rotational behavior in mice and either increases or decreases speed.The mechanisms by which different frequencies affect the speed of mice differently.As the frequency of stimulus increased,the contralateral rotational behavior of the mice increased.Unilateral stimulus of D1-MSN increased speed and induced contralateral rotational behavior,and the rotational behavior increased with increasing stimulus frequency.In the experiment where D1-MSN stimulus did not induce rotational behavior,it was found that 5 Hz stimulus still induced an increase in speed,but 15 Hz and 25 Hz stimulus did not induce an increase in speed.Further analysis of the pre-stimulus locomotor state of the mice showed that 5 Hz,15 Hz and 25 Hz stimulus increased speed when the average speed before stimulus was less than 5 cm/s.However,15 Hz stimulus decreased the speed when the average speed before stimulus was greater than 5 cm/s.Conclusion Unilateral activation of D1-MSN in the dorsal striatum modulates speed and induces contralateral rotational behavior in mice,and is related to the frequency of stimulus and the locomotor state of the mice before stimulus.

Objective To clarify the effect of unilateral activation of the dopamine type I receptor medium-sized multi-spiny neurons(D1-MSN)in the dorsal striatum of mice on speed.Methods The transgenic animals were combined with optogenetic experiments to specifically activate the D1-MSN in the dorsal striatum of mice at different frequencies and to analyze the rotational behavior and speed of mice when stimulating the D1-MSN.Results Unilateral activation of D1-MSN induces contralateral rotational behavior in mice and either increases or decreases speed.The mechanisms by which different frequencies affect the speed of mice differently.As the frequency of stimulus increased,the contralateral rotational behavior of the mice increased.Unilateral stimulus of D1-MSN increased speed and induced contralateral rotational behavior,and the rotational behavior increased with increasing stimulus frequency.In the experiment where D1-MSN stimulus did not induce rotational behavior,it was found that 5 Hz stimulus still induced an increase in speed,but 15 Hz and 25 Hz stimulus did not induce an increase in speed.Further analysis of the pre-stimulus locomotor state of the mice showed that 5 Hz,15 Hz and 25 Hz stimulus increased speed when the average speed before stimulus was less than 5 cm/s.However,15 Hz stimulus decreased the speed when the average speed before stimulus was greater than 5 cm/s.Conclusion Unilateral activation of D1-MSN in the dorsal striatum modulates speed and induces contralateral rotational behavior in mice,and is related to the frequency of stimulus and the locomotor state of the mice before stimulus.

Objective To investigate the effect of Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool for Asia(OSTA)index on brachial ankle pulse wave velocity(baPWV)and its predictive value for peripheral atherosclerosis in menopausal women.Methods A total of 1 138 menopausal women who underwent physical examination at our hospital from January 2022 to December 2022 were enrolled in the study.General clinical data were collected,the OSTA index was calculated,and baPWV was measured.Patients were divided into the control group(n=539)and the peripheral atherosclerosis group(n=599)according to the baPWV values(peripheral atherosclerosis occurs with baPWV≥1 400 cm/s).Linear regression and Logistic regression were used to analyze the effect of OSTA index on baPWV in menopausal women.The predictive value of peripheral atherosclerosis was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results The OSTA index was lower in the peripheral atherosclerosis group than that in the control group[-0.40(-2.20,1.00)vs.0.40(-0.60,1.40),P＜0.05].Univariate linear regression analysis was used to conclude that the OSTA index was an influencing factor of baPWV,and after correcting for risk factors,multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that OSTA index still affected the value of baPWV(P＜0.05).The linear regression equation was baPWV=-27.911-39.752×OSTA+6.444×SBP+7.008×DBP+11.506×HCY+27.942×Hs-CRP.Logistic regression analysis suggested that increased OSTA index was a protective factor for peripheral atherosclerosis(OR=0.664,95%CI:0.535-0.823,P＜0.001).ROC curve analysis suggested that OSTA index was-1.25 as the optimal cutoff point,which predicted peripheral atherosclerosis with an area under the curve of 0.619,a sensitivity of 36.2%and a specificity of 86.3%.Conclusion In menopausal women,OSTA index is an influential factor for baPWV,and increased OSTA index is a protective factor against peripheral atherosclerosis,which can be used to predict baPWV value.

Objective To investigate the safety and clinical effect of prophylactic ileostomy using right lower abdominal specimen extraction incision in laparoscopic rectal low anterior resection and its impact on ileos-tomy closure.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 127 patients who underwent laparoscopic low anterior resection of rectal cancer combined with prophylactic ileostomy in Department of General Surgery in our hospital from January 2020 to December 2023.Patients were divided into observation group(n=60)and control group(n=67)based on whether with prophylactic ileostomy using the right lower abdominal specimen extraction incision or not.Relevant data and clinical data of ileostomy closure were compared between the two groups.Results(1)There was no significant difference in baseline clinical data between the two groups(P>0.05).(2)In terms of operation time,pain score within three days after surgery and postoperative first exhaust time,the observation group was better than the control group,showing statistical difference(P<0.05).In the observation group,the average length of the incision was longer than that in the control group,and it was significantly different between the two groups(P<0.05).There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of blood loss,post-operative feeding time and postoperative hospital stay(P>0.05).(3)There was no significant difference between the two groups in postoperative and ostomy-related complication S(P>0.05).(4)The observation group was better than the control group in terms of postoperative pain score and postoperative first exhaust time,indicating statistical significance(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in surgical time,abdominal adhesion,blood loss,postoperative hospital stay and postoperative complications between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion The patients undergoing laparoscopic rectal low anterior resection who needs prophylactic ileostomy using right lower abdominal specimen extraction incision can improve the appearance of the incision,shorten operation time,reduce postoperative pain of the patients but does not increase postoperative complications and the difficulty of ileostomy closure.It is safe and feasible,which worthy for clinical promotion.

Objective To explore the current research situation,hotspots and development trend in the field of acupuncture and mox-ibustion intervention for post-stroke dysphagia(PSD). Methods The literature on acupuncture and moxibustion intervention for PSD was retrieved from CNKI,VIP and Wan-fang database from 1994 to December 31st,2023,and analyzed with VOSviewer and CiteSpace. Results A total of 1 816 articles were included,and the number of publications increased year by year,reaching a peak in 2021 with 180 articles.There were 274 core authors included in the literature,among which Cheng Hongliang,Zhou Hongfei and Feng Weixing were the authors with the highest publication volume.The First Affiliated Hos-pital of Tianjin University of Chinese Medicine was the most productive institution,and the connections between institutions were relatively scattered.The high-frequency keywords were swallowing dysfunction,stroke,acu-puncture and moxibustion therapy,as well as rehabilitation therapy,among which tongue triple acupuncture,elec-troacupuncture,nape acupuncture and scalp acupuncture were the most commonly used methods.In addition,acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training,electrical stimulation,or other methods for PSD and acupoint selection rules were also research hotspots.When evaluating the efficacy of acupuncture intervention for PSD,the focus gradually shifted from the effective rate to the use of videofluorographic swallowing study,water swal-lowing test,standardized swallowing assessment,surface electromyography and other indicators to evaluate the swallowing function and the severity of dysphagia. Conclusion Research on acupuncture and moxibustion interventions for PSD has developed rapidly,with hotspots in-cluding the selection of specific acupuncture and moxibustion techniques,the combination of acupuncture and moxibustion with other rehabilitation therapies,outcome indicators for acupuncture and moxibustion interven-tions in PSD,and the rules of acupoint selection.In the future,it is essential to strengthen academic exchanges and collaborations across institutions and regions.Greater emphasis should be placed on objective evaluation in-dicators of acupuncture and moxibustion therapies for improving the swallowing function in PSD patients,as well as on optimizing combinations of acupuncture and moxibustion with modern rehabilitation approaches,so as to better guide clinical practice.

