BACKGROUND:Muscle aging is closely related to various epigenetic changes,and exercise has a certain regulatory effect on these epigenetic changes.However,the specific mechanism is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE:To review the epigenetic mechanisms of skeletal muscle and how exercise can improve skeletal muscle aging and promote adaptive changes in muscle through these epigenetic mechanisms,aiming to provide a more comprehensive understanding of skeletal muscle aging and disease mechanisms. METHODS:During the period from June 1st to August 1st,2023,literature searches were conducted for relevant literature published from database inception to August 2023 in databases including Web of Science,PubMed,CNKI,WanFang,and VIP.The search terms used included"skeletal muscle,""muscle,""aging,""older adult,""aging,""exercise,""physical exercise,""epigenetic,"and"epigenetics"in Chinese as well as"skeletal muscle,muscle,aging,older adult,senescence,age,exercise,sports,physical activity,epigenetic,epigenetics"in English.Boolean logic operators were used to connect the search terms for retrieval,and corresponding strategies were developed.According to the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria,70 eligible articles were selected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Epigenetics refers to the phenomenon where gene expression and function are regulated without changes in gene sequence,and epigenetic changes in skeletal muscle are an important field.The epigenetic mechanisms of skeletal muscle play an important role in muscle aging,mainly involving DNA methylation,histone modification,regulation of non-coding RNAs,chromatin remodeling,changes in mitochondrial function and expression changes of aging-related genes.Exercise significantly regulates the epigenetics of skeletal muscle,including promoting DNA methylation,muscle histone modification,regulating miRNA expression,and regulating lncRNA expression,regulating muscle factors(such as interleukin-6),regulating mitochondrial function(such as peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors γ co-activator 1α).Future studies are recommended for long-term,cross-diverse population-based exercise interventions;the application of multi-omics techniques such as proteomics and metabolomics;strengthening the understanding of epigenetic changes at the single-cell level;cross-species comparative studies as well as human clinical trials for the translation of animal model findings to humans;strategies for combining exercise and pharmacological interventions to assess their synergistic effects;and epigenetic studies of crosstalk interactions between skeletal muscle and different organs.

Objective: To explore effects of cumulative family risk in university students on individuals internalizing problems, to elucidate the mediating roles of perceived social support and self esteem in the relationship, so as to provide a basis for promoting university student s mental health. Methods: Using longitudinal design, 1 207 freshmen from a university in Tianjin were randomly selected and surveyed in November 2023 (T1) and November 2024 (T2). The instruments included the Cumulative Family Risk Scale, the Perceived Social Support Scale, the Self esteem Scale, and the College Student Mental Health Screening Scale. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was constructed, with Bootstrap method used to test mediating effects and to examine gender differences. Results: The results showed that cumulative family risk at T1 with internalizing problems at T1( r =0.30) and internalizing problems at T2 ( r =0.32) were significantly positively correlated (both P <0.01). Mediation analysis indicated that the independent mediating effect of perceived social support at T1，cumulative family risk at T1 and internalizing problems at T2 was 0.03 (95% CI =0.02-0.05), and the independent mediating effect of self esteem at T1 was 0.08 (95% CI = 0.06 -0.10) (both P <0.05). The chain mediating effect of perceived social support and self esteem at T1 was 0.02 (95% CI =0.02-0.03) ( P <0.05). Significant gender differences were observed in the path from cumulative family risk to self esteem ( β male =-0.24, β female =-0.35) and in the path from perceived social support to self esteem ( β male =0.41, β female =0.25) (all P <0.05). Conclusion Cumulative family risk reduces internalizing behaviors in university students via internal and external development resources, with gender specific mechanisms.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of diagnostic-driven therapy for invasive fungal disease(IFD) in patients with myeloid hematologic malignancies. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 91 patients with myeloid hematologic malignancies who received diagnostic-driven therapy for IFD at the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2023. The patients were divided into two groups based on medication: 44 patients in the caspofungin group and 47 patients in the voriconazole group. The clinical efficacy and adverse reactions of the two groups were compared and analyzed. RESULTS: The overall response rates in the caspofungin and voriconazole groups were 67.4% and 60.0%, respectively. Among patients who transitioned to diagnostic-driven therapy following prophylactic or empirical treatment with triazole antifungal agents, the response rate of the caspofungin group was significantly higher than that of the voriconazole group (76.9% vs 35.3%, P <0.05). A total of 9 patients in both groups experienced adverse reactions, and no grade III or higher adverse reactions occurred. The incidence of grade I-II adverse reactions in the caspofungin group was lower than in the voriconazole group (2.3% vs 17.0%, P <0.05). CONCLUSION In patients with myeloid hematologic malignancies, caspofungin and voriconazole demonstrate comparable clinical efficacy in diagnostic-driven therapy for IFD, but caspofungin is associated with a lower incidence of adverse reactions. Caspofungin exhibits significant effectiveness when initiating diagnostic-driven therapy after prophylactic or empirical treatment with broad-spectrum triazole antifungal agents.
Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Hematologic Neoplasms/complications* ; Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use* ; Voriconazole/therapeutic use* ; Caspofungin/therapeutic use* ; Invasive Fungal Infections/diagnosis* ; Male ; Female ; Mycoses/drug therapy* ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Aged ; Adult

