OBJECTIVE To compare the communication effect and content characteristics of the pharmaceutical science popularization account “Pharmacist Binbin” on the three platforms of TikTok， Xiaohongshu and Today’s Headlines， and explore the cross platform communication strategy of pharmaceutical science popularization videos.METHODS Quantitatively analyze the five core indicators of the “Pharmacist Binbin” science popularization account on the three major platforms （total video releases， number of followers， page views， high dissemination video related data， and platform user profile characteristics）， and systematically analyze the platform attributes and content compatibility.RESULTS TikTok， Xiaohongshu， and Today’s Headlines videos were released 478， 306， and 450 items， with 245 million views， 1.164 9 million views， and 14.167 1 million views， respectively. The following users were 535 000， 95 000， and 53 000 respectively. The gender ratio of TikTok users was relatively balanced， with the majority of users aged 31 to 40 years old， preferring “short， flat， and fast”， scene-oriented science popularization， and the highest exposure. The users of Xiaohongshu were mainly young and middle-aged women in first-tier and new first-tier cities， and content related to family and maternal and child medication is more popular. Today’s Headline users were mostly middle-aged and elderly people over 50 years old， and the dissemination of chronic disease science was more effective. There was a statistically significant difference in the overall video browsing volume of the three platforms with high communication power （ H ＝44.07， P ＜0.001）. The browsing volume of TikTok was significantly higher than that of Xiaohongshu and Today’s Headlines （ P ＜0.001 after correction）， and the browsing volume of Today’s Headlines was higher than that of Xiaohongshu （ P ＜0.001 after correction）； Xiaohongshu has the highest like and collection rates， while Today’s Headline has the highest sharing and commenting rates （ P ＜0.05 after correction）. The browsing volume of hot and time-sensitive content was significantly higher than that of non-hot and time-sensitive content （ β ＝0.24， P ＝0.012）. The browsing volume of the dialogue form of one person playing two roles/personification was significantly higher than that of single-person oral explanation （ β ＝0.27， P ＝0.009）.CONCLUSIONS Science popularization videos with innovative forms， timely hot topics， and long-term demand were the main high dissemination content. According to the characteristics of different platforms， such as TikTok’s flow-driven model， Xiaohongshu’s prominent vertical demand for women and families， and Today’s Headlines demand for knowledge about chronic diseases among the middle-aged and elderly， we should establish a pharmaceutical science popularization communication matrix that focuses on each other and complements each other.

Objective To examine the changing prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Burkholderia cepacia in 52 hospitals across China from 2015 to 2021.Methods A total of 9 261 strains of B.cepacia were collected from 52 hospitals between January 1,2015 and December 31,2021.Antimicrobial susceptibility of the strains was tested using Kirby-Bauer method or automated antimicrobial susceptibility testing systems according to a unified protocol.The results were interpreted according to the breakpoints released in the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)guidelines(2023 edition).Results A total of 9 261 strains of B.cepacia were isolated from all age groups,especially elderly patients.The proportion was 11.1％(1 032 strains)in children,significantly lower than the proportion in adults.About half(46.5％,4 310/9 261)of the strains were isolated from patients at least 60 years old and 42.3％(3 919/9 261)of the strains were isolated from young adults.Most isolates(71.1％)were isolated from sputum and respiratory secretions,followed by urine(10.7％)and blood samples(8.1％).B.cepacia isolates were highly susceptible to the five antimicrobial agents recommended in the CLSI M100 document(33rd edition,2023).B.cepacia isolates showed relatively higher resistance rates to meropenem and levofloxacin.However,the resistance rates to ceftazidime,trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole,and minocycline remained below 8.1％.The percentage of B.cepacia strains resistant to levofloxacin was the highest compared to other antibiotics in any of the three age groups(from 12.4％in the patients＜18 years old to 20.6％in the patients aged 60 years or older).Conclusions B.cepacia is one of the clinically important non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria.Accurate and timely reporting of antimicrobial susceptibility test results and ongoing antimicrobial resistance surveillance are helpful for rational prescription of antimicrobial agents and proper prevention and control of nosocomial infections.

