BackgroundSeveral studies have confirmed that there is a relationship among parenting rearing behaviors， adolescent depression and rumination， moreover， rumination has been found to mediate the relationship between overall parenting rearing behaviors and adolescent depression， while little is known about the mediating role of rumination in the relationship between each dimension of parenting rearing behaviors and adolescent depression. ObjectiveTo explore the mediating role of rumination in the relationship between each dimension of parenting rearing behaviors and adolescent depression， so as to provide reference for the prevention of adolescent depression. MethodsIn March and April 2022， a stratified random sampling technique was utilized to select 302 students in grades 7 to 12 at a middle school in Ningxian county， Gansu Province as the research subjects. The Beck Depression Inventory-II of Chinese Version （BDI-II-C）， short-form Egna Minnen av Barndoms Uppfostran （S-EMBU） and Ruminative Response Scale （RRS） were administered to all subjects. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated. Amos 24.0 was used to check the presence of mediation effect. ResultsA total of 302 （94.08%） completed valid questionnaires. Correlation analysis indicated that the scores of both father's and mother's emotional warmth dimension in the S-EMBU were negatively correlated with the BDI-II-C scores （r=-0.424， -0.297， P<0.01）， RRS total score （r=-0.347~-0.175， P<0.01） and RRS each factor score （r=-0.179~-0.285， P<0.01）； the scores of both father's and mother's rejection dimension in the S-EMBU were positively correlated with the BDI-II-C scores （r=0.355， 0.248， P<0.01）， RRS total score （r=0.262~0.358， P<0.01） and RRS each factor score （r=0.274~0.339， P<0.01）； the scores of both father's and mother's overprotection dimension in the S-EMBU were positively correlated with the BDI-II-C scores （r=0.286， 0.245， P<0.01）， RRS total score （r=0.175~0.333， P<0.01） and RRS each factor score （r=0.150~0.255， P<0.01）. Rumination might mediated the relationship of father's emotional warmth， father's overprotection， mother's overprotection， and mother's rejection with adolescent depression， the effect value were -0.110， 0.221， -0.121， 0.136， and the effect size were 36.07%， 100.00%， 100.00%， 100.00%. ConclusionRumination may play a mediation role in the relationship of father's emotional warmth， father's overprotection， mother's overprotection， and mother's rejection with adolescent depression. ［Funded by Shaanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Program （number， 2024SF-YBXM-078）； Reaearch and Development Fund of the First Affliated Hoapital of Xi'an JiaoTong University （number， 2022HL-23）］

ObjectiveTo analyze the incidence rate and mortality of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and their changing trends among the registered residents in Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou City from 2017 to 2023, so as to provide references for formulating policies related to AMI prevention. MethodsThe morbidity and mortality data of AMI among the registered residents in Xiaoshan District from 2017 to 2023 were collected through the Hangzhou Chronic Disease and Death Cause Monitoring System. Software such as Excel 2019, SPSS 25.0 and Joinpoint 4.9.1.0 were used to calculate the incidence rate, mortality, and average annual percentage change (AAPC) of AMI. ResultsFrom 2017 to 2023, the average annual crude incidence rate, age-standardized incidence rate using China standard population (ASIRC), and the age-standardized incidence rate using World standard population (ASIRW) of AMI in Xiaoshan District were 48.25/100 000, 29.14/100 000, and 21.64/100 000, respectively, and, from which the AAPCs were 5.495%, 6.010%, and 6.533%, respectively, all showing an upward trend. The average annual crude mortality rate, the age-standardized mortality rate using China standard population (ASMRC), and the age-standardized mortality rate using World standard population (ASMRW) were 11.76/100 000, 6.52/100 000, and 4.71/100 000, respectively, from which the AAPCs were -9.669%, -10.433% and -9.615%, respectively, all showing a downward trend. The average annual crude incidence rate of AMI was higher in males (65.87/100 000) than that in females (31.31/100 000). Moreover, the average annual crude mortality rate of AMI was higher in males (14.08/100 000) than that in females (9.52/100 000), and the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.001) .After age grouping, the crude incidence rate of AMI among the residents aged 35-, 45-, 55-, and 65- years in Xiaoshan District from 2017 to 2023 showed an upward trend over time, with AAPCs of 16.993%, 17.149%, 8.523%, and 5.002%, respectively. While the crude mortality rate in residents aged 35-, 75-, and 85-102 years showed an decreasing trend over time, with AAPCs of -23.977%, -15.467%, and -17.415%, respectively, but there was no statistically significant difference in the trends in incidence rate and mortality of other age groups (all P>0.05). ConclusionThe situation of AMI prevention and control among the registered residents in Xiaoshan District is not optimistic, and targeted measures should be strengthened for the male residents aged ≥35 years old.

