OBJECTIVE To explore the improvement effect and potential mechanism of modified Yanghe decoction on bone destruction in rats with breast cancer bone metastasis based on the receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 （RIPK1）/RIPK3 pathway. METHODS The rat model of breast cancer bone metastasis was established by injecting a suspension of breast cancer cells into the bone marrow cavity. The rats with successful modeling were randomly divided into a model group （intragastric administration of equal volume of normal saline）， modified Yanghe decoction low-， medium-， and high-dose groups （intragastric administration of corresponding decoction at 1.30， 2.60 and 5.20 g/kg， calculated by the dosage of crude drug）， high-dose modified Yanghe decoction+si-RIPK1 group （intragastric administration of corresponding decoction at 5.20 g/kg， calculated by the dosage of crude drug； simultaneous injection of small interfering RNA for RIPK1 via the tail vein）， and high-dose modified Yanghe decoction+si-NC group （intragastric administration of corresponding decoction at 5.20 g/kg， calculated by the dosage of crude drug； simultaneous injection of small interfering RNA for negative control via the tail vein）， with 12 rats in each group. Another 12 healthy rats were selected as the control group and were given the same volume of normal saline intragastrically， once a day， for 14 consecutive days. Body weight was measured before administration and at the end of the last administration. The mechanical pain threshold and thermal pain threshold were measured， and the bone destruction， pathological changes and osteoclast formation of the tibia were observed. The positive expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB （RANK） and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand （RANKL） in the tibial tissue， as well as the phosphorylation levels of RIPK1， RIPK3 and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein （MLKL） were detected. RESULTS Compared with the control group， the tumor cells of tibia tissues in rats of the model group showed significant proliferation and diffuse infiltration into the bone marrow cavity. Extensive areas of tumor necrosis of cells， severe bone destruction， thinning of the bone cortex， and damage to the bone trabeculae were observed. The body weight （before administration and at the end of the last administration）， mechanical pain threshold， thermal pain threshold， and the phosphorylation levels of RIPK1， RIPK3 and MLKL were decreased significantly； the tumor volume， the proportion of bone destruction area， the number of osteoclasts， and the positive expressions of RANK and RANKL were increased/up-regulated significantly （P＜0.05）. Compared with the model group， the above pathological changes in the tibial tissues of rats in modified Yanghe decoction low-， medium- and high-dose groups were all alleviated， and all quantitative indicators showed dose-dependent improvement （P＜0.05）. After silencing RIPK1， the aforementioned beneficial effects of high-dose modified Yanghe decoction were significantly weakened （P＜0.05）.CONCLUSIONSModified Yanghe decoction can alleviate bone destruction in rats with breast cancer bone metastasis. The above effect is related to the activation of the RIPK1/RIPK3 pathway.

There are practical and cost-effective opportunities for the prevention and early intervention of periodontal disease, a common oral condition. Depression and anxiety represent major global mental health challenges, and they are characterized by high prevalence rates and an elevated suicide risk. Their clinical management is complicated by extended treatment timelines and substantial healthcare costs. Accumulating evidence demonstrates a statistically significant bidirectional association between periodontal disease and depression/anxiety disorders. However, established clinical pathways integrating these conditions remain lacking. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of current research examining the relationship between periodontal disease and mood disorders, specifically depression and anxiety. This study explored the bidirectional mechanisms within the microbiota-oral-brain axis, which includes both periodontal disease inducing neuroinflammation through pro-inflammatory factors, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) activating the TLR-4/NF-κB signaling pathway, and depression and anxiety leading to “glucocorticoid resistance” through hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation, thus causing dual immune dysfunction that exacerbates periodontal tissue destruction, as well as the mechanisms by which biological, psychological, and social factors contribute to the bidirectional association between periodontal disease and depression/anxiety. We propose implementing bidirectional referral protocols between dental and psychiatric services in clinical practice, incorporating mental health screening tools, such as Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7(GAD-7), for patients with moderate-to-severe periodontal disease, and incorporating periodontal examination into routine assessment during psychiatric services. This multidisciplinary approach aims to break the vicious circle between these conditions and provide clinicians with pragmatic intervention strategies.

