Sea-air joint search and rescue（SAR）is an effective way for saving pilots in distress. This paper explores the characteristics and requirements of joint SAR for pilots in distress at sea，and in view of the existing problems of maritime SAR，it puts forward countermeasures to improve the sea-air joint SAR capabilities，including establishing a more efficient sea-air joint SAR mechanism，strengthening training in real combat conditions of sea-air joint SAR，and improving the capacity building of SAR special equipment.

Sea-air joint search and rescue（SAR）is an effective way for saving pilots in distress. This paper explores the characteristics and requirements of joint SAR for pilots in distress at sea，and in view of the existing problems of maritime SAR，it puts forward countermeasures to improve the sea-air joint SAR capabilities，including establishing a more efficient sea-air joint SAR mechanism，strengthening training in real combat conditions of sea-air joint SAR，and improving the capacity building of SAR special equipment.

Objective To summarize the researches on sustained acceleration physiology from 2007 to 2016 and provide references to conduct Chinese pilots′ human centrifuge training , reduce G-induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC) and ensure flight safety. Literature resource and selection Abstracts in this field published in Aerospace Medical Association (AsMA) annual scientific meeting from 2007 to 2016. Literature quotation Forty abstracts on sustained acceleration physiology published in the AsMA annual scientific meeting from 2007 to 2016 were cited. Literature synthesis The important contents of abstracts on sustained acceleration physiology published in the AsMA annual scientific meeting from 2007 to 2016 were analyzed.Research progress on G-protective methods ,high-G training ,G-LOC influence and pilots′ physiology training were mainly reviewed. Anti-G effect of anti-G suit ,generality and training injury of high G centrifuge training ,threat to flight safety induced by G-LOC ,as well as neck muscle training ,anti-G straining maneuver training and training effect demands in physiological training of pilots were mainly reviewed.The suggestions on the sustained acceleration research were proposed on the basis of the related foreign research analysis. Conclusions Some advances have been obtained in foreign researches on sustained acceleration.It is of great importance for improving our aviation medical research level to strength the related scientific researches on preventive equipment of sustained acceleration ,pursue the forewarning and recovery of pilots′ G-LOC , promote human centrifuge training methods and effectiveness research.

Objective To provide objective basis to the authorities for making health policies and aeromedical support measures by investigating the disease spectrum and its variations of the Air Force flying personnel who are grounded by medical reasons. Methods The data of the medical grounding flying personnel of Air Force ,that were collected by the cluster sampling from January 1st , 1987 to December 31st ,2002 ,were retrospectively investigated.The database entry was completed by EpiData 3.0 and the double entry verification was used to ensure the quality.Data collation and statistical analysis were conducted by Excel 2003 and SPSS 11.5. Results ①From 1987 to 2002 ,the youngest age of medical grounding flying personnel of Air Force was 22 years old ,the oldest age was 52 years old ,and the average age was 33.42 years old.The number of the grounding personnel younger than or equal to 35 years old accounted for 62.98%,while the personnel older than 40 years old for 13.89%.②The most common disease that caused the grounding from 1987 to 2002 was neuropsychiatric disease ,that was 164.61 times of the blood system disease which ranked 12th in spectrum.③The top ten diseases in the spectrum of the single disease that caused the grounding from 1987 to 2002 were headache ,syncope ,neurasthenia ,gastric ulcer ,viral hepatitis B ,hypertension , chronic gastroenteritis ,deaf ,ear barometric dysfunction and refractive errors.The composition ratio of top 10 diseases accounted for 58.24%.The top three were functional diseases. Conclusions The medical grounding flying personnel of Air Force show a trend to younger age.Functional diseases account for high proportion.Both flying personnel and aeromedical support personnel should pay attention to these.Taking preventive measures and strengthening the medical interventions are suggested.

Objective To summarize the researches on sustained acceleration physiology from 2007 to 2016 and provide references to conduct Chinese pilots′ human centrifuge training , reduce G-induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC) and ensure flight safety. Literature resource and selection Abstracts in this field published in Aerospace Medical Association (AsMA) annual scientific meeting from 2007 to 2016. Literature quotation Forty abstracts on sustained acceleration physiology published in the AsMA annual scientific meeting from 2007 to 2016 were cited. Literature synthesis The important contents of abstracts on sustained acceleration physiology published in the AsMA annual scientific meeting from 2007 to 2016 were analyzed.Research progress on G-protective methods ,high-G training ,G-LOC influence and pilots′ physiology training were mainly reviewed. Anti-G effect of anti-G suit ,generality and training injury of high G centrifuge training ,threat to flight safety induced by G-LOC ,as well as neck muscle training ,anti-G straining maneuver training and training effect demands in physiological training of pilots were mainly reviewed.The suggestions on the sustained acceleration research were proposed on the basis of the related foreign research analysis. Conclusions Some advances have been obtained in foreign researches on sustained acceleration.It is of great importance for improving our aviation medical research level to strength the related scientific researches on preventive equipment of sustained acceleration ,pursue the forewarning and recovery of pilots′ G-LOC , promote human centrifuge training methods and effectiveness research.

