ObjectiveTo study the chemical constituents of Painong powder and the constituents absorbed into blood after oral administration to rats by ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic field orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS）. MethodsUPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS was employed for mass spectrometry data acquisition. The chemical constituents of Painong Powder and the constituents absorbed into blood were characterized and identified via Xcalibur 4.2 and Compound Discoverer v3.3.1 （CD） based on retention time， accurate molecular weights， secondary fragmentation ions， and comparison with reference standards and literature reports. ResultsA total of 176 chemical compounds， including 56 flavonoids， 42 triterpenoid saponins， 23 monoterpenes， 7 coumarins， 5 tannins， and other 43 compounds were identified from Painong powder. 49 components were identified in the rat plasma after oral administration of Painong powder， including 33 prototype constituents and 16 metabolites. The major metabolic pathways included hydrolysis in phase Ⅰ metabolic reactions， as well as methylation， sulfation， and glucuronidation in phase Ⅱ metabolic reaction. ConclusionThe method comprehensively identified the chemical constituents of Painong powder both in vitro and in vivo， and may provide a reference for the study of quality control and clinical applications.

Objective To study the correlation of cognitive dysfunction with autonomic nerve function damage in patients with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). Methods A total of 310 patients with CSVD admitted from June 2022 to June 2025 were included. Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) was applied for cognitive function assessment, and Scale for Outcomes in PD for Autonomic Symptoms (SCOPA-AUT) was used to evaluate autonomic nerve function damage. The incidence rate of autonomic nerve function damage, total score and dimensions scores of SCOPA-AUT were counted. According to the presence or absence of autonomic nerve function damage, the enrolled patients were categorized into damage group and non-damage group. The total score of MoCA and scores of dimensions were compared between both groups. Pearson correlation analysis model was utilized to analyze the correlation between total score of MoCA and scores of dimensions of SCOPA-AUT in patients with CSVD. Results Among the 310 patients, 63.87% cases (198 / 310) had autonomic nerve function damage. The SCOPA-AUT total score and scores of dimensions of gastrointestinal function, urinary system function, cardiovascular function, body temperature regulation, pupil movement and sexual function were (34.16 ± 10.41) points, (10.25 ± 3.31) points, (9.44 ± 2.89) points, (4.02 ± 1.66) points, (6.41 ± 2.35) points, (1.35 ± 0.49) points and (2.69 ± 0.81) points. The total score of MoCA and scores of language function, naming, delayed recall and attention in the damage group were lower than those in the non-damage group (P < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis results revealed that the total score, urinary system score, cardiovascular function score and body temperature regulation score of SCOPA-AUT were negatively correlated with the total score of MoCA (r = -0.545, -0.598, -0.607, -0.615, P < 0.05), and the gastrointestinal function score, pupil movement score and sexual function score were not significantly associated with total score of MoCA (P > 0.05). Conclusion The risk of autonomic nerve function damage is high in patients with CSVD, and it involves multiple systems and is closely related to the cognitive function of patients.

SMYD5 is a ribosomal methyltransferase with SET and MYND structural domains， which is a member of the SMYD family and is expressed in a variety of tissues， including ovary and testis. This enzyme participates in biological processes such as gene expression regulation， cell development and differentiation， and maintenance of genomic stability through ribosomal protein methylation modification. In recent years， research on SMYD5 has increased in cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma， gastric adenocarcinoma， and lung cancer. Studies have revealed that SMYD5 exhibits high expression levels in various diseases including hepatocellular carcinoma， gastric adenocarcinoma， lung cancer， and inflammatory bowel disease， influencing the progression of these conditions. This review summarizes the role of SMYD5 in hepatocellular carcinoma， inflammatory bowel disease， and other biological functions， aiming to provide a reference for related disease research.

Background: and Purpose In patients with large vessel occlusion (LVO), intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) frequently alters thrombus location; however, the clinical impact of this phenomenon remains unclear. We aimed to compare post-IVT thrombus dynamics between tenecteplase and alteplase and to evaluate the association between thrombus dynamics and 3-month outcomes. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed prospectively collected, multicenter data from consecutive patients with LVO who underwent bridging therapy between January 2022 and December 2024. Thrombus dynamics were classified as resolution, migration, or stability. Analyses incorporated propensity score matching with weighting to balance baseline characteristics. Results: Of the 806 initially included patients, 746 were included after matching (373 treated with tenecteplase and 373 treated with alteplase). The incidence of thrombus migration was significantly higher in the tenecteplase group than in the alteplase group (19.3% vs. 11.3%; odds ratio [OR]: 1.92; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.27–2.91). The advantage of tenecteplase over alteplase was restricted to patients with an IVT-to-puncture time of <60 minutes (18.6% vs. 6.2%; p=0.001) and was no longer significant when the interval ≥60 minutes (19.7% vs. 15.0%; p=0.204; pinteraction=0.043). Additionally, thrombus migration was associated with a better functional outcome (OR: 1.62; 95% CI 1.04–2.53). Finally, tenecteplase was associated with improved functional independence compared with alteplase (OR: 1.43; 95% CI 1.04–1.95). Conclusions Tenecteplase demonstrated superior efficacy in inducing thrombus migration compared with alteplase, particularly within 60 minutes of IVT administration. Thrombus migration independently predicted improved functional independence. These findings support the preferential use of tenecteplase for bridging therapy in patients with LVO.