Objective: To understand the current status of psychological sub health among secondary vocational school students and explore its related factors, so as to provide a scientific basis for improving their mental health. Methods: From September to December 2024, a convenience sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey among 5 141 secondary vocational school students from 16 schools across 8 provinces and municipalities (Fujian, Chongqing, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hubei, Jiangxi, Shanghai, Zhejiang). A self designed questionnaire was used to collect data on students demographic characteristics and lifestyle behaviors. The Multidimensional Sub health Questionnaire of Adolescents was adopted to assess psychological sub health status. Multivariate binary Logistic stepwise regression analysis was performed to explore the related factors of psychological sub health among secondary vocational school students. Results: The detection rate of psychological sub health among secondary vocational school students was 11.0%, with detection rates of emotional problems, conduct problems, and social adaptation difficulty being 12.3 %, 12.5%, and 9.5%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis revealed that boys and students whose fathers had an educational level of primary school or below, and junior high school, had relatively lower risks of developing psychological sub health or emotional problems, conduct problems, and social adaptation difficulty ( OR =0.55-0.64, all P <0.05). Conversely, students with urban household registration, those with left behind experience, those with poor self rated family economic status, those from other family structures, those classified as overweight and obesity, and those with sleep disorders, frequent consumption of sugar sweetened beverages, frequent consumption of takeout/delivery food, smoking, alcohol consumption, and low to moderate physical activity levels exhibited significantly higher risks across psychological sub health or emotional problems,conduct problems, and social adaptation difficulty ( OR =1.25-4.79, all P <0.05). Conclusions The psychological sub health condition of secondary vocational school students should not be neglected. Psychological sub health of secondary vocational school students is related to multiple factors such as demographic characteristics and lifestyle behaviors. Multi dimensional intervention measures should be implemented to improve their mental health.

This study reports a new species of Culicoides(Avaritia)isolated from Xunke County, Heilongjiang Province, China. The new species, Culicoides(Avaritia)dongshanensis Liu et Wang, sp. nov., was identified and illustrated based on female adults. Its diagnostic characteristics are as follows: eyes contiguous over a short distance, with short interfacetal hair, antennal ratio(AR)of 1.20, palpal ratio(PR)of 2.16, wing length of 0.83 mm, mandible with 15 teeth, one pale spot in base cell M1, one pale spot in cell M4, two pale spots in cell A, and two unequal spermathecae. Type specimens were deposited at the Center for Disease Control and Prevention of the Northern Theater Command.

Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is an essential nutrient for bacterial growth, metabolism and signal regulation. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis, encounters restricted Pi availability inside host cells. The uptake and utilization of Pi are mainly accomplished by the phosphate-specific transport (Pst) system. The survival and pathogenicity of Mtb rely on its precise sensing and adaptation to the hostile intracellular environment. The Pst system not only mediates bacterial drug resistance, toxin production and invasion, but also regulates virulence expression, membrane vesicle biogenesis and the synthesis of the nucleotide signaling molecule (p)ppGpp via the Pst-SenX3-RegX3 signaling axis, exhibiting typical multifunctional characteristics. As a member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family, the Pst system in Mtb consists of PstS, PstC, PstA, PstB and PhoU-like proteins, with distinct physiological functions for different proteins and their isoforms.This review focuses on the molecular structure and function of key proteins in the Pst system, as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying Pi transport regulation and bacterial drug resistance, providing a reference for further exploring the relationship between this system and drug resistance, as well as the development of novel drugs targeting the Pst system.