Objective:To investigate the effect of polystyrene microplastics(PS-MPs)combined with high-fat treatment on vascular endothelial cells.Methods:Human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)were cultured in the DMEM medium containing 5%fe-tal bovine serum.HUVECs were treated with conventional culture,high-fat treatment,and PS-MPs combined with high-fat treatment.The experiment was conducted in the three groups of control group,high-fat treatment group and PS-MPs+high-fat treatment group.CCK-8 assay was used to measure cell viability,F-actin staining was used to observe cell morphological changes,and flow cytometry,scratch assay,and tube formation assay were used to measure the apoptosis,migration,and tube-forming ability of cells.Results:After HUVECs were exposed to the high-fat environment,there was a significant reduction in cell viability,shrinkage of cells,a signifi-cant increase in cell apoptosis,and significant reductions in cell migration and tube-forming ability.Compared with the high-fat treat-ment group,there were no significant changes in cell viability,cell morphology,cell apoptosis,and cell migration ability after PS-MPs combined with high-fat treatment,but the tube-forming ability of cells was further impaired.Conclusion:High-fat treatment will affect cell viability,change cell morphology,and damage vascular endothelial cell function,and PS-MPs combined with high-fat treat-ment can aggravate the damage of vascular endothelial cell function.

Objective:To investigate the effect of subacute exposure of Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate(DEHP)on endometrial decidualization and early pregnancy miscarriage in mice.Methods:CD1 mice were orally administrated with 300(low-dose group),1000(medium-dose group),or 3000 mg·kg-1·d-1 DEHP(1/10 LD50,high-dose group)for 28 days,respectively.An early natural pregnancy model and an artificially induced decidualization model were established.The uterine tissues were collected on D7 of natural pregnancy and D8 of artificially induced decidualization,respectively.The effects of a subacute exposure to DEHP on the decidualization of mice were detected by HE staining,Masson staining,TUNEL assay,and Western blotting.A model of spontaneous abortion was constructed in mice after subacute exposure to 300 mg·kg-1·d-1 DEHP,and the effect of impaired decidualization on pregnancy was investigated by observing the pregnancy outcome on the 10th day of gestation.Results:Compared with the control group,the conception rate was significantly decreased in the high-dose DEHP subacute exposure group(P＜0.05).HE staining showed that,compared with the control group,the decidual stromal cells in the low-and medium-dose exposure groups were disorganized,the nuclei of the cells were irregular,the cytoplasmic staining was uneven,and the number of polymorphonuclear cells was significantly reduced.Masson staining showed that compared with the control group,the collagen fibers in the decidua region of the DEHP low-dose group and the medium-dose group were more distributed,more abundant and more disorderly.TUNEL assay showed increased apoptosis in the decidua area compared to the control group.Western blotting showed that the expression of BMP2,a marker molecule for endometrial decidualization,was significantly reduced(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).The abortion rate and embryo resorption rate were increased,and the number of embryos,uterine wet weight,uterine area and placenta wet weight were decreased in DEHP low-dose group compared to the control group stimulated by mifepristone,an abortifacient drug(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Conclusion:Subacute exposure to DEHP leads to impaired endometrial decidualization during early pregnancy and exacerbates the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in mice.

