ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Jingmaiyan granules （composed of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos， Sedi Herba， Paeoniae Radix Rubra， Moutan Cortex， Rhei Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata， and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma） combined with external application of Jinhuang Ointment in treating acute-stage blood heat stasis type superficial thrombophlebitis （ST） of lower extremities， and to explore their effects on hemorheology and serum inflammatory factors. MethodsA randomized， double-blind， placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted. A total of 124 patients with lower extremity ST were randomized into two groups（62 cases in each group）. The control group received external application of Jinhuang ointment and oral placebo treatment， while the observation group received external application of Jinhuang ointment and oral Jingmaiyan granules. Both groups were treated for 2 weeks. The clinical symptom scores， therapeutic efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome， pain visual analog scale （VAS） scores， hemorheological indices ［including whole blood high-shear， medium-shear， and low-shear viscosity， as well as plasma viscosity （PV）］， and inflammatory factors ［C-reactive protein （CRP）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）］ were compared before and after treatment. ResultsAfter 2 weeks of treatment， the total effective rate in the observation group （98.3%， 60/62） was significantly higher than that in the control group （83.8%， 52/62）， with a statistically significant difference （Z=3.512 1， P<0.05）. Compared with pre-treatment scores， the scores for skin color， skin temperature， swelling， pain， and cord or nodules were significantly reduced in both groups （P<0.05）， with more pronounced improvement in the observation group （P<0.05）. Additionally， compared with pre-treatment levels， the whole blood viscosity （low-， medium-， and high-shear） significantly improved in both groups after treatment （P<0.05）， with more marked improvement in the observation group （P<0.05）. Furthermore， the plasma viscosity， CRP， IL-6， and TNF-α levels were significantly reduced in both groups after treatment （P<0.05）， with more pronounced improvement observed in the observation group （P<0.05）. ConclusionThe combination of external application of Jinhuang ointment and oral Jingmaiyan granules effectively improves clinical symptoms， hemorheological abnormalities， and inflammatory responses in patients with acute stage blood heat stasis type ST of lower extremities. The treatment is safe and holds clinical promotion value.

ObjectiveTo improve the accuracy of discrete element method in simulating the processing of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） powder system under low shear conditions. MethodsIn this study， extract powders of Tongsaimai tablets and Qige granules were used as the research objects， the angle of repose（AOR） and effective angle of internal friction of the two materials were determined by AOR test method and shear cell test method. Based on the Hertz-Mindlin with JKR V2 contact model and particle scaling theory， taking the particle-particle restitution coefficient（A）， particle-particle static friction coefficient（B）， particle-particle rolling friction coefficient（C）， particle-steel restitution coefficient（D）， particle-steel static friction coefficient（E）， particle-steel rolling friction coefficient（F） and Johnson-Kendall-Roberts（JKR） surface energy（G） as test factors， the simulated contact parameters of Tongsaimai tablets extract powder were first calibrated with a single reference value using AOR as the reference value， and then the simulated contact parameters of Tongsaimai tablets extract powder as well as Qige granules extract powder were co-calibrated with AOR and effective angle of internal friction as the joint reference value， respectively. Then， Plackett-Burman design was used to screen the critical contact parameters that have a significant effect on the simulated reference value， and the steepest ascent design was used to determine the optimal range of the critical contact parameters， finally， the regression model between the critical contact parameters and the simulated reference values was established through the design of the response surface test， and the critical contact parameters were calibrated based on the regression model and the desirability function approach. ResultsThe optimal combination of discrete elemental contact parameters A-G for Tongsaimai tablets extract powder under a single reference value was 0.100， 0.718， 0.616， 0.100， 0.400， 0.250 and 0.075 J·m^-2， which was validated to have relative errors of 0.10% and -8.64% for the simulated AOR and the simulated effective angle of internal friction， respectively. And the optimal combination of discrete elemental contact parameters A-G for Tongsaimai tablets extract powder at the joint reference values was 0.100， 0.682， 0.598， 0.100， 0.521， 0.294 and 0.075 J·m^-2， which was verified to have relative errors of 0.10% and -0.18% for the simulated AOR and the simulated effective angle of internal friction， respectively. The optimal combination of discrete elemental contact parameters A-G for Qige granules extract powder at the joint reference values was 0.150， 0.370， 0.330， 0.150， 0.500， 0.500 and 0.100 J·m^-2， which was verified to have relative errors of 2.70% and -1.30% for the simulated AOR and the simulated effective angle of internal friction， respectively. Compared with the single reference value method， the joint calibration method not only increased the number of the critical contact parameters for characterizing particle-device interactions， but also was more accurate and reliable. ConclusionCompared with the results of single reference value calibration， the results obtained by the method of joint calibration of discrete element simulation contact parameters with AOR and effective angle of internal friction as the reference values are more accurate， which can provide more accurate and reliable simulation physical property data for the simulation experiments of TCM extract powder under low shear process conditions.

