Porphyromonas gingivalis is an important pathogenic bacterium causing a variety of oral and systemic diseases. The LuxS/AI-2 quorum sensing system plays a key role in regulating numerous physiological processes such as biofilm formation, virulence factors and drug resistance in Porphyromonas gingivalis. Quorum sensing inhibitors are a new potential antibiotic substitute, a new method to control bacterial infection under the inhibition of biofilm formation, bacterial virulence and no induction of antibiotic resistance. This review is a summary of the research progress of the LuxS/AI-2 quorum sensing system in regulating biofilm formation, virulence, resistance and quorum sensing inhibitors in Porphyromonas gingivalis, and provides a theoretical basis for further research on the inhibitory targets of the LuxS/AI-2 quorum sensing system in Porphyromonas gingivalis.

Porphyromonas gingivalis is an important pathogenic bacterium causing a variety of oral and systemic diseases. The LuxS/AI-2 quorum sensing system plays a key role in regulating numerous physiological processes such as biofilm formation, virulence factors and drug resistance in Porphyromonas gingivalis. Quorum sensing inhibitors are a new potential antibiotic substitute, a new method to control bacterial infection under the inhibition of biofilm formation, bacterial virulence and no induction of antibiotic resistance. This review is a summary of the research progress of the LuxS/AI-2 quorum sensing system in regulating biofilm formation, virulence, resistance and quorum sensing inhibitors in Porphyromonas gingivalis, and provides a theoretical basis for further research on the inhibitory targets of the LuxS/AI-2 quorum sensing system in Porphyromonas gingivalis.

Objectives:To compare and analyze the MRI characteristics and fatty infiltration(FI)of the lum-bar spine in patients with and without osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture(OVCF)to explore their rela-tionships with fracture.Methods:46 patients with OVCF(70.67±11.99 years old;11 males,35 famales)were retrospectively analyzed,and 46 age-(70.76±5.40)and sex-(11 males,35 famales)matched osteoporotic pa-tients without OVCF were taken as the control group.Paravertebral muscle FI,cross-sectional area(CSA),and vertebral bone quality(VBQ)score were measured on lumbar MRI.Independent samples t-test was used to compare the differences between the OVCF group and the control group,and regression analysis was per-formed to explore the risk factors for the development of OVCF.Results:Patients in the OVCF group had significantly higher VBQ scores(P＜0.05)and significantly higher paravertebral muscle FI(P＜0.05)than those in the control group.There was no significant difference in CSA of paravertebral muscles between the two groups.VBQ score(OR=1.963,P＜0.01)and FI of paravertebral muscles represented by L4(OR=1.203,P＜0.01)were the independent risk factors for OVCF.Conclusions:The MRI parameters of lumbar spine in patients with OVCF had greater VBQ scores and paravertebral muscle FI compared with the osteoporotic patients without OVCF;VBQ scores and paravertebral muscle FI are the independent risk factors for OVCF,and at-tentions should be paid to improve paravertebral muscle functions in the meantime of preventing OVCF.

Objective:To analyze the clinical data on hospitalized spinal cord injury patients with calf muscle vein thromboses (MCVTs) seeking prevention and treatment techniques.Methods:The medical records of 423 patients with spinal cord injury were collected. Those with MCVT constituted the observation group, while those without served as controls. Their clinical data were compared.Results:The risk factors for MCVT were screened in logistic regression analyses. The results showed that age, an ASIA grade of A or B, spinal fusion, preventive anticoagulation, physiotherapy treatment and a homocysteine level >15μmol/L were risk factors for the occurrence of a MCVT.Conclusions:Age, an ASIA grade of A or B, spinal fusion or an elevated serum homocysteine level are all risk factors for MCVT. Active anticoagulation and physical therapy may reduce the risk.