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the larvicidal effect of ultrasonic waves against Aedes albopictus larvae at various exposure parameters (distance and time), and to preliminarily investigate the effects of different containers (water volume and depth) and ultrasonic devices on the larvicidal efficacy, so as to provide experimental evidence for the application of ultrasound-based mosquito control technology. MethodsUnder controlled laboratory conditions, two commercially available ultrasonic devices [40 kHz/300 W and (50±5) kHz/70 W] were used to systematically examine the effects of exposure distance (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 cm), exposure duration (1, 3, 6, 15 and 60 min), larval instar(Ⅰ‒Ⅱ and Ⅲ‒Ⅳ）, and container type on the immediate mortality of Aedes albopictus larvae collected from urban areas of Shanghai. Statistical analysis of the mortality rates of larvae among different experimental groups was performed using the chi-square test. ResultsUltrasonic exposure exerted a detectable larvicidal effect against Aedes albopictus larvae of all instars. For early-instar larvae, exposure time significantly affected mortality at all tested distances (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 cm), with χ² values ranging from 25.57 to 32.74 ( all P<0.001). No significant distance effect was observed in the first and second instar larvae after short-term exposure (1 and 3 min; P>0.05). However, a distance-dependent effect emerged from 6 min onward (P<0.05). During short-term exposure (1 min and 3 min) at close range (20 cm and 40 cm), the immediate mortality of the third and fourth instar larvae was higher than that of the first and second instar larvae. Conversely, during prolonged exposure (15 min and 60 min), the first and second instar larvae exhibited significantly higher mortality than that of the third and fourth instar larvae. These results indicated that larval mortality was jointly influenced by exposure duration and distance. Preliminary experiments indicated that larvicidal efficacy in shallow water was lower than that in deep water. No significant difference in larvicidal effect was observed between the two ultrasonic devices with different frequencies and power outputs. ConclusionUnder laboratory conditions, ultrasound can effectively kill Aedes albopictus larvae, and the larvicidal effect is jointly influenced by larval instar, exposure distance, and aquatic environment. Compact ultrasonic devices show potential for field application in biological mosquito control.

Surgical treatment is one of the key approaches for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Regular postoperative follow-up is crucial for early detection and timely management of tumor recurrence, metastasis, or second primary tumors. A scientifically sound and reasonable follow-up strategy not only extends patient survival but also significantly improves quality of life, thereby enhancing overall prognosis. This consensus aims to build upon the previous version by incorporating the latest clinical research advancements and refining postoperative follow-up protocols for early-stage NSCLC patients based on different treatment modalities. It provides a scientific and practical reference for clinicians involved in the postoperative follow-up management of NSCLC. By optimizing follow-up strategies, this consensus seeks to promote the standardization and normalization of lung cancer diagnosis and treatment in China, helping more patients receive high-quality care and long-term management. Additionally, the release of this consensus is expected to provide insights for related research and clinical practice both domestically and internationally, driving continuous development and innovation in the field of postoperative management for NSCLC.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Yulin Hukun decoction on autophagy mediated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）/mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） signaling pathway in the mouse model of cyclophosphamide-induced diminished ovarian reserve and explore the follicular development-improving mechanism of this decoction. MethodsSixty female ICR mice with normal estrous cycle were assigned into a blank group （n=10） and a modeling group （n=50）. The model was established by intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide （60 mg·kg^-1） for 5 days. The successfully modeled mice were randomly grouped as follows： model， estradiol （0.26 mg·kg^-1）， and high-， medium-， and low-dose （56.42， 28.21， 14.105 g·kg^-1， respectively） Yulin Hukun decoction， with 10 mice in each group. The blank group and the model group received normal saline （10 mL·kg^-1）. The intervention was performed once a day for 21 days. The general conditions， estrous cycle， body weight， and ovary index were observed and recorded for each group. Serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH）， luteinizing hormone （LH）， estradiol （E₂）， and anti-Müllerian hormone （AMH） were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Histopathological changes in the ovarian tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Western blot was employed to determine the