Objective:This aims to investigate the diagnostic and evaluative value of MRI for lymphatic malformations in the head, neck, and facial regions of children. Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the MRI imaging data of 31 cases of head, neck, and facial lymphatic malformations in children admitted to the Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, from January 2022 to January 2024. Results:The MRI images of this group of cases primarily displayed irregular morphology（80.6%, 25/31）, thin-walled cysts（80.6%, 25/31）, and compression of surrounding tissues. The boundaries were clear（100%, 31/31）, with characteristics of invasive and drill-like growth（93.5%）. The cyst walls or internal septa exhibited high signal intensity on T1WI, low signal intensity on T2WI, and mild to moderate enhancement（100%）. The contents of the cysts showed low signal intensity on T1WI, high signal intensity on T2WI, and no enhancement（35.5%, 11/31）. Mixed signals with varying degrees of enhancement were observed in 20 cases（64.5%）. There were 29 cases of multilocular cysts（93.5%, 29/31）, and 11 cases of fluid-fluid levels（35.5%）. The MRI diagnostic accuracy for this group of cases was 100%. Conclusion:Lymphatic Malformations of head, neck and facial region in children have very characteristic features on MRI, such as typical thin wall, clear boundaries, irregular shapes, invasive growth, no enhancement, multilocular cystic masses, fluid-fluid level, etc. Furthermore, it is more appropriate for children with lymphatic malformations owing to its non-radiation and non-invasive benefits. Diagnosing lymphatic malformations in the head, neck, and facial region in children should begin with this.
Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Lymphatic Abnormalities/diagnostic imaging* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neck/diagnostic imaging* ; Head/diagnostic imaging* ; Face/diagnostic imaging* ; Child ; Male ; Female ; Child, Preschool ; Adolescent ; Infant

OBJECTIVE: To identify the key features of facial and tongue images associated with anemia in female populations, establish anemia risk-screening models, and evaluate their performance. METHODS: A total of 533 female participants (anemic and healthy) were recruited from Shuguang Hospital. Facial and tongue images were collected using the TFDA-1 tongue and face diagnosis instrument. Color and texture features from various parts of facial and tongue images were extracted using Face Diagnosis Analysis System (FDAS) and Tongue Diagnosis Analysis System version 2.0 (TDAS v2.0). Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression was used for feature selection. Ten machine learning models and one deep learning model (ResNet50V2 + Conv1D) were developed and evaluated. RESULTS: Anemic women showed lower a-values, higher L- and b-values across all age groups. Texture features analysis showed that women aged 30-39 with anemia had higher angular second moment (ASM)and lower entropy (ENT) values in facial images, while those aged 40-49 had lower contrast (CON), ENT, and MEAN values in tongue images but higher ASM. Anemic women exhibited age-related trends similar to healthy women, with decreasing L-values and increasing a-, b-, and ASM-values. LASSO identified 19 key features from 62. Among classifiers, the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model achieved the best performance [area under the curve (AUC): 0.849, accuracy: 0.781]. The ResNet50V2 model achieved comparable results [AUC: 0.846, accuracy: 0.818]. CONCLUSION Differences in facial and tongue images suggest that color and texture features can serve as potential TCM phenotype and auxiliary diagnostic indicators for female anemia.
Humans ; Female ; Tongue/diagnostic imaging* ; Adult ; Anemia/diagnosis* ; Middle Aged ; Face/diagnostic imaging* ; Young Adult ; Machine Learning

Dermoscopy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Face ; Humans ; Nevus, Pigmented ; Skin Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging* ; Wood

OBJECTIVE: To assess the reproducibility of non-verbal facial expressions (smile lips closed, smile lips open, lip purse, cheek puff) in normal persons using dynamic three-dimensional (3D) imaging and provide reference data for future research. METHODS: In this study, 15 adults (7 males and 8 females) without facial asymmetry and facial nerve dysfunction were recruited. Each participant was seated upright in front of the 3D imaging system in natural head position. The whole face could be captured in all six cameras. The dynamic 3D system captured 60 3D images per second. Four facial expressions were included: smile lips closed, smile lips open, lip purse, and cheek puff. Before starting, we instructed the subjects to make facial expressions to develop muscle memory. During recording, each facial expression took about 3 to 4 seconds. At least 1 week later, the procedure was repeated. The rest position (T0) was considered as the base frame. The first quartile of expressions (T1), just after reaching the maximum state of expressions (T2), just before the end of maximum state of expressions (T3), the third quartile of expressions (T4), and the end of motion (T5) were selected as key frames. Using the stable part of face such as forehead, each key frame (T1-T5) of the different expressions was aligned on the corresponding frame at rest (T0). The root mean square (RMS) between each key frame and its corresponding frame at rest were calculated. The Wilcoxon signed ranks test was applied to assess statistical differences between the corresponding frames of the different facial expressions. RESULTS: Facial expressions like smile lips closed, smile lips open, and cheek puff were reproducible. Lip purse was not reproducible. The statistically significant differences were found on the T2 frame of the repeated lip purse movement. CONCLUSION The dynamic 3D imaging can be used to evaluate the reproducibility of facial expressions. Compared with the qualitative analysis and two-dimensions analysis, dynamic 3D images can be able to more truly represent the facial expressions which make the research more reliable.
Adult ; Face/diagnostic imaging* ; Facial Expression ; Female ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Lip/diagnostic imaging* ; Male ; Photogrammetry ; Reproducibility of Results ; Smiling

