AIM To study the chemical constituents from ethyl acetate fraction of Balanophora harlandii Hook.f.and their tyrosinase inhibitory activity.METHODS Separation and purification were performed using silica gel,MCI,ODS,Sephadex LH-20 and semi-preparative HPLC,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.The monophenolase inhibitory activity was determined by the tyrosinase-catalyzed oxidation of L-tyrosine.RESULTS Twenty-four compounds were isolated and identified as sesamin(1),methyl caffeate(2),quercetin(3),5,7-dihydroxychromanone(4),methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate(5),esculetin(6),kaempferol(7),naringenin(8),pyrogallic acid(9),pinosylvin(10),methyl propionate(11),caffeic acid(12),saccharinol(13),ferulic acid(14),trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid(15),cinnamic acid(16),vanillic acid(17),vanillin(18),4-hydroxyacetophenone(19),4-hydroxybenzaldehyde(20),apigenin(21),(-)-isolariciresinol(22),(-)-secoisolariciresinol(23)and meso-2,3-di(3′,4′-methylenedioxybenzyl)butane-1,4-diol(24).The IC50 values of compounds 3,5,7,8,19,and 20 ranged from(0.246 5±0.028 3)to(1.278 2±0.021 3)mmol/L.CONCLUSION Compounds 1-9、11、15、17-21、24 are isolated from this plant for the first time,and 1,6,9,17-19,24 are first isolated from genus Balanophora.Compounds 3、5、7、8、19 and 20 have tyrosinase inhibitory activity.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor(sCD25)and insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)and the immunophenotype and therapeutic efficacy of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma(MM)patients.Methods:125 newly diagnosed MM patients(MM group)who received treatment at Tianmen First People's Hospital from January 2023 to June 2024 were selected,and another 70 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations at our hospital during the same period were selected(control group).The serum sCD25 and IGF-Ⅰ levels in newly diagnosed MM patients of different stages were compared,and newly diagnosed MM patients were divide into remission group(76 cases)and non remission group(49 cases)based on treatment efficacy,the serum sCD25 and IGF-Ⅰ levels between the remission group and non remission group were compared.The patients were divided into high sCD25 group and low sCD25 group,high IGF-Ⅰ group and low IGF-Ⅰgroup according to the median levels of serum sCD25 and IGF-Ⅰ,the immunophenotypic differences between high sCD25 group and low sCD25 group,as well as high IGF-Ⅰ group and low IGF-Ⅰ group were analyzed.Serum sCD25 and IGF-Ⅰ for evaluating the efficacy of newly diagnosed MM patients were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Factors affecting the therapeutic effect of newly diagnosed MM patients were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results:Serum sCD25 and IGF-Ⅰ levels in the control group were significantly lower than those in the MM group(P＜0.05).There was a statistically significant difference in serum sCD25 and IGF-Ⅰ levels among newly diagnosed MM patients at different stages(P＜0.05).Serum sCD25 and IGF-Ⅰ levels in stage Ⅲ newly diagnosed MM patients were significantly higher than those in stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ(P＜0.05),And stage Ⅱ was higher than that in stage Ⅰ(P＜0.05).The positive expression rate of CD56 in the high sCD25 group was higher than that in the low sCD25 group,there was no significant difference in the positive expression rates of CD117 and CD200 between the two groups(P＞0.05).The positive expression rates of CD56 and CD117 in the high IGF-Ⅰ group were higher than those in the low IGF-Ⅰ group(P＜0.05),and there was no significant difference in the positive expression rate of CD200 between the two groups(P＞0.05).Serum sCD25 and IGF-Ⅰ levels in the remission group were significantly lower than those in the non remission group(P＜0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that,the area under the curve(AUC)for evaluating the efficacy of newly diagnosed MM patients using serum sCD25 and IGF-Ⅰ detection alone and in combination were 0.748,0.775 and 0.832,respectively,and the AUC for combined detection was greater than that for each indicator detected separately.The results of multivariate Logistic regression model showed that elevated serum sCD25 level,elevated serum IGF-Ⅰ level and MM stage Ⅲ were independent risk factors affecting the efficacy of newly diagnosed MM patients(P＜0.05).Conclusion:Serum sCD25 and IGF-Ⅰ levels are closely related to the disease stage and therapeutic efficacy of newly diagnosed MM patients.Combined detection has a high evaluation value for efficacy and can be used as an important evaluation index affecting efficacy.