Aim To construct a diabetic atherosclerosis mouse model and study the pathological characteristics of diabetic atherosclerosis.Methods Fifty 8-week-old male LDLR-/-mice were fed with standard diet for 2 weeks and then changed to high-fat diet,they were randomly divided into two groups.The diabetic atherosclerosis group was given intraperitoneal injection of low dose streptozotocin(STZ)for 5 days continuouly to establish the model,and the atheroscle-rosis group was given citrate buffer injection at the same time.The body mass,blood glucose and blood lipids of the mice in the two groups were detected for many times.At the age of 23 weeks,the mice were euthanized after glucose tolerance test.HE staining and oil red O staining were used to detect the gross and aortic root atherosclerosis,immunohistochemical staining was used to detect CD4,α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),EGF-like module-containing mucin-like hormone re-ceptor-like 1(EMR1),monocyte chemotactic protein-1(MCP-1),NOD-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3),vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1),matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2)and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP-1),Western blot was used to detect α-SMA,CD4,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),NLPR3,intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1),and type Ⅰ and Ⅲ collagen.Results Compared with the atherosclerosis group,the body mass decreased,the levels of total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDLC)increased,and the levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDLC)decreased(P＜0.05)in the diabetic atherosclerosis group.Compared with the atherosclerosis group,the distribution of atherosclerotic plaques was diffuse and the area was increased in the diabetic atherosclerosis group,and the contents of lipids,T cells,macrophages,smooth muscle cells,type Ⅰ and Ⅲ colla-gen were increased(P＜0.05);the protein levels of TNF-α,MCP-1,MMP-2,NLRP3,ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in vascular tissues were increased,while the content of TIMP-1 were decreased and MMP2/TIMP-1 were increased(P＜0.05).Conclusions LDLR-mouse model of diabetic atherosclerosis can be successfully established by STZ induction combined with high-fat diet,which can reflect the plaque composition and inflammatory characteristics of diabetes promoting atheroscle-rosis.It can be used as a relatively ideal pathological model for the study of diabetic macroangiopathy.

Objective: To understand the survival status and influencing factors of first-ever stroke patients, so as to provide evidence for improving the quality of life and prognosis of stroke patients. Methods: Demographic information, medical history, smoking history, and alcohol consumption history of newly diagnosed stroke cases first reported in 2017 in Xiaoshan District were collected through the Hangzhou Chronic Disease Surveillance and Management System. Patients were followed up for 5 years, with stroke death as the outcome event. The survival rate was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and factors affecting survival time of first-ever stroke patients were identified using a multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression model. Results: A total of 3 886 patients first-ever stroke patients were included, the cases of cerebral infarction, intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and stroke unspecified as to whether it was hemorrhagic or ischemic (unspecified) accounted for 86.93%, 11.45%, 1.06% and 0.57%, respectively. There were 2 047 males (52.68%) and 1 839 females (47.32%), with a mean onset age of (72.01±11.61) years. By the end of the follow-up on December 31, 2022, 906 patients died from stroke, with a median follow-up time of 62.00 (interquartile range, 35.00) months. The 1-year survival rate was 87.35% (95%CI: 86.30%-88.41%), the 3-year survival rate was 82.11% (95%CI: 80.88%-83.34%), and the 5-year survival rate was 76.64% (95%CI: 75.26%-78.02%), respectively. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis showed that onset age of ≥75 years (HR=5.543, 95%CI: 3.822-8.039), being treated at township-level hospitals (HR=5.934, 95%CI: 4.027-8.743), history of hypertension (HR=1.566, 95%CI: 1.317-1.863), history of chronic ischemic heart disease (HR=1.611, 95%CI: 1.362-1.906), smoking history (HR=1.455, 95%CI: 1.190-1.778), alcohol consumption history (HR=1.323, 95%CI: 1.067-1.641), stroke subtype of intracerebral hemorrhage (HR=3.442, 95%CI: 2.923-4.053) and unspecified (HR=6.843, 95%CI: 4.353-10.756) were associated with higher mortality risk among first-ever stroke patients. Conclusion The 5-year survival rate of first-ever stroke patients was 76.64%, which was influenced by age of onset, hospital level for diagnosis and treatment, stroke subtype, medical history, smoking and alcohol consumption.