Objective:To analyze the multimorbidity trends and influencing factors of internet addiction and depressive symptoms among middle school students in Zhejiang Province.Methods:From 2018 to 2023, a multistage stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select middle school students aged 12 to 18 in Zhejiang Province. Internet addiction and depression status were measured by the Internet Addiction Scale and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. When both symptoms were present, it was defined as multimorbidity.The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of multimorbidity among middle school students, and a trend Chi-square test was used to analyze the changing trends of internet addiction, depression and multimorbidity prevalence. Results:A total of 193 505 students were included in the study. From 2018 to 2023, the prevalence of multimorbidity of internet addiction and depressive symptoms among middle school students ranged from 2.7% to 3.5%. The prevalence of internet addiction ranged from 4.7% to 6.0%, while the prevalence of depressive symptoms ranged from 18.7% to 25.1%. Multivariate logistic regression showed that boarding students ( OR=1.34 , 95% CI: 1.26-1.42), low-frequency ( OR=1.59, 95% CI: 1.46-1.73), and high-frequency sugary drink consumption ( OR=3.91, 95% CI: 3.55-4.31) increased the risk of multimorbidity among middle school students. In contrast, higher frequencies of moderate-to-high-intensity exercise (medium: OR=0.54, 95% CI: 0.50-0.58; high: OR=0.49, 95% CI: 0.44-0.55) and sufficient sleep ( OR=0.52, 95% CI: 0.49-0.56) were protective factors. From 2018 to 2023, there was no significant change in the trend of multimorbidity prevalence among middle school students ( χ2trend=3.82, P=0.051). The prevalence of internet addiction showed an upward trend ( χ2trend=20.54, P<0.001), while depressive symptoms showed a downward trend ( χ2trend=181.41, P<0.001). Conclusion:The prevalence of internet addiction and depression symptoms among middle school students in Zhejiang Province remains stable from 2018 to 2023. The prevalence of internet addiction shows an upward trend, while the prevalence of depression symptoms shows a downward trend. The risk of multimorbidity is related to students′ boarding, consumption of sugary drinks, lack of exercise, and insufficient sleep.

Aim To study the mechanism of salidro-side combined with rosavin in rats with ischemic stroke.Methods The MCAO rats was established by using thread-embolic method.The rats were divided into the sham group,MCAO group,salidroside com-bined with rosavin group,and positive control group;the drug was given continuously for seven days.Western blot was used to detect apoptosis indicators.Proteomics was used to analyse differential proteins(DEPs).STEP receptor inhibitor was injected into the lateral ventricles,the rats were administered for seven days,then the apoptosis indicators were detected.Re-sults Salidroside combined with rosavin could reduce neurological function scores in MCAO rats and inhibit cell apoptosis.Quantitative proteomics identified 496 DEPs in brain tissue and discovered core proteins STEP,p38,and CRTC1.Salidroside combined with rosavin could promote the STEP and CRTC1 while in-hibiting p38 protein.After treatment with STEP inhibi-tor,those effects were reversed.Conclusion Salidro-side combined with rosavin can inhibit cell apoptosis in MCAO rats,which is closely related to the regulation of the STEP/p38/CRTC1 signaling pathway.

Aim To investigate the therapeutic effects of a newly developed Tadalafil tablet on pulmonary fi-brosis induced by paraquat(PQ)in rats,as well as its impact on histone acetylation levels in epithelial cells.Methods SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:the control group(control),the model group(PQ),the Tadalafil new tablet treatment group(N-Tad,1 mg·kg-1),and the positive control drug treatment group(Cialis,5 mg·kg-1).The model group and treatment group rats were intraperitoneally injected with PQ(30 mg·kg-1).Two hours after the initial treatment,the rats in the treatment group re-ceived N-Tad or Cialis via gavage,while the control and model groups were administered an equal volume of physiological saline by gavage once daily for 28 days.The weight gain rate and lung tissue index for each group of rats were calculated.Additionally,the effects of N-Tad treatment on lung tissue structural damage and collagen deposition in rats with PQ-in-duced pulmonary fibrosis were observed using HE stai-ning,Masson trichrome staining,and immunohisto-chemical techniques.By employing the Western blot technique,the effects of Tadalafil intervention on the expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin(E-Cad),the stromal marker fibronectin(Fn),and the histone acetylation marker acetylated histones(Ac-his-tones)in A549 cells were observed.Results Com-pared to the control group,rats with PQ-induced pul-monary fibrosis exhibited a significant decrease in the rate of body weight growth,an increase in lung tissue index(P＜0.05),and a notable increase in the expression and distribution of the fibrosis marker alpha-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)in lung tissue.The structure of the lung tissue was disrupted,accompanied by the deposition of interstitial collagen fibers.Both N-Tad and Cialis treatments could significantly enhance the rate of weight gain,decrease the lung tissue index,inhibit the expression of α-SMA,and reduce the depo-sition of interstitial collagen in the lung tissue of rats with pulmonary fibrosis.Notably,low-dose N-Tad treatment was comparable to high-dose Cialis treat-ment.At the cellular level,Tadalafil significantly in-hibited the high expression of Fn induced by transfor-ming growth factor beta 1(TGF-β1)in A549 cells.It also upregulated the expression of E-cadherin and sig-nificantly increased the levels of acetylated histones(P＜0.05).Conclusions N-Tad promotes histone acetylation in alveolar epithelial cells,significantly in-hibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition,increases E-cadherin expression,and improves lung tissue structur-al damage and collagen deposition caused by PQ.Ad-ditionally,it offers the advantage of a lower effective dose compared to Cialis,providing a new option for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.