Objective:To explore the diagnostic value of total bilirubin to albumin ratio(B/A ratio)combined with alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)and abnormal prothrombin induced by vitamin K absence-Ⅱ(PIVKA-Ⅱ)for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods:35 HCC patients(HCC group),35 cirrhosis patients(cirrhosis group),35 HCC patients post-transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE)(TACE postoperative group),and 35 healthy volunteers(healthy control group)were selected in our hospital from October 2023 to October 2024.The serum B/A ratio,AFP,and PIVKA-Ⅱ levles were measured and compared across the groups.The correlations between serum B/A ratio,AFP,and PIVKA-Ⅱ in the HCC group were analyzed.The B/A ratio,AFP,PIVKA-Ⅱ were compared across different clinical and pathological features in HCC patients.The serum B/A ratio,AFP,and PIVKA-Ⅱ levels were compared pre and post operation in the HCC group.The diagnostic value of B/A ratio,AFP,PIVKA-Ⅱ alone and in combination for HCC were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.Results:The serum B/A ratio,AFP,and PIVKA-Ⅱ levels in HCC group and TACE postoperative group were significantly higher than those in the cirrhosis group and healthy control group,and the HCC group was higher than that in the TACE postoperative group(P＜0.05).Pearson correlation analysis results showed that,B/A ratio in the HCC group was positively correlated with AFP(r=0.352,P=0.001),B/A ratio was positively correlated with PIVKA-Ⅱ(r=0.327,P=0.003),and AFP was positively correlated with PIVKA-Ⅱ(r=0.285,P=0.008).Higher TNM stage,larger tumor diameter,presence of vascular invasion,and lower differentiation degree of HCC patients,who had higher B/A ratio,AFP,and PIVKA-Ⅱ levels(P＜0.05).Serum B/A ratio,AFP,and PIVKA-Ⅱ levels in the HCC group post operation were significantly lower than those in pre operation(P＜0.05).ROC curve analysis results showed that,when B/A ratio,AFP,and PIVKA-Ⅱ were detected separately,the area under the curve(AUC)was 0.785,0.756,and 0.802,respectively.The AUC for joint detection was 0.925.The AUC in combination was greater than that of individual detection of each indicator.Conclusion:The combination of B/A ratio,AFP,and PIVKA-Ⅱ testing significantly improves the diagnostic efficiency for HCC,which is worthy of clinical application.

AIM To study the chemical constituents from ethyl acetate fraction of Balanophora harlandii Hook.f.and their tyrosinase inhibitory activity.METHODS Separation and purification were performed using silica gel,MCI,ODS,Sephadex LH-20 and semi-preparative HPLC,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.The monophenolase inhibitory activity was determined by the tyrosinase-catalyzed oxidation of L-tyrosine.RESULTS Twenty-four compounds were isolated and identified as sesamin(1),methyl caffeate(2),quercetin(3),5,7-dihydroxychromanone(4),methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate(5),esculetin(6),kaempferol(7),naringenin(8),pyrogallic acid(9),pinosylvin(10),methyl propionate(11),caffeic acid(12),saccharinol(13),ferulic acid(14),trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid(15),cinnamic acid(16),vanillic acid(17),vanillin(18),4-hydroxyacetophenone(19),4-hydroxybenzaldehyde(20),apigenin(21),(-)-isolariciresinol(22),(-)-secoisolariciresinol(23)and meso-2,3-di(3′,4′-methylenedioxybenzyl)butane-1,4-diol(24).The IC50 values of compounds 3,5,7,8,19,and 20 ranged from(0.246 5±0.028 3)to(1.278 2±0.021 3)mmol/L.CONCLUSION Compounds 1-9、11、15、17-21、24 are isolated from this plant for the first time,and 1,6,9,17-19,24 are first isolated from genus Balanophora.Compounds 3、5、7、8、19 and 20 have tyrosinase inhibitory activity.