Objective:To understand the genome analysis and molecular typing of foodborne Yersinia enterocolitica ( Y.e) strains in Liaocheng City of Shandong Province from 2020 to 2021. Methods:The Y.e strains were isolated from raw meat and meat products. Then we made the strain identification, drug sensitivity test, virulence gene test, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and whole genome sequencing (WGS). The genome sequencing data were assembled with the microbial genome annotation package. We performed the multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) and used WGS-based single nucleotide polymorphism typing (wg-SNPs) method to carry out genetic evolution analysis with 14 domestic and Y.e genomes obtained from the NCBI. Results:A total of 21 strains of Y.e were detected from 165 samples, with a detection rate of 12.73%. The 20 strains of Y.e were sequenced successfully. The 20 strains of Y.e carries a variety of drug resistance genes and virulence genes, showing multiple drug resistance. The virulence gene PCR test showed that 21 strains of Y.e having two virulence genes. Cluster analysis of PFGE, MLST, and cgMLST showed that the genomics of 21 strains was highly diverse. The genetic evolution analysis of wg-SNPs showed that 20 Y.e strains could be divided into two main evolutionary branches. Conclusions:Y.e strains isolated from raw meat in Liaocheng City carry a variety of drug resistance genes and virulence genes, and the molecular typing is highly diverse, which may cause infection risk. The molecular biological monitoring of Y.e in raw meat should be strengthened, and genome sequencing and molecular typing detection be carried out to provide the theoretical basis for foodborne illness caused by Y.e.

Algae are a large group of photosynthetic organisms responsible for approximately half of the earth's total photosynthesis. In addition to their fundamental ecological roles as oxygen producers and as the food base for almost all aquatic life, algae are also a rich source of bioactive natural products, including several clinical drugs. Cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s) are a superfamily of biocatalysts that are extensively involved in natural product biosynthesis by mediating various types of reactions. In the post-genome era, a growing number of P450 genes have been discovered from algae, indicating their important roles in algal life-cycle. However, the functional studies of algal P450s remain limited. Benefitting from the recent technical advances in algae cultivation and genetic manipulation, the researches on P450s in algal natural product biosynthesis have been approaching to a new stage. Moreover, some photoautotrophic algae have been developed into "photo-bioreactors" for heterologous P450s to produce high-value added pharmaceuticals and chemicals in a carbon-neutral or carbon-negative manner. Here, we comprehensively review these advances of P450 studies in algae from 2000 to 2021.

Objective To study the features and clinical value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT in prosthetic vascular graft infections (PVGIs) after endovascular aortic repair (EVAR).Methods Data of 27 patients (22 males and 5 females,age range:21-77 years,average age:42 years) who underwent PET/CT imaging after EVAR from October 2011 to January 2017 were studied retrospectively.A total of 11 cases were finally diagnosed as PVGIs (PVGIs group),and the remaining 16 cases were defined as the negative group.PET/CT imaging features were compared between two groups.The detection rates of PET/CT and aortic CT angiography (CTA) for PVGIs were calculated and compared.Two-sample t test and Fisher exact test were used for data analysis.Results Significant uptake of FDG around the stents was detected by PET/CT in all patients in PVGIs group.The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of 11 patients in early imaging was 14.9±3.3 (10.8-21.8) and that of 9 patients in delayed imaging was 13.8±3.4 (10.6-19.1).Six patients of the negative group underwent the delayed imaging.No uptake or mild uptake of FDG around the stents was observed in negative group,with the SUVmax of 1.7±0.8(1.0--2.9) in early imaging and 1.6±0.7(1.1-2.5) in delayed imaging.SUVmax in negative group was significantly lower than that in PVGIs group (t values:12.6 and 11.8,both P＜0.001).Five patients in PVGIs group were diagnosed as graft infections by the aortic CTA,while the remaining 6 cases showed no definitive infection signs on aortic CTA.The detection rate of aortic CTA was 5/11,which was significantly lower than that of PET/CT (P＜0.05).In negative group,6 patients had abnormal FDG uptakes in other areas and were finally confirmed as infectious lesions (n=3) or malignant tumors (n=3).Conclusion Compared with aortic CTA,18F-FDG PET/CT is more sensitive and accurate in detection and diagnosis of PVGIs after EVAR.