ObjectiveTo investigate the expression of the neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase 1 (NCEH1) gene in liver cancer tissue and human hepatoma cell lines and the effect of NCEH1 gene knockdown on the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis abilities of human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cells. MethodsLiver cancer tissue samples and adjacent tissue samples were collected from 32 patients with liver cancer who underwent surgical treatment in Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University from January 2013 to June 2019, and quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the relative expression level of the NCEH1 gene. Gene expression data of liver cancer samples up to September 2020 were downloaded from the ICGC database, and R software was used to analyze the data and obtain the expression level of the NCEH1 gene in each sample. The paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test were used to investigate the differences between liver cancer tissue and adjacent tissue. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the expression level of the NCEH1 gene in human hepatoma SMMC-7721, Bel-7402, HepG2, and Hep3B cells and normal human HL7702 liver cells. The lentivirus-mediated small interfering RNA (siRNA) technique was used to establish a human hepatoma SMMC-7721 cell line with NCEH1 gene knockdown, and the cells were divided into NCEH1 knockdown group (KD group) and negative control group (NC group); quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the knockdown efficiency of the NCEH1 gene, and then MTT assay, flow cytometry with Annexin V-APC single staining, wound healing assay, Transwell assay, and Transwell chamber invasion assay were used to measure the proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, and invasion abilities of SMMC-7721 cells in both groups. The t-test was used for statistical analysis of data between the two groups. ResultsThe mean expression level of the NCEH1 gene in liver cancer tissue was significantly higher than that in adjacent tissue (specimens from our hospital: Z=2.263, P=0.024; ICGC database: U=18 768, P＜0.001). SMMC-7721 cell line with moderate potential of invasion and metastasis had the highest expression level of the NCEH1 gene, followed by BEL-7402 and HepG2 cell lines with low potential of invasion and metastasis, and Hep3B cell line without the potential of invasion and metastasis had the lowest expression level. The KD group had a significantly lower expression level of the NCEH1 gene than the NC group (t=11.578, P=0000 3), and the knockdown efficiency of the NCEH1 gene was as high as 74.0%. Compared with the NC group, the KD group had a significant reduction in cell growth rate, a significant increase in apoptosis rate, and significant reductions in migration rate and the number of metastatic and invasive cells (t=32.100, 27.303, 9.51, 38.123, and 22.331, all P＜0.001). Conclusion There is a significant increase in the expression of the NCEH1 gene in liver cancer tissue and cell lines, and the NCEH1 gene can promote the growth, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of hepatoma cells and inhibit their apoptosis, suggesting that it may be a potential therapeutic target for liver cancer.

Exosomes contain ample non-coding RNAs,which mainly function as regulating gene expression and play key roles in the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma.Exosomal non-coding RNAs are expected to become a new biopsy marker for hepatocellular carcinoma,providing a new means for early diagnosis and early treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.Although the clinical application of exosomal non-coding RNAs is still insufficient at present,exosomal non-coding RNAs will play an increasingly important role in the diagnosis,personalized treatment and prognosis evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma with the deepening of research.

The mechanism of cell transplantation in repairing spinal cord injury mainly include replacing damaged neurons, protecting host neurons, preventing apoptosis, promoting axon regeneration and synapse formation, promoting myelination and secreting nutritional factors to improve microenvironment. A variety of cells have been used to repair spinal cord injury in animal models with certain effects, but the repair effect on complete injury is not obvious. Due to the difficulty in repairing spinal cord injury and the complexity of high-quality clinical studies, there lacks safe and effective comprehensive treatment method to maximize the improvement and recovery of patients' motor function. In order to summarize the research progress of cell therapy in the treatment of spinal cord injury and promote the in-depth study in this field, this article reviews various cell repair methods for spinal cord injury in aspects of their current status, safety and effectiveness and discusses the prospects of cell repair of spinal cord injury.

Changes in metabolism after spinal cord injury cause many nutritional problems, leading to an increased incidence of dyslipidemia, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Unreasonable diet structure will promote the occurrence of metabolic abnormalities, induce secondary lesions, and increase mortality in patients with spinal cord injury at early stage. A comprehensive intervention including exercise, diet and dietary supplements is needed .

Objective Non-muscle myosin heavy chain ⅡA (NMHC ⅡA ) plays a significant role in tumor progression and metastasis .Our prior study showed that the expression of NMHC ⅡA was much higher in human bladder cancer sample than that in adjacent tissue .The increased level of NM HC ⅡA expression was correlated with worse prognosis .However ,the role of NMHC ⅡA is unknown in the invasion and metastasis of bladder cancer .Methods RT-PCR and western blotting were used to examine NMHC ⅡA expression lev-els in normal bladder epithelial cells and bladder cancer cell lines .T he migration and invasion ability of cells was tested by wound healing assay and Transwell invasion assay ,respectively .Results Our study showed that knockdown of NMHC ⅡA inhibited migration and invasion in bladder cancer cell line .Conclusion The study indicated that NM HC ⅡA expression increased the invasion and metastasis ability of bladder cancer cell line in vitro .

Neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) often occurs after spinal cord injury, which often causes urinary tract infection, vesi-coureteral reflux, or even renal failure, and seriously impacts on the patient's quality of life. This paper reviewed the mechanism, the com-mon treatment methods, and neuromodulation theray of NDO after spinal cord injury, and elaborated percutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation, pudendal nerve regulation and the sacral neuromodulation respectively.