Objective To investigate the malignant phenotypic characteristics of NIH/3T3 cells induced by hexavalent chromium compound under three-dimensional (3D) culture conditions. Methods NIH/3T3 cells in the logarithmic growth phase were divided into four groups: two-dimensional (2D) control group, 2D transformation group, 3D control group, and 3D transformation group. The 2D control group underwent conventional culture, while the 3D control group was cultured with Matrigel. The 2D and 3D transformation groups were exposed to hexavalent chromium compound at a concentration of 0.25 mg/L based on their respective control conditions. Malignant transformation of NIH/3T3 cells was assessed using a soft agar colony formation assay. Malignant phenotypes were evaluated through assays of cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, wound healing, Transwell migration, and Transwell invasion. Results Cells in both the 2D and 3D transformation groups exhibited anchorage-independent growth, indicating successful malignant transformation. The colony formation rate of cells in the 3D transformation group was higher than that in the 2D transformation group [(6.17±1.31)% vs (1.00±0.41)%, P<0.01]. Compared with the 3D control group, cell proliferation, apoptosis rate, and migration cell count decreased [(100.00±0.00)% vs (95.01±3.49)%, (9.32±0.43)% vs (7.12±0.40)%, (62.50±11.27) vs (48.33±7.31), all P<0.05], while invasion cell count increased [(57.17±9.68) vs (122.83±15.41), P<0.05], and the relative migration area at 12, 24, and 48 hours also increased in 3D transformation group [(4.32±2.09)% vs (10.75±0.45)%, (5.87±1.32)% vs (11.47±0.99)%, (8.74±1.34)% vs (11.79±0.93)%, all P<0.05]. The proportions of cells in G0/G1, S, and G2/M phases between the 3D transformation and 3D control groups had no significant differences (all P>0.05). Conclusion Hexavalent chromium compounds induce key malignant phenotypes in NIH/3T3 cells, including anchorage-independent growth, reduced apoptosis, and enhanced migratory and invasive capacities.

The high-quality development of new quality productivity and internal audit constitutes a significant theoretical and practical innovation under the background of the new era,jointly forming the key impetus for the sustainable development of public hospitals.Based on the connotation and characteristics of the new quality productivity and the high-quality development of internal audit,it expounds the internal logic of the two-way driving,analyzes the realistic challenges faced by the high-quality develop-ment of internal audit.Moreover,specific implementation paths are proposed from the aspects of policy guidance,service supply,resource allocation,talent cultivation,and data intelligence linkage.

OBJECTIVE To explore the implementation and standardized management of infection control core ele-ments in grass-roots medical institutions within county-level medical communities.METHODS From Mar.2024 to Apr.2024,the current status of implementation of infection control core elements in the grass-roots medical institu-tions within county-level medical communities was investigated by means of questionnaire survey and qualita-tive interview,and the implementation strategies were further explored.RESULTS The infection management or-ganizational system and functions of the two county-level medical institutions within the county medical communi-ties were completed,there is no independent hospital infection management department in the primary medical in-stitutions.The infection management personnel in the 16 grass-roots medical institutions were part-time person-nel,the personnel with the educational background below junior college accounted for 84.21％,the personnel with the professional background of nursing accounted for 100.00％,the personnel with less than 5 years of working experience accounted for 78.95％,none of them had an on-the-job training certificate.The monitoring programs of the county-level medical institutions within the county medical communities were completed,there was no infec-tion management monitoring information platform in the grass-roots medical institutions.The infection cases,hand hygiene,environmental health and occupational exposures were monitored by people.The grass-roots medi-cal institutions had the highest requirements for various professional trainings and increase of training contents of prevention and control of public health infectious diseases(100.00％).The county-level medical institutions had inadequate capabilities of professional examination of medical equipment replacement and construction of medi-cal architecture.CONCLUSION It is necessary for the country and local levels of governments to attach great importance to the implementation of the infection control core elements in the grass-roots medical institutions within the county-lev-el medical communities,establish the county-level regional information platform,formulate the corresponding surveil-lance indexes and homogenized management systems,complete the cultivation of talents,and offer financial support.

