Metabolic associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)is a type of fatty liver disease associated with systemic metabolic disorders,and its prevalence has been increasing year by year,becoming a major challenge to global public health.The development of MAFLD is associated with various factors,including obesity,dyslipidemia,diabetes and other factors.Excessive body fat,particularly increased visceral adiposity,contributes to hepatic fat accumulation.Abnormal blood lipid levels can also disrupt liver fat metabolism.The risk of MAFLD in patients with diabetes is greatly increased due to insulin resistance and other problems.Dietary interventions are considered an effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of MAFLD.In recent years,several dietary patterns,such as low-carbohydrate diets,intermittent fasting,and the Mediterranean diet,have been applied in clinical practice.Their primary mechanisms include reducing oxidative stress,regulating gut microbiota,and inducing fat autophagy.However,the responses to different dietary patterns vary among individuals due to differences in genes,lifestyle,and disease severity.Therefore,systematically evaluating the effects and mechanisms of these dietary patterns in the prevention and treatment of MAFLD has significant clinical importance.This review compares the effects of different dietary patterns on improving liver function,hepatic fat content,blood glucose,and lipid levels,and analyzes their underlying mechanisms of intervention,to explore how to select personalized dietary strategies based on individual differences.It is intended to provide new insights for the precise prevention and treatment of MAFLD,thereby improving patients' outcomes and alleviating the burden on public health.

Metabolic associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)is a type of fatty liver disease associated with systemic metabolic disorders,and its prevalence has been increasing year by year,becoming a major challenge to global public health.The development of MAFLD is associated with various factors,including obesity,dyslipidemia,diabetes and other factors.Excessive body fat,particularly increased visceral adiposity,contributes to hepatic fat accumulation.Abnormal blood lipid levels can also disrupt liver fat metabolism.The risk of MAFLD in patients with diabetes is greatly increased due to insulin resistance and other problems.Dietary interventions are considered an effective strategy for the prevention and treatment of MAFLD.In recent years,several dietary patterns,such as low-carbohydrate diets,intermittent fasting,and the Mediterranean diet,have been applied in clinical practice.Their primary mechanisms include reducing oxidative stress,regulating gut microbiota,and inducing fat autophagy.However,the responses to different dietary patterns vary among individuals due to differences in genes,lifestyle,and disease severity.Therefore,systematically evaluating the effects and mechanisms of these dietary patterns in the prevention and treatment of MAFLD has significant clinical importance.This review compares the effects of different dietary patterns on improving liver function,hepatic fat content,blood glucose,and lipid levels,and analyzes their underlying mechanisms of intervention,to explore how to select personalized dietary strategies based on individual differences.It is intended to provide new insights for the precise prevention and treatment of MAFLD,thereby improving patients' outcomes and alleviating the burden on public health.

Restless legs syndrome(RLS)occasionally occurs during the treatment of depression;however,restless arms syndrome,which manifests solely as or predominantly as discomfort in the upper limbs,is quite rare.This article reports a case of an elderly female patient with depression who developed nocturnal pain in the right upper limb and an urge to move it following the administration of mianserin.After increasing the dosage of mianserin,these symptoms worsened significantly which led to a diagnosis of restless arm syndrome.The above-mentioned discomfort disappeared after mianserin was discontinued.Since restless arm syndrome caused by mianserin is relatively rare,this case is presented to alert clinicians.

Restless legs syndrome(RLS)occasionally occurs during the treatment of depression;however,restless arms syndrome,which manifests solely as or predominantly as discomfort in the upper limbs,is quite rare.This article reports a case of an elderly female patient with depression who developed nocturnal pain in the right upper limb and an urge to move it following the administration of mianserin.After increasing the dosage of mianserin,these symptoms worsened significantly which led to a diagnosis of restless arm syndrome.The above-mentioned discomfort disappeared after mianserin was discontinued.Since restless arm syndrome caused by mianserin is relatively rare,this case is presented to alert clinicians.

