EFFECTS OF ELECTRONIC CIGARETTES ON PHYSICAL AND MENTAL HEALTH AMONG YOUNGSTERS: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY Abstract Objective: The basic aim of the study is to create awareness and evaluate the knowledge, attitude and perception of youngsters towards the use of e-cigarette. Methodology: A questionnaire based survey was generated through Google form and circulated through social media platforms the target audience age was 18 years-40 years’ data were analyzed through Statistical Software (SPSS). Results and Discussion: In this study n=1000 participants were participated in the survey 450 were females and 550 were males, the participants were 18 years-20 years of age included (50) males and (100) females, 20 years-30 years (200) males and (100) females whereas 30 years-40 years of age included (300) males and (250) females, among them n=433 use vape/e-cigarette while n=567 do not use this. N=113 respondent respond that they don’t know that e-cigarette have harmful ingredients in it, n=285 participants faced depression, anxiety and mood swings without it whereas n=334 respond that its consumption causes severe mental and physical health. Conclusion: The basic aim of the survey is to create awareness among users to reduce and prevent the use of vape-cigarette as it causes severe consequences towards the health this study enhances the power of health system that in collaboration of school and offices through awareness session can reduce its use. ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 25 ( ) November, 2024; 1-5.

BACKGROUND: The industrial revolution has resulted in increased synthesis and the introduction of a variety of compounds into the environment and their potentially hazardous effects have been observed in the biota. The present study was aimed to evaluate the potential endocrine-disrupting effects of chronic exposure to the low concentrations of bisphenol S (BPS) in male rats. METHODS: Weaning male Sprague-Dawley rats (22 days old) were either exposed to water containing 0.1% ethanol for control or different concentrations of BPS (0.5, 5, and 50 μg/L) in drinking water for 48 weeks in the chronic exposure study. After completion of the experimental period, animals were dissected and different parameters (hormone concentrations, histology of testis and epididymis, oxidative stress and level of antioxidant enzymes in the testis, daily sperm production (DSP), and sperm parameters) were determined. RESULTS: Results of the present study showed a significant alteration in the gonadosomatic index (GSI) and relative reproductive organ weights. Oxidative stress in the testis was significantly elevated while sperm motility, daily sperm production, and the number of sperm in epididymis were reduced. Plasma testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations were reduced and estradiol levels were high in the 50 μg/L-exposed group. Histological observations involved a significant reduction in the epithelial height of the testis along with disrupted spermatogenesis, an empty lumen of the seminiferous tubules, and the caput region of the epididymis. CONCLUSION These results suggest that exposure to 5 and 50 μg/L of BPS for the chronic duration started from an early age can induce structural changes in testicular tissue architecture and endocrine alterations in the male reproductive system which may lead to infertility in males.
Animals ; Biomarkers ; Endocrine Disruptors/toxicity* ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects* ; Environmental Pollutants/toxicity* ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/physiopathology* ; Infertility, Male/physiopathology* ; Male ; Phenols/toxicity* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sulfones/toxicity* ; Testis/physiopathology* ; Toxicity Tests, Chronic

For the development of 19-plex Y STR system and polymorphism studies in locl ethnic populations sixteen markers of non-recombining regions (NRY) of Y chromosome, which show high power of discrimination among individuals, were selected in this study. Blood samples (600) were e.ollected from the males of three most common castes of Pakistani population (Arnin, Awan and Rajput) with different parent lineages. Three markers (DYS385a/b, DYS389Ⅰ/Ⅱ and YCAⅡa/b) among 16 Y STRs are double-targeted regions of the Y chromosome and thus provide two polymorphie peaks for each respective primer set. These 16 Y-STRs were developed into Megaplex system for simultaneous amplification of all markers within the population. The overall power of discrimination observed in focused populations was 60.5%, 66.5% and 55% in Rajput, Awan and Arain casts respectively. This discrimination power will be helpful in haman identification for forensic casework studies including sexual assaults and paternity testing.