Ocular myasthenia gravis(OMG)is the subtype of myasthenia gravis with the miklest symptoms The current detection methods for OMG have limited sensitivity or specificity.Oral pyridostigmine and glucocorticoids,as conventional treatments,have limited effects in simple OMG cases and are prone to cause a series of side effects.This article introduces the positive manifestations and advantages of Repetitive Ocular Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials,the potential of Video-oculography and detection of AChR-Ab in tear fluid for auxiliary diagnosis,and the exploration of ocular injection of hormones in the treatment of OMG.It was demonstrated that female gender and AChR-Ab are risk factors for the progression of OMG to generalized myasthenia gravis.Immunosuppressive therapy reduces the possibility of OMG progression,and the elevation of microRNA has extremely high sensitivity in predicting disease progression.Furthermore,attention should be paid to the fact that multiple biological agents can include OMG-like symptoms.

Ocular myasthenia gravis(OMG)is the subtype of myasthenia gravis with the miklest symptoms The current detection methods for OMG have limited sensitivity or specificity.Oral pyridostigmine and glucocorticoids,as conventional treatments,have limited effects in simple OMG cases and are prone to cause a series of side effects.This article introduces the positive manifestations and advantages of Repetitive Ocular Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials,the potential of Video-oculography and detection of AChR-Ab in tear fluid for auxiliary diagnosis,and the exploration of ocular injection of hormones in the treatment of OMG.It was demonstrated that female gender and AChR-Ab are risk factors for the progression of OMG to generalized myasthenia gravis.Immunosuppressive therapy reduces the possibility of OMG progression,and the elevation of microRNA has extremely high sensitivity in predicting disease progression.Furthermore,attention should be paid to the fact that multiple biological agents can include OMG-like symptoms.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effects of Fourteen-Needle Awakening Acupuncture combined with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation(rTMS)on post-stroke patients with minimally conscious state(MCS).Methods Sixty MCS patients admitted to the Rehabilitation Department of Guangdong Second Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital between December 2023 and December 2024 were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group,with 30 cases in each group.Both groups received conventional awakening therapy.The control group received additional sham rTMS,while the observation group received Fourteen-Needle Awakening Acupuncture combined with rTMS.The treatment duration was 14 days for both groups.After two weeks,awakening status was evaluated.Changes in Coma Recovery Scale-Revised(CRS-R)scores,Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS)scores,Full Outline of Unresponsiveness(FOUR)scores,as well as serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and neuron-specific enolase(NSE)were compared between groups before and after treatment.Results(1)After treatment,17 patients in the observation group regained consciousness,with a recovery rate of 56.67％(17/30);9 patients in the control group regained consciousness,with a recovery rate of 30.00％(9/30).The recovery rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).(2)After treatment,the CRS-R scores in both groups were significantly improved(P＜0.05),with the observation group showing a greater degree of improvement(P＜0.05).(3)After treatment,the FOUR scores and GCS scores of both groups were significantly improved(P＜0.05),with the observation group showing a greater degree of improvement(P＜0.05).(4)After treatment,the serum VEGF and NSE levels of both groups were significantly improved(P＜0.05),with the observation group showing a greater degree of improvement(P＜0.05).Conclusion Fourteen-Needle Awakening Acupuncture combined with rTMS effectively enhances cortical excitability and modulates electrophysiological activity of cerebral neurons in post-stroke MCS patients.This combined therapy demonstrates positive therapeutic effects in improving MCS and significantly accelerates consciousness recovery.

Zebrafish is an emerging animal model for studies on auditory system.This model presents high comparability with humans,good accessibility to the hearing organ,and high throughput capacity.To better utilize this animal model,methodologies need to be used to quantify the hearing function of the zebrafish.Zebrafish displays a series of innate and robust behavior related to its auditory function.Here,we reviewed the advantage of using zebrafish in auditory research and then introduced three behavioral tests,as follows:the startle response,the vestibular-ocular reflex,and rheotaxis.These tests are discussed in terms of their physiological characteristics,up-to-date technical development,and apparatus description.Test limitation and areas to improve are also introduced.Finally,we revealed the feasibility of these applications in zebrafish behavioral assessment and their potential in the high-throughput screening on hearing-related genes and drugs.