Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) are a type of innate immune cells with adaptive immune function, which can secrete a variety of cytokines and regulate immune response. In recent years, more and more studies have confirmed that there are abundant ILC in the lamina propria of the human intestinal mucosa, and are closely related to the occurrence and development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) . When intestinal inflammation occurs, the composition of ILC also appears abnormal. This article reviews the role of abnormal composition of ILC in the occurrence and development of IBD from the aspects of composition and function of ILC, the influence of its abnormal composition on IBD and possible mechanisms.

Patients with Crohn's disease (CD) are often complicated with malnutrition and enteral nutrition is the preferred option for nutritional support. Enteral nutrition is the first-line therapy to induce remission of CD in children, but its application in adults has not been well established. In recent years, studies have found that enteral nutrition can not only improve the nutritional status in adult CD patients, but also induce and maintain CD remission through various mechanisms. Given its favorable nutritional efficacy and safety, enteral nutrition has been considered as the basic treatment for adult CD patients and often used in combination with other treatment approaches. However, any combination therapy should be assessed in terms of benefit and risk. This review aims to describe the efficacy and safety of enteral nutrition combined with other treatment approaches in adult CD patients and enumerate common applicable clinical settings, so as to better inform clinical treatment.

Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) are a type of innate immune cells with adaptive immune function, which can secrete a variety of cytokines and regulate immune response. In recent years, more and more studies have confirmed that there are abundant ILC in the lamina propria of the human intestinal mucosa, and are closely related to the occurrence and development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) . When intestinal inflammation occurs, the composition of ILC also appears abnormal. This article reviews the role of abnormal composition of ILC in the occurrence and development of IBD from the aspects of composition and function of ILC, the influence of its abnormal composition on IBD and possible mechanisms.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (SRUS) .Methods:Retrospective analysis was performed on the data of 26 patients with SRUS diagnosed by pathology and admitted to Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from June 2015 to November 2019. A descriptive method was used to collect the general information, clinical manifestations, endoscopy, pathological examination, treatment and prognosis of patients.Results:A total of 26 patients were enrolled, including 11 males and 15 females, with average age of (41.96±13.83) years old and median duration of 21 (0.2-480) months from onset to diagnosis. The main clinical manifestations were rectal bleeding in 15 (57.69%) cases, rectal prolapse in 9 (34.62%) , perianal pain in 6 (23.08%) , body mass loss in 6 (23.08%) and rectal mucus in 5 (19.23%) . Seventeen patients underwent endoscopic examination, endoscopic features included ulcer in 6 (35.29%) cases, rectal polyp in 5 (29.41%) , protuberance in 4 (23.53%) , hyperplasia and swelling in 4 (23.53%) , erosion in 3 (17.65%) , either alone or in combination. Histological examination of rectal biopsies revealed that the characteristic features were mucosal surface erosion and ulcer in 11 (42.31%) cases, lamina propria fibrosis in 8 (30.77%) , mucosal gland deletion or decreased secretion in 6 (23.08%) , inflammatory cell infiltration in 5 (19.23%) , vascular changes in 5 (19.23%) , and crypts alteration in 4 (15.38%) . Five patients (19.23%) received medical treatment and 21 patients (80.77%) received surgery. Symptoms except rectal prolapse disappeared or were improved in all the patients after treatment.Conclusion:The clinical and endoscopic features of SRUS are variable. Pathology is crucial for diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Both the medical and surgical treatment are effective for SRUS.

The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) , especially mucosal immunity, has made rapid progress, and the emergence of cytokine targets has greatly promoted the treatment of IBD. According to the different effects, biological agents targeting cytokines can be divided into anti-inflammatory cytokine-derived biological agents and pro-inflammatory cytokine-derived biological agents, which are currently in different stages of research. This article reviews the application and prospect of cytokine-derived biological agents in maintaining intestinal immune balance, and provides some reference for clinical treatment of IBD.

Anxiety and depression are common in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), especially in patients with complex and active disease. IBD promotes the occurrence of anxiety and depression, while anxiety and depression also affect the progression of IBD. However, the pathogenesis has not been fully clarified, which is related mainly to inflammation, immune activation and brain-gut axis. Clinically, psychological disorders could be screened and identified by quantifiable assessment tools. Appropriate psychotherapy and psychiatric drugs can reduce the level of anxiety and depression and improve the quality of life of patients. This article reviewed the anxiety and depression related to IBD and its intervention.

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (SRUS) .Methods:Retrospective analysis was performed on the data of 26 patients with SRUS diagnosed by pathology and admitted to Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from June 2015 to November 2019. A descriptive method was used to collect the general information, clinical manifestations, endoscopy, pathological examination, treatment and prognosis of patients.Results:A total of 26 patients were enrolled, including 11 males and 15 females, with average age of (41.96±13.83) years old and median duration of 21 (0.2-480) months from onset to diagnosis. The main clinical manifestations were rectal bleeding in 15 (57.69%) cases, rectal prolapse in 9 (34.62%) , perianal pain in 6 (23.08%) , body mass loss in 6 (23.08%) and rectal mucus in 5 (19.23%) . Seventeen patients underwent endoscopic examination, endoscopic features included ulcer in 6 (35.29%) cases, rectal polyp in 5 (29.41%) , protuberance in 4 (23.53%) , hyperplasia and swelling in 4 (23.53%) , erosion in 3 (17.65%) , either alone or in combination. Histological examination of rectal biopsies revealed that the characteristic features were mucosal surface erosion and ulcer in 11 (42.31%) cases, lamina propria fibrosis in 8 (30.77%) , mucosal gland deletion or decreased secretion in 6 (23.08%) , inflammatory cell infiltration in 5 (19.23%) , vascular changes in 5 (19.23%) , and crypts alteration in 4 (15.38%) . Five patients (19.23%) received medical treatment and 21 patients (80.77%) received surgery. Symptoms except rectal prolapse disappeared or were improved in all the patients after treatment.Conclusion:The clinical and endoscopic features of SRUS are variable. Pathology is crucial for diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Both the medical and surgical treatment are effective for SRUS.

The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) , especially mucosal immunity, has made rapid progress, and the emergence of cytokine targets has greatly promoted the treatment of IBD. According to the different effects, biological agents targeting cytokines can be divided into anti-inflammatory cytokine-derived biological agents and pro-inflammatory cytokine-derived biological agents, which are currently in different stages of research. This article reviews the application and prospect of cytokine-derived biological agents in maintaining intestinal immune balance, and provides some reference for clinical treatment of IBD.