OBJECTIVE To explore the epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis complicated with human im-munodeficiency virus(HIV)infection and their relationships with T helper lymphocyte(Th)1/Th2 related fac-tors.METHODS From May 2022 to Feb.2024,118 patients with tuberculosis combined with HIV infection admit-ted to Guiyang Public Health Rescue Center were selected as the study group.The patients were divided into group A(＞1.0E3 cp/ml＜1.0E4 cp/ml)with 31 cases,group B(≥1.0E4 cp/ml＜1.0E5 cp/ml)with 36 cases,group C(≥1.0E5 cp/ml)with 51 cases according to viral load.Another 120 patients with simple pulmonary tu-berculosis were selected as control group.The characteristics of epidemic cases,imaging CT features and levels of Th1/Th2 related cytokines[including interleukin-2(IL-2),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interferon γ(IFN-γ),IL-4,IL-6 and IL-10]were compared between the study group and the control group,and the relationship be-tween viral load and atypical CT manifestations of tuberculosis were analyzed.RESULTS There were significant differences in educational level,occupational status,intravenous drug use history and baseline CD4 values between the two groups(P＜0.05).The study group showed higher rates of CT manifestations such as multiple pulmona-ry fields and segments exudation,extrapulmonary tuberculosis,multiple cavities,intrathoracic lymph node en-largement,multiple nodules,and diffuse miliary shadow than the control group,conversely,the frequencies of single cavity,calcification and speckle shadow in the study group were lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,the levels of IL-2,TNF-α and IFN-γ in the study group were low,while the levels of IL-4,IL-6 and IL-10 were high(P＜0.05).With the increase of viral load,the rates of atypical CT tuberculosis were also increased(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION The CT imaging findings in patients with tuberculosis combined with HIV infection are atypical and Th1/Th2 related cytokines are abnormal,and the chest CT manifes-tations are associated with high viral load.

Objective:To understand the coverage and information consistency rate of National Immunization Program (NIP) vaccines among children born during 2020-2021 in Zhejiang Province, Chongqing City, and Shanxi Province (3 provinces) of China .Methods:A simple random sampling method was used to randomly select 3 counties (districts) from each of the 3 provinces, 5 townships from each county (district), and 5 villages from each township. Vaccination information for seven NIP vaccines was collected for children born between 2020 and 2021 in each village. The vaccination coverage, timely coverage, and consistency rates between the survey data and the Immunization Planning Information System data were analyzed.Results:A total of 1 117 children were investigated. The vaccination coverage for each dose of NIP vaccine ranged from 99.10% to 100.00%, with those in Zhejiang Province, Chongqing City, and Shanxi Province ranging from 99.19% to 100.00%, 98.92% to 100.00%, and 99.20% to 100.00%, respectively. The timely coverage of each dose of NIP vaccine ranged from 89.79% to 99.82%, with those in Zhejiang Province, Chongqing City, and Shanxi Province ranging from 94.09% to 99.73%, 89.52% to 99.73%, and 78.55% to 100.00%, respectively. The consistency rate of information on each dose of NIP vaccine ranged from 94.36% to 99.91%, with those in Zhejiang Province, Chongqing City, and Shanxi Province ranging from 97.85% to 99.73%, 98.92% to 100.00%, and 86.06% to 100.00%, respectively.Conclusions:Coverage of NIP vaccines was generally high among children born during 2020-2021 in the 3 provinces of China, but there were regional differences in the timely coverage of some vaccine doses and the vaccination information consistency rate. It is necessary to strengthen the timely vaccination of children's vaccine booster doses and optimize the management of vaccination services.