Objective This study aimed to observe the effect of Jiang Tang San Hao Formula(JTSHF)on systemic and intestinal inflammation,as well as on the NLRP3 inflammasome in type 2 diabetic mice(T2DM),and to elucidate its anti-diabetic molecular mechanisms.Methods Four-week-old male C57BL/6 N mice were used to establish the T2DM model using a high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin injection.The diabetic mice were randomly divided into the model,metformin,and JTSHF groups.A control group was also set to provide baseline comparisons.Each group of mice was orally administered with the corresponding medication daily.The metformin group was orally administered with 0.20 g/kg metformin,the JTSHF group was orally administered with 4.26 g/kg JTSHF,and the control group and model group were orally administered with an equal amount of sterile water continuously for 8 weeks.After an 8-week drug intervention via gavage,the lipopolysaccharide(LPS),tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),interleukin 1 beta(IL-1β),and interleukin 6(IL-6)serum and colon levels were quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The pathological morphology of the colon was observed using hematoxylin and eosin staining.NOD-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3),apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain(ASC),caspase-1,zonula occludens-1(ZO-1),occludin,and G-protein coupled receptor 43(GPR43)protein expression in the colon were assessed using immunohistochemistry.The mRNA expression levels of NLRP3,ASC,caspase-1,ZO-1,Occludin,and GPR43 in the colon were detected using Real-time PCR.Results The ELISA data revealed significant differences in inflammatory markers among the groups.Compared with the model group,the JTSHF group exhibited notably reduced LPS,TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6 levels(P<0.05).Moreover,compared with the model group,JTSHF treatment upregulated ZO-1,occludin,and GPR43 protein and mRNA expression in the colon and downregulated NLRP3,ASC,and Caspase-1 protein and mRNA expression(P<0.05).Conclusion The inflammatory reaction of T2DM mice is apparent.JTSHF effectively alleviates the systemic and intestinal inflammatory response of T2DM mice by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome and repairing the intestinal mucosal barrier,highlighting the potential molecular mechanisms of the anti-diabetes effects of JTSHF.

Objective This study aimed to observe the effect of Jiang Tang San Hao Formula(JTSHF)on systemic and intestinal inflammation,as well as on the NLRP3 inflammasome in type 2 diabetic mice(T2DM),and to elucidate its anti-diabetic molecular mechanisms.Methods Four-week-old male C57BL/6 N mice were used to establish the T2DM model using a high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin injection.The diabetic mice were randomly divided into the model,metformin,and JTSHF groups.A control group was also set to provide baseline comparisons.Each group of mice was orally administered with the corresponding medication daily.The metformin group was orally administered with 0.20 g/kg metformin,the JTSHF group was orally administered with 4.26 g/kg JTSHF,and the control group and model group were orally administered with an equal amount of sterile water continuously for 8 weeks.After an 8-week drug intervention via gavage,the lipopolysaccharide(LPS),tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),interleukin 1 beta(IL-1β),and interleukin 6(IL-6)serum and colon levels were quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The pathological morphology of the colon was observed using hematoxylin and eosin staining.NOD-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3),apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain(ASC),caspase-1,zonula occludens-1(ZO-1),occludin,and G-protein coupled receptor 43(GPR43)protein expression in the colon were assessed using immunohistochemistry.The mRNA expression levels of NLRP3,ASC,caspase-1,ZO-1,Occludin,and GPR43 in the colon were detected using Real-time PCR.Results The ELISA data revealed significant differences in inflammatory markers among the groups.Compared with the model group,the JTSHF group exhibited notably reduced LPS,TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6 levels(P<0.05).Moreover,compared with the model group,JTSHF treatment upregulated ZO-1,occludin,and GPR43 protein and mRNA expression in the colon and downregulated NLRP3,ASC,and Caspase-1 protein and mRNA expression(P<0.05).Conclusion The inflammatory reaction of T2DM mice is apparent.JTSHF effectively alleviates the systemic and intestinal inflammatory response of T2DM mice by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome and repairing the intestinal mucosal barrier,highlighting the potential molecular mechanisms of the anti-diabetes effects of JTSHF.