AIM To study the chemical constituents from salt-processed Litchi Semen and their antioxidant activities.METHODS The 85％ethanol extract from salt-processed Litchi Semen was isolated and purified by silica gel,Sephadex LH-20,MCI,ODS and semi-preparative HPLC,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.DPPH and ABTS+free radical scavenging method were used to evaluate their antioxidant activities.RESULTS Fifteen compounds were isolated and identified as dehydrocostuslactone(1),ananosmoside A(2),funingensin A(3),(2S)-pinocembrin-7-O-(6-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside)(4),liquiritienin(5),quercetin(6),rutin(7),isorhamnetin-3-O-β-rutinoside(8),procyanidin A2(9),procyanidin A1(10),ethyl protocatechuate(11),5-hydroxymethylfurfural(12),di(2-ethyl-hexyl)phthalate(13),nicotinamide(14),(10E,15Z)-9,12,13-trihydroxyoctadeca-10,15-dienoic acid(15).Compounds 6-7,9-10 exhibited scavenging activities against DPPH radicals with IC50 values of(12.929±1.232),(14.104±0.946),(10.417±1.736),(6.944±0.030)μmol/L,respectively.Compounds 6-10 exhibited scavenging activities against ABTS+radicals with IC50 values of(21.952±0.577),(25.683±0.625),(22.970±1.336),(20.210±1.435),(18.725±0.324)μmol/L,respectively.CONCLUSION Compounds 1,5,14-15 are isolated from Litchi genus for the first time.Compounds 6-7,9-10 have strong in vitro antioxidant activities.

AIM To study the chemical constituents from salt-processed Litchi Semen and their antioxidant activities.METHODS The 85％ethanol extract from salt-processed Litchi Semen was isolated and purified by silica gel,Sephadex LH-20,MCI,ODS and semi-preparative HPLC,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.DPPH and ABTS+free radical scavenging method were used to evaluate their antioxidant activities.RESULTS Fifteen compounds were isolated and identified as dehydrocostuslactone(1),ananosmoside A(2),funingensin A(3),(2S)-pinocembrin-7-O-(6-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside)(4),liquiritienin(5),quercetin(6),rutin(7),isorhamnetin-3-O-β-rutinoside(8),procyanidin A2(9),procyanidin A1(10),ethyl protocatechuate(11),5-hydroxymethylfurfural(12),di(2-ethyl-hexyl)phthalate(13),nicotinamide(14),(10E,15Z)-9,12,13-trihydroxyoctadeca-10,15-dienoic acid(15).Compounds 6-7,9-10 exhibited scavenging activities against DPPH radicals with IC50 values of(12.929±1.232),(14.104±0.946),(10.417±1.736),(6.944±0.030)μmol/L,respectively.Compounds 6-10 exhibited scavenging activities against ABTS+radicals with IC50 values of(21.952±0.577),(25.683±0.625),(22.970±1.336),(20.210±1.435),(18.725±0.324)μmol/L,respectively.CONCLUSION Compounds 1,5,14-15 are isolated from Litchi genus for the first time.Compounds 6-7,9-10 have strong in vitro antioxidant activities.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor(sCD25)and insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)and the immunophenotype and therapeutic efficacy of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma(MM)patients.Methods:125 newly diagnosed MM patients(MM group)who received treatment at Tianmen First People's Hospital from January 2023 to June 2024 were selected,and another 70 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations at our hospital during the same period were selected(control group).The serum sCD25 and IGF-Ⅰ levels in newly diagnosed MM patients of different stages were compared,and newly diagnosed MM patients were divide into remission group(76 cases)and non remission group(49 cases)based on treatment efficacy,the serum sCD25 and IGF-Ⅰ levels between the remission group and non remission group were compared.The patients were divided into high sCD25 group and low sCD25 group,high IGF-Ⅰ group and low IGF-Ⅰgroup according to the median levels of serum sCD25 and IGF-Ⅰ,the immunophenotypic differences between high sCD25 group and low sCD25 group,as well as high IGF-Ⅰ group and low IGF-Ⅰ group were analyzed.Serum sCD25 and IGF-Ⅰ for evaluating the efficacy of newly diagnosed MM patients were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Factors affecting the therapeutic effect of newly diagnosed MM patients were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results:Serum sCD25 and IGF-Ⅰ levels in the control group were significantly lower than those in the MM group(P＜0.05).There was a statistically significant difference in serum sCD25 and IGF-Ⅰ levels among newly diagnosed MM patients at different stages(P＜0.05).Serum sCD25 and IGF-Ⅰ levels in stage Ⅲ newly diagnosed MM patients were significantly higher than those in stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ(P＜0.05),And stage Ⅱ was higher than that in stage Ⅰ(P＜0.05).The positive expression rate of CD56 in the high sCD25 group was higher than that in the low sCD25 group,there was no significant difference in the positive expression rates of CD117 and CD200 between the two groups(P＞0.05).The positive expression rates of CD56 and CD117 in the high IGF-Ⅰ group were higher than those in the low IGF-Ⅰ group(P＜0.05),and there was no significant difference in the positive expression rate of CD200 between the two groups(P＞0.05).Serum sCD25 and IGF-Ⅰ levels in the remission group were significantly lower than those in the non remission group(P＜0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that,the area under the curve(AUC)for evaluating the efficacy of newly diagnosed MM patients using serum sCD25 and IGF-Ⅰ detection alone and in combination were 0.748,0.775 and 0.832,respectively,and the AUC for combined detection was greater than that for each indicator detected separately.The results of multivariate Logistic regression model showed that elevated serum sCD25 level,elevated serum IGF-Ⅰ level and MM stage Ⅲ were independent risk factors affecting the efficacy of newly diagnosed MM patients(P＜0.05).Conclusion:Serum sCD25 and IGF-Ⅰ levels are closely related to the disease stage and therapeutic efficacy of newly diagnosed MM patients.Combined detection has a high evaluation value for efficacy and can be used as an important evaluation index affecting efficacy.

Objective:To explore the diagnostic value of total bilirubin to albumin ratio(B/A ratio)combined with alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)and abnormal prothrombin induced by vitamin K absence-Ⅱ(PIVKA-Ⅱ)for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods:35 HCC patients(HCC group),35 cirrhosis patients(cirrhosis group),35 HCC patients post-transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE)(TACE postoperative group),and 35 healthy volunteers(healthy control group)were selected in our hospital from October 2023 to October 2024.The serum B/A ratio,AFP,and PIVKA-Ⅱ levles were measured and compared across the groups.The correlations between serum B/A ratio,AFP,and PIVKA-Ⅱ in the HCC group were analyzed.The B/A ratio,AFP,PIVKA-Ⅱ were compared across different clinical and pathological features in HCC patients.The serum B/A ratio,AFP,and PIVKA-Ⅱ levels were compared pre and post operation in the HCC group.The diagnostic value of B/A ratio,AFP,PIVKA-Ⅱ alone and in combination for HCC were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.Results:The serum B/A ratio,AFP,and PIVKA-Ⅱ levels in HCC group and TACE postoperative group were significantly higher than those in the cirrhosis group and healthy control group,and the HCC group was higher than that in the TACE postoperative group(P＜0.05).Pearson correlation analysis results showed that,B/A ratio in the HCC group was positively correlated with AFP(r=0.352,P=0.001),B/A ratio was positively correlated with PIVKA-Ⅱ(r=0.327,P=0.003),and AFP was positively correlated with PIVKA-Ⅱ(r=0.285,P=0.008).Higher TNM stage,larger tumor diameter,presence of vascular invasion,and lower differentiation degree of HCC patients,who had higher B/A ratio,AFP,and PIVKA-Ⅱ levels(P＜0.05).Serum B/A ratio,AFP,and PIVKA-Ⅱ levels in the HCC group post operation were significantly lower than those in pre operation(P＜0.05).ROC curve analysis results showed that,when B/A ratio,AFP,and PIVKA-Ⅱ were detected separately,the area under the curve(AUC)was 0.785,0.756,and 0.802,respectively.The AUC for joint detection was 0.925.The AUC in combination was greater than that of individual detection of each indicator.Conclusion:The combination of B/A ratio,AFP,and PIVKA-Ⅱ testing significantly improves the diagnostic efficiency for HCC,which is worthy of clinical application.