protein levels of PI3K， Akt， mTOR， autophagy-related protein 7 （Atg7）， beclin1， microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3Ⅱ （LC3Ⅱ）， ubiquitin-binding adaptor protein （p62）， forkhead box protein O1 （FoxO1）， and acetylated forkhead box protein O1 （Ac-FoxO1） in mouse ovaries. Real-time PCR was adopted to determine the mRNA levels of PI3K， Akt， mTOR， Atg7， beclin1， and LC3Ⅱ in the mouse ovarian tissue. ResultsCompared with the blank group， the model group had disturbed estrous cycle， decreased body weight （P<0.05）， loose ovarian structure with increased atretic follicles， increased serum FSH level （P<0.05）， and decreased AMH and estradiol levels （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the treatment groups showed recovered estrous cycles and body weight. The estradiol group and high- and medium-dose Yulin Hukun decoction groups showed declined FSH level （P<0.05） and elevated AMH levels （P<0.05）. In addition， the treatment groups showed downregulated protein levels of Atg7， LC3Ⅱ， beclin1， FoxO1， and Ac-FoxO1 （P<0.01）， upregulated protein levels of PI3K， Akt， mTOR， and p62 （P<0.01） in the ovarian tissue， gradual repair of the ovarian structure， with more intact and numerous follicles of various stages. ConclusionYulin Hukun decoction can inhibit autophagy in ovarian granulosa cells by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and inhibiting the expression of autophagy-related proteins and transcription factors， thereby improving follicular development and ovarian reserve.

Under the background of the Healthy China strategy， the integration of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） into the public health emergency response system has become an important measure to enhance the capacity for coping with public health emergencies. In recent years， the role of TCM in responding to such emergencies has become increasingly prominent. Taking major emerging epidemics as an example， TCM has developed a rich theoretical system and practical experience in epidemic prevention and treatment over thousands of years， and has played a significant role in successive outbreaks with its unique advantages. Based on the concept of ''preventing disease before its onset'' and the theoretical framework of treatment based on syndrome differentiation， TCM has achieved remarkable results through early intervention and full participation in the integrated model of TCM and Western medicine， from severe acute respiratory syndrome （SARS） to corona virus disease-2019 （COVID-19）， in improving clinical symptoms and outcomes， reducing adverse reactions， and promoting recovery. From the perspective of the Healthy China strategy， this paper systematically reviews the historical development of TCM in epidemic prevention and treatment， with particular attention to recent epidemics such as SARS， influenza A （H1N1）， and COVID-19. It further examines the similarities and differences between TCM and Western medicine in responding to major emerging epidemics， as well as relevant policies related to TCM in epidemic prevention and control. In addition， it summarizes the existing problems in TCM's role in the prevention and treatment of major emerging epidemics， and explores measures to improve its rapid response capacity under the Healthy China strategy. This study not only provides a ''Chinese solution'' for the prevention and control of newly emerging infectious diseases worldwide， but also offers theoretical and practical references for strengthening the public health emergency response system， carrying strategic significance for promoting the modernization and internationalization of TCM.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is primarily transmitted through the respiratory tract, and remains one of the diseases with the highest mortality rate of single-pathogen infections globally. The cell wall polysaccharides of M. tuberculosis are critical for maintaining bacterial structure, mediating pathogenesis, and enabling immune evasion. Lipoarabinomannan (LAM), a key polysaccharide component, has revolutionized non-invasive diagnostic technologies as a TB biomarker, while polysaccharide-based vaccines have emerged as innovative strategies for TB prevention. This review systematically examines the composition, subcellular distribution, and functional roles of M. tuberculosis cell wall polysaccharides in bacterial metabolism, drug resistance, and immune regulation. A particular emphasis is placed on recent advancements in LAM-based diagnostics and vaccine development. Future studies should utilize advanced technologies to precisely characterize the structural features of TB polysaccharides and explore their biological functions, providing a foundation for targeted diagnostic and therapeutic innovations. This article aims to provide reference for advancing both basic research and clinical applications related to M. tuberculosis.