Objective To provide objective basis to the authorities for making health policies and aeromedical support measures by investigating the disease spectrum and its variations of the Air Force flying personnel who are grounded by medical reasons. Methods The data of the medical grounding flying personnel of Air Force ,that were collected by the cluster sampling from January 1st , 1987 to December 31st ,2002 ,were retrospectively investigated.The database entry was completed by EpiData 3.0 and the double entry verification was used to ensure the quality.Data collation and statistical analysis were conducted by Excel 2003 and SPSS 11.5. Results ①From 1987 to 2002 ,the youngest age of medical grounding flying personnel of Air Force was 22 years old ,the oldest age was 52 years old ,and the average age was 33.42 years old.The number of the grounding personnel younger than or equal to 35 years old accounted for 62.98%,while the personnel older than 40 years old for 13.89%.②The most common disease that caused the grounding from 1987 to 2002 was neuropsychiatric disease ,that was 164.61 times of the blood system disease which ranked 12th in spectrum.③The top ten diseases in the spectrum of the single disease that caused the grounding from 1987 to 2002 were headache ,syncope ,neurasthenia ,gastric ulcer ,viral hepatitis B ,hypertension , chronic gastroenteritis ,deaf ,ear barometric dysfunction and refractive errors.The composition ratio of top 10 diseases accounted for 58.24%.The top three were functional diseases. Conclusions The medical grounding flying personnel of Air Force show a trend to younger age.Functional diseases account for high proportion.Both flying personnel and aeromedical support personnel should pay attention to these.Taking preventive measures and strengthening the medical interventions are suggested.

After the current situation of knowledge service in aviation medicine was analyzed, the major problems in restrict security systems, few information access approaches, and difficulties in team construction for the knowledge service in aviation medicine were pointed out, with measures that should be taken in knowledge service put for-ward, such as keeping abreast of the key task in research of aviation medicine, making use of open access re-sources, digitalizing paper-type resources, organizing and revealing the knowledge in resources by making use of information technologies.

Objective To review aeromedical evacuation aircrafts in Russian army,on the purpose of poviding reference for aeromedical evacuation aircrafts construction in Chinese army.Literature resource and selection Related published literatures and information on internet about aeromedical evacuation.Literature quotation Thirty-one references were cited.Literature synthesis Special fixed wing aircraft and helicopter are equipped for aeromedical evacuation in Russian army.For example,Il-76MD " Bistoury",An-26M " Saver" and Mi-8MB "Bisectriх" were introduced.There were 3 electrified onboard cabins in Il-76MD,such as operation cabin,revival cabin and evacuation cabin.The wounded and ill personnel could be evacuated in the most comfort and safe way by Il-76MD in emergency.In An-26M,there were 4 functional compartments,namely operation compartment,intensive treatment compartment,service compartment and rest compartment for doctors and nurses.During flight the wounded and ill personnel could receive the medical monitoring,revival and intensive treatment on An-26M in accordance with their severity.Mi-8MB was equipped with modern rescue and revival modules,which could offer the wounded and ill personnel with high-level medical care on the ground and during flight.By the application and development for years the aeromedical evacuation aircrafts in Russian army show 2 characteristics:①the aeromedical evacuation aircrafts are developed in series and tied with specified purposes;②the aeromedical evacuation aircrafts equip with complete set medical equipment and enable the deployment covering almost all Russia.Conclusions By overviewing the aeromedical evacuation aircrafts of Russian army,we could obtain such revelations as building integrated aeromedical evacuation equipment system,improving rational design and arrangement of the flying hospital,developing ambulance helicopters in series as well as realizing the modernization and informationization of the medical equipment onboard.

Objective To review aeromedical evacuation aircrafts in Russian army,on the purpose of poviding reference for aeromedical evacuation aircrafts construction in Chinese army.Literature resource and selection Related published literatures and information on internet about aeromedical evacuation.Literature quotation Thirty-one references were cited.Literature synthesis Special fixed wing aircraft and helicopter are equipped for aeromedical evacuation in Russian army.For example,Il-76MD " Bistoury",An-26M " Saver" and Mi-8MB "Bisectriх" were introduced.There were 3 electrified onboard cabins in Il-76MD,such as operation cabin,revival cabin and evacuation cabin.The wounded and ill personnel could be evacuated in the most comfort and safe way by Il-76MD in emergency.In An-26M,there were 4 functional compartments,namely operation compartment,intensive treatment compartment,service compartment and rest compartment for doctors and nurses.During flight the wounded and ill personnel could receive the medical monitoring,revival and intensive treatment on An-26M in accordance with their severity.Mi-8MB was equipped with modern rescue and revival modules,which could offer the wounded and ill personnel with high-level medical care on the ground and during flight.By the application and development for years the aeromedical evacuation aircrafts in Russian army show 2 characteristics:①the aeromedical evacuation aircrafts are developed in series and tied with specified purposes;②the aeromedical evacuation aircrafts equip with complete set medical equipment and enable the deployment covering almost all Russia.Conclusions By overviewing the aeromedical evacuation aircrafts of Russian army,we could obtain such revelations as building integrated aeromedical evacuation equipment system,improving rational design and arrangement of the flying hospital,developing ambulance helicopters in series as well as realizing the modernization and informationization of the medical equipment onboard.

Objective To demonstrate medical aid techniques and ways of rescue helicopter,explore the variety and quantity of equipped medicines and instruments,develop medical aid equipment on board and solve the problems of lacking standard medical aid equipment in the rescue helicopter of our army.Methods The service demand of medical aid equipment in rescue helicopter was demonstrated by means of investigating and material analyzing.The medical aid equipment was developed.Results The technical specifications of technical methods,treatment principles and drugs,the volume of equipment goods and equipment were formed.The medical aid helicopter has features of small size and light weight,and has a fully furnished on fixation and spread of medical equipment.The helicopter of vibration,noise,jolt,low pressure has no effect on job status of the equipment,which performance stability and reached the design requirements.Conclusion The medical aid technique,method and equipment of rescue helicopter are researched to meet the needs of curing the wounded pilots who had to parachute in emergency situation and solve the problem of training demand in the army.