Neutralizing antibodies have been designed to specifically target and bind to the receptor binding domain (RBD) of spike (S) protein to block severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus from attaching to angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). This study reports a distinctive nanobody, designated as VHH21, that directly catalyzes the S-trimer into an irreversible transition state through postfusion conformational changes. Derived from camels immunized with multiple antigens, a set of nanobodies with high affinity for the S1 protein displays abilities to neutralize pseudovirion infections with a broad resistance to variants of concern of SARS-CoV-2, including SARS-CoV and BatRaTG13. Importantly, a super-resolution screening and analysis platform based on visual fluorescence probes was designed and applied to monitor single proteins and protein subunits. A spontaneously occurring dimeric form of VHH21 was obtained to rapidly destroy the S-trimer. Structural analysis via cryogenic electron microscopy revealed that VHH21 targets specific conserved epitopes on the S protein, distinct from the ACE2 binding site on the RBD, which destabilizes the fusion process. This research highlights the potential of VHH21 as an abzyme-like nanobody (nanoabzyme) possessing broad-spectrum binding capabilities and highly effective anti-viral properties and offers a promising strategy for combating coronavirus outbreaks.
Single-Domain Antibodies/immunology* ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism* ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology* ; Animals ; Humans ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology* ; Camelus ; COVID-19/immunology* ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology* ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2

Objective:To explore the scientificity of the public hospital liability policy governance from the perspective of policy tools,and to provide evidence for the optimization and adjustment of subsequent policies.Methods:Policy texts at the national and regional levels from 2009-2022 were selected,and the coding results were statistically analyzed using Excel 2019 based on Rothwell and Zegveld's classification of policy tools.Results:A total of 128 policy texts were included in the analysis,with 29.96%,34.16%,and 35.88%of the policy tools in the policy instrument dimension being demand-based,supply-based,and environment-based,respectively.The system mechanism dimension focused primarily on compensation mechanisms.Conclusion:The use of the three policy instruments is mainly dominated by environmental policies,with a relative lack of policies from demand side.It is recommended that the use of policies from demand side could be strengthened and the internal structure of policy tools be optimized,to improve the consistency and coupling of policies.

Objective:To explore the scientificity of the public hospital liability policy governance from the perspective of policy tools,and to provide evidence for the optimization and adjustment of subsequent policies.Methods:Policy texts at the national and regional levels from 2009-2022 were selected,and the coding results were statistically analyzed using Excel 2019 based on Rothwell and Zegveld's classification of policy tools.Results:A total of 128 policy texts were included in the analysis,with 29.96%,34.16%,and 35.88%of the policy tools in the policy instrument dimension being demand-based,supply-based,and environment-based,respectively.The system mechanism dimension focused primarily on compensation mechanisms.Conclusion:The use of the three policy instruments is mainly dominated by environmental policies,with a relative lack of policies from demand side.It is recommended that the use of policies from demand side could be strengthened and the internal structure of policy tools be optimized,to improve the consistency and coupling of policies.

Objective:To explore the scientificity of the public hospital liability policy governance from the perspective of policy tools,and to provide evidence for the optimization and adjustment of subsequent policies.Methods:Policy texts at the national and regional levels from 2009-2022 were selected,and the coding results were statistically analyzed using Excel 2019 based on Rothwell and Zegveld's classification of policy tools.Results:A total of 128 policy texts were included in the analysis,with 29.96%,34.16%,and 35.88%of the policy tools in the policy instrument dimension being demand-based,supply-based,and environment-based,respectively.The system mechanism dimension focused primarily on compensation mechanisms.Conclusion:The use of the three policy instruments is mainly dominated by environmental policies,with a relative lack of policies from demand side.It is recommended that the use of policies from demand side could be strengthened and the internal structure of policy tools be optimized,to improve the consistency and coupling of policies.

Objective:To explore the scientificity of the public hospital liability policy governance from the perspective of policy tools,and to provide evidence for the optimization and adjustment of subsequent policies.Methods:Policy texts at the national and regional levels from 2009-2022 were selected,and the coding results were statistically analyzed using Excel 2019 based on Rothwell and Zegveld's classification of policy tools.Results:A total of 128 policy texts were included in the analysis,with 29.96%,34.16%,and 35.88%of the policy tools in the policy instrument dimension being demand-based,supply-based,and environment-based,respectively.The system mechanism dimension focused primarily on compensation mechanisms.Conclusion:The use of the three policy instruments is mainly dominated by environmental policies,with a relative lack of policies from demand side.It is recommended that the use of policies from demand side could be strengthened and the internal structure of policy tools be optimized,to improve the consistency and coupling of policies.

Objective:To explore the scientificity of the public hospital liability policy governance from the perspective of policy tools,and to provide evidence for the optimization and adjustment of subsequent policies.Methods:Policy texts at the national and regional levels from 2009-2022 were selected,and the coding results were statistically analyzed using Excel 2019 based on Rothwell and Zegveld's classification of policy tools.Results:A total of 128 policy texts were included in the analysis,with 29.96%,34.16%,and 35.88%of the policy tools in the policy instrument dimension being demand-based,supply-based,and environment-based,respectively.The system mechanism dimension focused primarily on compensation mechanisms.Conclusion:The use of the three policy instruments is mainly dominated by environmental policies,with a relative lack of policies from demand side.It is recommended that the use of policies from demand side could be strengthened and the internal structure of policy tools be optimized,to improve the consistency and coupling of policies.

Objective:To explore the scientificity of the public hospital liability policy governance from the perspective of policy tools,and to provide evidence for the optimization and adjustment of subsequent policies.Methods:Policy texts at the national and regional levels from 2009-2022 were selected,and the coding results were statistically analyzed using Excel 2019 based on Rothwell and Zegveld's classification of policy tools.Results:A total of 128 policy texts were included in the analysis,with 29.96%,34.16%,and 35.88%of the policy tools in the policy instrument dimension being demand-based,supply-based,and environment-based,respectively.The system mechanism dimension focused primarily on compensation mechanisms.Conclusion:The use of the three policy instruments is mainly dominated by environmental policies,with a relative lack of policies from demand side.It is recommended that the use of policies from demand side could be strengthened and the internal structure of policy tools be optimized,to improve the consistency and coupling of policies.