Osteoporosis can be induced by various factors including prolonged glucocorticoid usage, diminished estrogen levels, secondary hyperparathyroidism, and alterations in the microenvironment of bone tissue. The bone metabolism imbalance(osteogenic-lipogenic imbalance) plays a crucial role in the development of osteoporosis. This imbalance is primarily driven by an increase in the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into adipocytes and a decrease in their differentiation into osteoblasts, thus forming the core of the osteogenic-lipogenic imbalance observed in osteoporosis. The bone morphogenesis protein(BMP) plays a crucial role in the regulation of the osteogenic-lipid balance in osteoporosis. This regulatory function is accomplished through both the Smad-dependent and Smad-independent pathways. This review centers on the Smad-dependent and Smad-independent pathways facilitated by BMP, offering a comprehensive overview of the potential mechanisms through which BMP-2, 4, 6, 7, and 9 contribute to the regulation of osteogenesis and lipid metabolism in osteoporosis via these pathways. In order to present novel insights for the identification of efficacious targets for clinical anti-osteoporosis medications.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an idiopathic and relapsing inflammatory bowel disease. Previous research has uncovered that macrophages play an indispensable role during the progression of UC. Macrophages in the mucus are stimulated via upstream cytokines or ligands from microorganisms and secrete numerous inflammatory cytokines to exacerbate the colitis. Consequently, precisely modulating macrophages has been an intriguing strategy in UC treatment recently. With the superiority of high efficiency, less toxicity, and sustained release, exploring macrophage-targeted nanodrugs has already become a mainstream approach in UC therapeutics. This review summarizes the strategy of targeting macrophages with nanodrugs and the potential biological mechanisms for UC treatment.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an idiopathic and relapsing inflammatory bowel disease. Previous research has uncovered that macrophages play an indispensable role during the progression of UC. Macrophages in the mucus are stimulated via upstream cytokines or ligands from microorganisms and secrete numerous inflammatory cytokines to exacerbate the colitis. Consequently, precisely modulating macrophages has been an intriguing strategy in UC treatment recently. With the superiority of high efficiency, less toxicity, and sustained release, exploring macrophage-targeted nanodrugs has already become a mainstream approach in UC therapeutics. This review summarizes the strategy of targeting macrophages with nanodrugs and the potential biological mechanisms for UC treatment.

Objective To systematically evaluate the medication experience of patients with chronic multimorbidities and to provide a reference for developing precise intervention programs to improve the medication experience of patients with chronic multimorbidities.Methods PubMed,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,Embase,CINAHL,PsycINFO,CNKI,Wanfang database,VIP database,and Chinese biomedical literature database were searched from the year of database establishment to October 2022,and qualitative studies on medication experiences of patients with chronic multimorbidities were retrieved.The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool for qualitative research(2016)in Australia was used to evaluate quality of the studies.A meta-synthesis method was used to integrate the results.Results A total of 11 articles were included,and 56 research results were extracted and integrated into 12 new categories,which were summarized into 4 integrated results:poor sensory experience of drugs,negative emotional and related experiences,reflective and behavioral experiences,and multi-dimensional debugging to improve medication experience.Conclusion The medication experience of patients with chronic multimorbidities should receive extensive attention from society and medical workers,and future research should be conducted to improve the level of patients'medication experience in 5 dimensions,including sensory experience,emotional experience,reflective experience,behavioral experience and associative experience,so as to provide a basis for further improving the medication experience of patients with chronic multimorbidities in China.

【Objective】 To establish a method for detecting human immunoglobulin Fc function based on surface plasmon resonance technology. 【Methods】 Based on the characteristic that FcγRI can be binded to the Fc segment of IgG, the affinity constant of the sample was detected by surface plasmon resonance, and its Fc function was the KD ratio of the sample to the standard. The method was validated for specificity/specificity, precision and robustness. The method and the pharmacopoeia method were used to detect the Fc function of 30 human immunoglobulins, and the correlation and consistency of the detection results were analyzed. 【Results】 The method validation results showed that this method has strong specificity/specificity (t values were 0.15, 0.22, both P>0.05), good precision (CV value 5.37%~10.69%) and good robustness (CV value 10.06%). The detection results of this method and the pharmacopoeia method have high correlation (r=0.96, P<0.05) and high consistency (Bias-2.060, 95% Limits of Agreement-5.628~1.508). 【Conclusion】 A method for detecting human immunoglobulin Fc function based on surface plasmon resonance has been successfully established.

Plasma protein products, essential drugs for various clinical diseases, are therapeutic biological products extracted from healthy human plasma. The research and development of new plasma protein products, led by United States and European, has been widely deepened and enhanced. Therefore, accelerating the development of new plasma protein products in China is of great significance. This review summarizes the research and development of plasma protein products that have been marketed abroad but have not produced in China, as well as analyzes the difficulties and prospects of the development of plasma protein products in China.