1.Subordinate inclusion and indefinite reference of the concepts of TCM
Xiangyang ZHANG ; Fangce LIU ; Jiazhen LI ; Canran XIE ; Xiaofeng LIU ; Na CAO ; Weiguang WANG
International Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2025;47(9):1202-1206
Concepts are the cornerstone of the development of disciplines. The concepts of TCM present that a superior concept contains more subordinate concepts. The superordinate concepts are often used to refer to different subordinate concepts, which can refer to both superior concepts themselves and non-specific subordinate concepts, that is, the characteristics of subordinate coverage and indefinite reference, which cause confusion in concept meaning, concept relationships, reasoning logic, and other problems. Nowadays, the TCM scholars pay little attention to this characteristic. Therefore, this article analyzed this characteristic, discussed its impact on the inheritance and development of TCM, and proposed that starting from the anchoring of concepts and entities to clarify the connotation of concepts, looking forward to provide new ideas for the definition of the concepts of TCM and the development of the discipline.
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