Objective To exploring the effect of inflammatory indicators on the outcome of assisted conception of in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection(IVF/ICSI)in patients with ovarian endometriosis(OEM).Methods The study subjects were selected as the patients with OEM who received IVF/ICSI treatment at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2019 to February 2024.Based on whether previous surgery for uterine endometriosis cyst removal had been performed,they were divided into non-surgery group(n=73)and surgery group(n=112).To explore the differences in inflammatory markers between two groups and to determine whether they have an impact on the outcome of assisted reproduction.Results The lymphocytes(L)and blastocyst formation rates of patients in surgery group were significantly higher than those in non-surgery group,platelet to lymphocyte ratio(PLR)and carbohydrate antigen 125(CA125)were significantly lower than those in non-surgery group(P＜0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in the clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate between two groups of patients(P＞0.05).After adjusting for confounding factors,the results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that L,PLR,and CA125 had no statistically significant impact on the clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate(P＞0.05).Both maternal age and the number of embryos transferred exerted a certain influence on clinical pregnancy rates and live birth rates(P＜0.05),furthermore,the type of embryo transferred had a significant effect on clinical pregnancy rates(P＜0.05).Conclusion Compared with non-surgery group,surgery group had higher L level and lower PRL and CA125 levels,but these changes did not significantly affect clinical pregnancy or live birth outcomes in OEM patients undergoing IVF/ICSI assisted reproduction.

Objective:To investigate the preventive effect of a subanesthetic dose of esketamine on emergence agitation (EA) in pediatric patients undergoing fracture fixation surgery under general anesthesia.Methods:This study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Eighty-two pediatric patients, aged 3-6 yr, with American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅰ or Ⅱ, scheduled for elective closed reduction and internal fixation of humeral fractures at the People′s Hospital of Fuyang City from March 2023 to August 2024, were divided into 2 groups ( n=41 each) using simple random sampling: esketamine group (group E) and control group (group C). Group E received an intravenous injection of esketamine at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg before anesthesia induction, while the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in group C. The induction and maintenance of general anesthesia were the same in both groups. The drug was discontinued after operation and the children were transferred to the post-anesthesia care unit. The primary outcome was the occurrence of EA assessed using the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium scale. Secondary outcome measures included the acceptance of the facemask during anesthesia induction, the rate of propofol use during the emergence period, the Children′s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale scores at awakening and at 2 and 6 h postoperatively, the requirement for rescue analgesia in the emergence period, and the occurrence of adverse reactions. Results:Compared with group C, the incidence of EA [38% (15/39) vs. 15% (6/40)] was significantly decreased, the usage rate of propofol during the emergence period was decreased, the degree of acceptance of the facemask during anesthesia induction was increased, and Children′s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale scores at all time points and the rate of rescue analgesia in the emergence period were decreased in group E ( P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of postoperative adverse reactions between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Administering a subanesthetic dose of esketamine before anesthesia induction can reduce the risk of EA in pediatric patients undergoing fracture fixation surgery under general anesthesia and raise the the quality of recovery with a high safety.

Objective:To compare the efficacy of intranasal nebulized remimazolam versus esketamine for preoperative sedation in pediatric patients.Methods:In this randomized double-blind controlled trial, 90 pediatric patients scheduled for elective surgery with general anesthesia at Fuyang People′s Hospital between October 2024 and January 2025, were divided into 3 groups ( n=30 each) using a simple randomization: remimazolam group (group R), esketamine group (group S) and normal saline group (group C). Group R received intranasal nebulization of remimazolam 1.5 mg/kg, group S received intranasal nebulization of esketamine 1 mg/kg, and group C received intranasal nebulization of normal saline 0.05 ml/kg. Primary outcome: The preoperative anxiety was assessed using the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale before intranasal drug administration (baseline), at 10 and 20 min after administration, and before anesthesia induction. Secondary outcomes included sedation level (Ramsay Sedation Scale score), satisfaction with intranasal administration acceptance, parental separation anxiety and mask acceptance, development of emergence agitation, emergence time, time of recovery from anesthesia, and nausea and vomiting and increased secretions. Results:Compared to group C, the incidence of anxiety was significantly decreased at 10 and 20 min after intranasal nebulization and before anesthesia induction, the level of sedation was deepened (to light sedation), and the satisfaction with intranasal administration acceptance was decreased in group R ( P<0.017), the incidence of anxiety was significantly decreased before anesthesia induction, the level of sedation was deepened (to deep sedation), and the satisfaction with intranasal administration acceptance was increased in group S ( P<0.017), and the satisfaction with parental separation anxiety and mask acceptance and anesthesiologists′ satisfaction were significantly increased in R and S groups( P<0.017). Compared to group R, the incidence of anxiety was significantly increased at 10 min after intranasal nebulization (7 cases [23%] versus 20 cases [67%]), the level of sedation was lighter at 10 min after intranasal nebulization, the level of sedation was deeper, and the satisfaction with intranasal administration acceptance was increased in group S ( P<0.017). Compared to groups C and R, the emergence time and time of recovery from anesthesia were significantly prolonged in group S ( P<0.017). There was no significant difference in the incidence of emergence agitation, nausea and vomiting and increased secretions or in parental satisfaction among three groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Both intranasal nebulized remimazolam and esketamine can produce good preoperative sedation in pediatric patients. Compared to esketamine, remimazolam provides a more appropriate level of sedation with a faster onset and does not prolong the recovery from anesthesia, making it more suitable for preoperative sedation in minor procedures.