【Objective】 To analyze nutrition-related factors that affect the prevalence of myopia in adolescents, in order to provide reference for primary prevention of myopia. 【Methods】 A stratified sampling method was used to select 385 adolescents from Zhengding County in October 2021. Adolescents in this study took vision testing, physical examination and completed a questionnaire survey. One-way analysis of variance and lasso regression were used to screen the variables, and Logistic regression was used to determine the possible influencing factors of myopia. Factor analysis was adopted to extract the dietary patterns of adolescents in Zhengding County, then the association between dietary patterns and myopia was analyzed. 【Results】 A total of 385 adolescents were surveyed, with the prevalence rate of myopia of about 68.6%. Multivariate analysis revealed that fried food(OR=8.480, 95%CI:1.058 - 67.971) was a risk factor for myopia, while intake of milk and dairy products(OR=0.994, 95%CI:0.991 - 0.999), soybeans and nuts(OR=0.997, 95%CI:0.994 - 0.999), no myopia in either parent(OR=0.312, 95%CI:0.115 - 0.845), physical education class 4 times per week(OR=0.269, 95%CI:0.074 - 0.984) were statistically associated with a lower risk of myopia(P<0.05). Three dietary patterns was extracted through factor analysis, including diversified dietary pattern, soy-hybrid dietary pattern, and snack and beverage dietary pattern. Logistic analysis results indicated that soy-hybrid dietary pattern(OR=0.85, 95%CI:0.73 - 0.99,P<0.05) was statistically associated with myopia. 【Conclusions】 The problem of myopia among adolescents in Zhengding County is more serious. Increasing the intake of milk and dairy products, soybeans and nuts, reducing the intake of fried foods, and adjusting the overall dietary structure should be recommended in order to prevent the development of myopia in adolescents.

Objective: To investigate the trend in mortality of malignant tumors in Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou City from 2017 to 2022, so as to provide insights into formulation of the malignant tumor control strategy. Methods: Data on mortality of malignant tumors in Xiaoshan District from 2017 to 2022 were collected through Hangzhou Municipal Chronic Disease Monitoring Management System, and the cause of death composition ratio and crude mortality were calculated. The mortality of malignant tumors was standardized by the population of the sixth National Population Census in China in 2010. The trend in mortality of malignant tumors were evaluated with average annual percent change (AAPC). Results: There were 13 301 malignant tumor deaths reported in Xiaoshan District from 2017 to 2022, accounting for 31.26% of the total cause of death and ranking the first among the causes of death. The crude mortality was 186.36/105 and standardized mortality was 106.63/105. There was no significant trend in the crude mortality of malignant tumors in Xiaoshan District from 2017 to 2022 (P>0.05), while the standardized mortality showed a tendency towards a decline (AAPC=-1.409%, P<0.05). The crude and standardized mortality of malignant tumors were higher in men than in women (241.40/105 vs. 133.37/105; 132.66/105 vs. 79.35/105; both P<0.05). There was no obvious trend in the crude mortality of malignant tumors in men (P>0.05), and the standardized mortality showed a tendency towards a decline (AAPC=-3.017%, P<0.05). While there was no obvious trend in the crude and standardized mortality of malignant tumors in women (P>0.05). The crude mortality of malignant tumors showed a tendency towards a decline among residents at ages of 15 to 44 years and 65 years and older (AAPC=-3.933% and -2.413%, both P<0.05). The crude mortality of malignant tumors was higher in men than in women among residents at ages of 0 to 14 years, 45 to 64 years and 65 years and older (all P<0.05). The five most common causes of death included lung cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer and pancreatic cancer, accounting for 66.96% of all malignant tumors. The crude mortality of colorectal cancer from 2017 to 2022 showed a tendency towards a rise (AAPC=2.815%, P<0.05). Conclusions The standardized mortality of malignant tumors showed a tendency towards a decline in Xiaoshan District from 2017 to 2022. Management of malignant tumors should be given a high priority among men at ages of 45 years and older, and lung cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer and pancreatic cancer were leading causes of death.