Objective To evaluate the ability of longitudinal changes in urinary extracellular domain of neurotrophin receptor p75(p75ECD)to serve as a prognostic biomarker of severity,progression and survival time in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS).Methods Forty patients with ALS attended follow-up appointments at 3-to 6-month interval,and 51 healthy control(HC)volunteers were recruited.The concentrations of urinary p75ECD were tested by a sandwich ELISA.The ALSFRS-r was used to quantify the severity of ALS.The change rate of urinary p75ECD(Δp75ECD)was calculated as the average monthly change during the period between the first and the last sampling.Results The concentration of urinary p75ECD was higher at the last follow-up than at baseline(P=0.002 3).Spearman analysis showed that there was a negative correlation between urinary p75ECD and ALSFRS-r score(r=-0.35,P=0.001 3);the course of ALS in the fast-changing Δp75ECD group was shorter than that in the slow-changing group(P=0.015 8);the Δp75ECD and course of ALS showed a negative correlation(r=-0.39,P=0.014),and the Δp75ECD in the fast-progression ALS group was significantly higher than in the slow-progression group(P=0.001 6).There was a positive correlation between Δp75ECD and progression in ALS patients(r=0.34,P=0.005).Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed a longer median survival time in those with slow-changing Δp75ECD(P=0.03).Conclusion The change rate of urinary p75ECD has shown great potential as a biomarker for the prognosis of the severity,progression and survival time of ALS.

AIM:A strain was isolated and identified as the H3N8 subtype of the avian influenza virus from a sick chicken at a farm in Yangjiang,Guangdong Province,named A/chicken/Yangjiang/552/2023(abbreviated as YJ/552).The aim of this research is to determine its genetic evolution,biological properties and pathogenicity in hamsters.This study may provide a theoretical strategy for preventing and treating the H3N8 subtype avian influenza virus-induced epidemic.METHODS:A strain of H3N8 avian influenza virus from chickens was characterised by phylogenetic analy-sis,antigenic diversity,receptor-binding specificity,neuraminidase activity,replication,and transmission in hamsters and a systematic pathological analysis was conducted.RESULTS:This novel avian influenza virus was generated through complex recombination of Eurasian avian H3 genes,North American avian N8 genes and six internal genes of H9N2 sub-type AIV.The cleavage site of the outer protein,HA,was PEKQTR↓GLF,which is characteristic of the low pathogenic avian influenza virus.The HA gene of YJ/552 exhibited the highest nucleotide homology with A/China/ZMD-22-2/2022(H3N8)at 99.09%,while the NA gene showed the highest homology with A/chicken/Dongguan/879/2022(H3N8)at 99.01%.This strain preferentially binds to avian-type receptors and could bind to human-type receptors.This virus could effectively replicate in the trachea and lungs of inoculated and contact hamsters.CONCLUSION:YJ/552 is a recombi-nant H3N8 avian influenza virus replicated in the upper respiratory system and transmitted in hamsters.This study pro-vides data support for the early warning and prevention of H3 subtype avian influenza viruses.

Objective To obtain the recombinant Argonaute protein(TtAgo)from Thermus thermophilus using gene cloning and pro-tein purification techniques and detect its endonuclease activity against the KRAS 12D mutation in vitro,thereby to provide experimental evidence for its subsequent application in the detection of gene mutations.Methods The TtAgo gene sequence was amplified from the genome of Thermus thermophilus by the PCR technology.Then,the amplified sequence was inserted into the prokaryotic expression vec-tor pET-28a to construct the recombinant vector pET-28a-TtAgo.After the recombinant TtAgo protein was induced to be expressed,it was purified sequentially by the nickel ion affinity chromatography(Ni-NTA),heparin affinity chromatography,and size-exclusion chromatography.The high-specificity nuclease activity of the recombinant TtAgo protein mediated by a short DNA guide strand(gDNA)was verified in vitro.Results The prokaryotic expression vector pET-28a-TtAgo was successfully constructed by the gene cloning tech-nique,and the soluble expression of the recombinant TtAgo protein was achieved.With the help of protein purification technology,the high-purity recombinant TtAgo protein was obtained.Under the mediation of gDNA,the recombinant TtAgo protein could specifically cleave wild-type single-stranded DNA(ssDNA),double-stranded DNA(dsDNA),and RNA molecules,while had no cleavage activi-ty for tumor KRAS 12D mutant molecules.Conclusion The high-purity recombinant TtAgo protein with nuclease activity is successful-ly obtained,and its targeted cleavage activity towards the KRAS 12D mutation site is detected in vitro.