Objective:To investigate the clinical manifestations, therapeutic strategies and prognostic outcomes in pediatric patients with severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (SMPP) complicated by cardiac thrombosis. Methods:This case series study retrospectively analyzed 15 pediatric patients with SMPP complicated by cardiac thrombosis. The patients was recruited from the Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine at Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University between July 2018 and January 2025. Comprehensive clinical data and follow-up information were collected.Results:Among the 15 children, 10 were male and 5 were female, and the age of onset was 8.0 (6.3, 10.0) years. All 15 children presented with fever and cough, while additional symptoms included dyspnea in 7 cases, chest pain in 6 cases, hemoptysis in 3 cases, and chest tightness in 1 case. The white blood cell count was 11.7 (9.5, 15.9)×10 9/L, C-reactive protein was 31.6 (17.5, 64.8) mg/L and lactate dehydrogenase was 548.2 (410.4, 768.3) U/L. A total of 14 children underwent testing for the Mycoplasma pneumoniae drug resistance genes 2063A>G and 2064A>G, of which 13 tested positive. The plasma D-dimer levels of 15 children were 8.77 (7.23, 12.50) mg/L, all of which were higher than normal. Among the 15 children, 5 had decreased activity of anticoagulant proteins (protein C, protein S, antithrombin Ⅲ), and 8 tested positive for antiphospholipid antibodies. Chest CT scans of all 15 children showed pulmonary consolidation and (or) atelectasis, with pleural effusion present in 12 cases. In the 15 children, thrombosis was detected at 14.0 (11.0, 18.0) days after the onset of illness. The locations of cardiac thrombosis included the right ventricle in 9 cases, the right atrium in 5 cases, and the left atrium in 1 case. Additionally, 10 cases had pulmonary vascular embolism, comprising 9 cases of pulmonary artery thrombosis and 1 case of pulmonary vein thrombosis. After anticoagulant treatment, cardiac thrombi disappeared in 10 children. Five children who did not show improvement with anticoagulation underwent surgical thrombectomy. In the follow-up of 15 children, lung imaging basically returned to normal, with no major hemorrhagic events or other adverse events. Conclusions:In children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia, the presence of clinical symptoms such as shortness of breath, chest pain and hemoptysis, along with elevated plasma D-dimer levels, should raise suspicion for the possibility of cardiac thrombosis. SMPP complicated by cardiac thrombosis, prognosis is good following anticoagulation or surgical treatment.

To analyze the standard establishment approach and compilation rationale for metallic pharmaceutical packaging standard development in the 2025 edition of the Pharmacopeia of the People's Republic of China.This article systematically explained the background and process of establishing the guiding principles for metallic materials and containers used in pharmaceutical packaging in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia through basic information,relevant domestic and international standards,the establishment of key quality attributes of metallic pharmaceutical packaging materials,and the construction of metallic pharmaceutical packaging material standards.The newly established guidelines,the Pharmacopeia of the People's Republic of China 9625,prioritized product critical quality attributes(CQAs)and real-world applicability.This dual emphasis on rigidity and adaptability enhances drug safety,meets the regulatory requirements,and promotes the globalization and scientific advancement of China's pharmaceutical packaging industry.

Aluminum foil for pharmaceutical packaging is a material used for solid dosage forms.Guideline 9625 of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China(2025 edition),built on the concepts of whole-process quality control and risk management,specifies the quality requirements for aluminum foil.This article analyzed and discussed the critical quality attributes and technical control points of aluminum foil by examining its fundamental characteristics,production processes,and relevant domestic and international standards.This article aimed to provide guidance for stakeholders in understanding and applying the guidelines,thereby enhancing pharmaceutical packaging quality and fostering standardization across the industry.