To investigate three-dimensional morphological features of temporomandibular joint in skeletal malocclusion Class III with different vertical skeletal facial types.
 Methods: A total of 46 adults with skeletal malocclusion Class III were enrolled and allocated into a normal-angle, a high-angle and a low-angle groups. All patients were undergone cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Images of temporomandibular joint were reconstructed and analyzed by Invivo 5. Nine measurements relevant to the positions and forms of condyle as well as joint spaces were performed.
 Results: Significant differences were not observed between the 2 sides of each group among skeletal malocclusion Class III (P>0.05). Compared with the high-angle and normal-angle patients, the low-angle patients had larger superior spaces, bigger gradients of the articular tublecle, longer condyle, and larger internal spaces between the condyle and the fossa. Compared with the low-angle and normal-angle patients, the high-angle patients had smaller condylar antero-posterior diameters.
 Conclusion: Class III malocclusion patients with different vertical skeletal patterns have different positions and forms of condyles, which should be paid attention to in clinic.
Adult ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Face ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Malocclusion, Angle Class III ; diagnostic imaging ; Mandibular Condyle ; diagnostic imaging ; Temporomandibular Joint ; diagnostic imaging

China ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Face ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Jaw ; diagnostic imaging ; Mouth ; diagnostic imaging

OBJECTIVETo analyze craniofacial growth three-dimensionally for adolescents with normal occlusion in Beijing.

METHODSOne hundred and twenty-six adolescents with normal occlusion were selected according to the criteria. The sample was divided into four age groups (53 within 4 years, 30 within 7 years, 27 within 10 years and 16 within 13 years). Information of growth was collected. Three-dimensional cephalometric system based on cone-bean CT was established.

RESULTSFrom 4 to 13 years Co-A increased (14.55 ± 1.15) mm on average on the left and (13.66 ± 1.14) mm on the right, and Co-Gn increased (22.89 ± 1.40) mm on the left and (22.82 ± 1.38) mm on the right; and U1-NA increased (2.20 ± 0.44) mm on the left and (1.60 ± 0.46) mm on the right; and CoL-CoR and GoL-GoR increased (13.31 ± 1.21) mm and (18.59 ± 1.40) mm, and N-Me increased (18.03 ± 1.32) mm.SN-PP and SN-MPL basically remained unchanged.

CONCLUSIONSAdolescents with normal occlusion in Beijing grew obviously in three-dimensions and developed harmoniously.

Adolescent ; Cephalometry ; methods ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Dental Occlusion ; Face ; anatomy & histology ; diagnostic imaging ; Facial Bones ; anatomy & histology ; diagnostic imaging ; growth & development ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Incisor ; anatomy & histology ; diagnostic imaging ; growth & development ; Mandible ; anatomy & histology ; diagnostic imaging ; growth & development ; Maxilla ; anatomy & histology ; diagnostic imaging ; growth & development ; Maxillofacial Development

OBJECTIVETo primarily assess the surgical technique to correct incomplete Tessier No. 3 craniofacial cleft.

METHODSFrom 2009 to 2010, 3 male patients with incomplete Tessier No. 3 craniofacial clefts were treated. Preoperative CT examination of each patient was performed and the bony defect was evaluated. In the operation, van der Meulen rotation and advancement flap of the cheek and regional Z-plasty were used and the medial canthal ligament was repositioned.

RESULTSOne week after the operation, the sutures were removed and the facial incision healed well. The facial scar was not obvious 6 - 10 months after operation. The shape of medial canthal angle was acceptable, and the height of the medial canthal angle and the length of the palpebral fissure of both sides were symmetrical. The clinical results were satisfactory.

CONCLUSIONSFor the incomplete Tessier No. 3 craniofacial cleft, surgical treatment is mainly focused on the deformities of inner canthus and nasal alae. Medial canthal ligament reposition is the key procedure for correction of the medial canthal deformity and surgical results are stable and reliable.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Craniofacial Abnormalities ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Face ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

In order to predict the post-plastic-surgical effect of patients, we propose a method for synthesizing a high-definition realistic human face from three 2D digital color photos and 3D face model constructed from CT data. The simple genetic algorithm is used to estimate the projective parameters from 3D face model to 2D photos via the correspondence between manually selected 2D and 3D points. Finally, a high-definition realistic human face with detailed texture and smooth transition from front to side is synthesized utilizing the multi-texture mapping mechanism.
Face ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; methods ; Models, Biological ; Photography ; methods ; Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods

Based on the anatomic structure of a girl with class III skelet al malocclusion, a three-dimensional finite element biomechanical model of facial soft tissue was established. With the use of this model, three surgery plans of distraction osteogenesis, LeFort I, II, III maxillary complex advancement in the direction of functional occlusal plane, were simulated. As a result, the facial soft tissue deformation was predicted and the ratio of the facial location deformation to the free bone advancement was calculated. The facial shape after surgery could be viewed in 3D. In addition, the location of center of resistance was investigated when the free bone was protracted forward in the process of LeFort I maxillary complex advancement; it was located at a site about 30 mm posterior to the soft tissue A point. The research result indicates that three-dimensional finite element research on distraction osteogenesis can provide instruction for setting the suitable protraction point and direction of the protraction force in surgery, and by predicting the facial soft tissue deformation, it also can provide the surgeon and patient with information on the options and reference to the surgery plans.
Adolescent ; Cephalometry ; Computer Simulation ; Face ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Malocclusion, Angle Class III ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Maxilla ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Models, Biological ; Osteogenesis, Distraction ; instrumentation ; Osteotomy ; Radiography