Objective To summarize the changing prevalence of carbapenem resistance in Enterobacterales based on the data of CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program from 2015 to 2021 for improving antimicrobial treatment in clinical practice.Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using a commercial automated susceptibility testing system according to the unified CHINET protocol.The results were interpreted according to the breakpoints of the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)M100 31st ed in 2021.Results Over the seven-year period(2015-2021),the overall prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales(CRE)was 9.43％(62 342/661 235).The prevalence of CRE strains in Klebsiella pneumoniae,Citrobacter freundii,and Enterobacter cloacae was 22.38％,9.73％,and 8.47％,respectively.The prevalence of CRE strains in Escherichia coli was 1.99％.A few CRE strains were also identified in Salmonella and Shigella.The CRE strains were mainly isolated from respiratory specimens(44.23±2.80)％,followed by blood(20.88±3.40)％and urine(18.40±3.45)％.Intensive care units(ICUs)were the major source of the CRE strains(27.43±5.20)％.CRE strains were resistant to all the β-lactam antibiotics tested and most non-β-lactam antimicrobial agents.The CRE strains were relatively susceptible to tigecycline and polymyxins with low resistance rates.Conclusions The prevalence of CRE strains was increasing from 2015 to 2021.CRE strains were highly resistant to most of the antibacterial drugs used in clinical practice.Clinicians should prescribe antimicrobial agents rationally.Hospitals should strengthen antibiotic stewardship in key clinical settings such as ICUs,and take effective infection control measures to curb CRE outbreak and epidemic in hospitals.

Objective To characterize the changing species distribution and antibiotic resistance profiles of respiratory isolates in hospitals participating in the CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program from 2015 to 2021.Methods Commercial automated antimicrobial susceptibility testing systems and disk diffusion method were used to test the susceptibility of respiratory bacterial isolates to antimicrobial agents following the standardized technical protocol established by the CHINET program.Results A total of 589 746 respiratory isolates were collected from 2015 to 2021.Overall,82.6％of the isolates were Gram-negative bacteria and 17.4％were Gram-positive bacteria.The bacterial isolates from outpatients and inpatients accounted for(6.0±0.9)％and(94.0±0.1)％,respectively.The top microorganisms were Klebsiella spp.,Acinetobacter spp.,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Staphylococcus aureus,Haemophilus spp.,Stenotrophomonas maltophilia,Escherichia coli,and Streptococcus pneumoniae.Each microorganism was isolated from significantly more males than from females(P＜0.05).The overall prevalence of methicillin-resistant S.aureus(MRSA)was 39.9％.The prevalence of penicillin-resistant S.pneumoniae was 1.4％.The prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase(ESBL)-producing E.coli and K.pneumoniae was 67.8％and 41.3％,respectively.The overall prevalence of carbapenem-resistant E.coli,K.pneumoniae,Enterobacter cloacae,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and Acinetobacter baumannii was 3.7％,20.8％,9.4％,29.8％,and 73.3％,respectively.The prevalence of β-lactamase was 96.1％in Moraxella catarrhalis and 60.0％in Haemophilus influenzae.The H.influenzae isolates from children(＜18 years)showed significantly higher resistance rates to β-lactam antibiotics than the isolates from adults(P＜0.05).Conclusions Gram-negative bacteria are still predominant in respiratory isolates associated with serious antibiotic resistance.Antimicrobial resistance surveillance should be strengthened in clinical practice to support accurate etiological diagnosis and appropriate antimicrobial therapy based on antimicrobial susceptibility testing results.

A sandglass ladder residual network(SLRN)is proposed for multi-label chest X-ray classification,thereby improving the accuracy of clinical diagnosis.SLRN consists of 3 key modules:(1)a sandglass convolutional module to simultaneously extract inter-channel and spatial information;(2)a ladder self attention block to achieve different window divisions through shift operations,expand the receptive field,and realize multi-scale feature extraction and fusion;(3)class specific residual attention in the multi-label classification stage to capture the correlation between different labels and the importance of features for accomplishing more accurate classification by adjusting the weights of different features.The proposed model is validated using the IU X-Ray dataset collected by Indiana University and the publicly available Chest X-Ray14 dataset collected by the National Institutes of Health in the United States;and the results demonstrate that SLRN which combines the advantages of convolutional neural network and vision transformer enables the capture of local features and global correlations in images,better handles long-distance dependencies,and assists doctors in clinical diagnosis.

Aim To study the mechanism of salidro-side combined with rosavin in rats with ischemic stroke.Methods The MCAO rats was established by using thread-embolic method.The rats were divided into the sham group,MCAO group,salidroside com-bined with rosavin group,and positive control group;the drug was given continuously for seven days.Western blot was used to detect apoptosis indicators.Proteomics was used to analyse differential proteins(DEPs).STEP receptor inhibitor was injected into the lateral ventricles,the rats were administered for seven days,then the apoptosis indicators were detected.Re-sults Salidroside combined with rosavin could reduce neurological function scores in MCAO rats and inhibit cell apoptosis.Quantitative proteomics identified 496 DEPs in brain tissue and discovered core proteins STEP,p38,and CRTC1.Salidroside combined with rosavin could promote the STEP and CRTC1 while in-hibiting p38 protein.After treatment with STEP inhibi-tor,those effects were reversed.Conclusion Salidro-side combined with rosavin can inhibit cell apoptosis in MCAO rats,which is closely related to the regulation of the STEP/p38/CRTC1 signaling pathway.

Aim To investigate the therapeutic effects of a newly developed Tadalafil tablet on pulmonary fi-brosis induced by paraquat(PQ)in rats,as well as its impact on histone acetylation levels in epithelial cells.Methods SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:the control group(control),the model group(PQ),the Tadalafil new tablet treatment group(N-Tad,1 mg·kg-1),and the positive control drug treatment group(Cialis,5 mg·kg-1).The model group and treatment group rats were intraperitoneally injected with PQ(30 mg·kg-1).Two hours after the initial treatment,the rats in the treatment group re-ceived N-Tad or Cialis via gavage,while the control and model groups were administered an equal volume of physiological saline by gavage once daily for 28 days.The weight gain rate and lung tissue index for each group of rats were calculated.Additionally,the effects of N-Tad treatment on lung tissue structural damage and collagen deposition in rats with PQ-in-duced pulmonary fibrosis were observed using HE stai-ning,Masson trichrome staining,and immunohisto-chemical techniques.By employing the Western blot technique,the effects of Tadalafil intervention on the expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin(E-Cad),the stromal marker fibronectin(Fn),and the histone acetylation marker acetylated histones(Ac-his-tones)in A549 cells were observed.Results Com-pared to the control group,rats with PQ-induced pul-monary fibrosis exhibited a significant decrease in the rate of body weight growth,an increase in lung tissue index(P＜0.05),and a notable increase in the expression and distribution of the fibrosis marker alpha-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)in lung tissue.The structure of the lung tissue was disrupted,accompanied by the deposition of interstitial collagen fibers.Both N-Tad and Cialis treatments could significantly enhance the rate of weight gain,decrease the lung tissue index,inhibit the expression of α-SMA,and reduce the depo-sition of interstitial collagen in the lung tissue of rats with pulmonary fibrosis.Notably,low-dose N-Tad treatment was comparable to high-dose Cialis treat-ment.At the cellular level,Tadalafil significantly in-hibited the high expression of Fn induced by transfor-ming growth factor beta 1(TGF-β1)in A549 cells.It also upregulated the expression of E-cadherin and sig-nificantly increased the levels of acetylated histones(P＜0.05).Conclusions N-Tad promotes histone acetylation in alveolar epithelial cells,significantly in-hibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition,increases E-cadherin expression,and improves lung tissue structur-al damage and collagen deposition caused by PQ.Ad-ditionally,it offers the advantage of a lower effective dose compared to Cialis,providing a new option for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.