AIM To study the chemical constituents from Citri reticulatae Pericarpium Viride and their anti-triple negative breast cancer activities in vitro.METHODS The ethanolic extract of Citri reticulatae Pericarpium Viride was isolated and purified by silica gel,polyamide,MCI,Sephadex LH-20 and semi-preparative HPLC,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.The anti-triple negative breast cancer activities were screened by SRB assay,and their effects on the proliferation of triple negative breast cancer cell lines HCC1806,HCC1937 and MDA-MB-231 in vitro were evaluated.RESULTS Twenty compounds were isolated and identified as nobiletin(1),tangeritin(2),5,4'-dihydroxy-7,8-dimethoxy flavonoid(3),naringenin(4),artemetin(5),5-demethynobiletin(6),3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-pentamethoxy flavonoid(7),5,4'-dihydroxy-3,6,7,8,3'-pentamethoxyflavone(8),xanthomicrol(9),p-hydroxycinnamic acid(10),5,4'-dihydroxy-6,7,8,3'-tetramethoxyflavone(11),pectolinarigenin(12),4'-dihydroxy-5,6,7-tetramethoxyflavone(13),hispidulin(14),4',5,6,7-tetramethoxy-flavone(15),1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohexane-1,2-diol(16),umbelliferone(17),5-hydroxymethyl furfural(18),hydroquinone(19),1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde(20).Compound 8 showed a significant inhibitory effect with the IC50 value of(5.36±0.24)μmol/L on HCC1806 cells.CONCLUSION Compound 20 is isolated from genus Citrus for the first time,8,12-13,16-17 are isolated from this plant for the first time.Compound 8 show inhibitory effects on the proliferation of HCC1806,HCC1937 and MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro and have the strongest activities.Compounds 3-4,11-12,15,17 and 19 show strong inhibitory effect on HCC1806 cells.Compounds 15,19 also inhibit the proliferation of HCC1937 cells in vitro.

Based on the high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia rat model, this study aimed to evaluate the lipid-lowering effect of Arisaema Cum Bile and explore its mechanisms, providing experimental evidence for its clinical application. Biochemical analysis was used to detect serum levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), triglycerides(TG), and total cholesterol(TC) to assess the lipid-lowering activity of Arisaema Cum Bile. Additionally, 16S rDNA sequencing and metabolomics techniques were employed to jointly elucidate the lipid-lowering mechanisms of Arisaema Cum Bile. The experimental results showed that high-dose Arisaema Cum Bile(PBA-H) significantly reduced serum ALT, AST, LDL-C, TG, and TC levels(P<0.01), and significantly increased HDL-C levels(P<0.01). The effect was similar to that of fenofibrate, with no significant difference. Furthermore, Arisaema Cum Bile significantly alleviated hepatocyte ballooning and mitigated fatty degeneration in liver tissues. As indicated by 16S rDNA sequencing results, PBA-H significantly enhanced both alpha and beta diversity of the gut microbiota in the model rats, notably increasing the relative abundance of Akkermansia and Subdoligranulum species(P<0.01). Liver metabolomics analysis revealed that PBA-H primarily regulated pathways involved in arachidonic acid metabolism, vitamin B_6 metabolism, and steroid biosynthesis. In summary, Arisaema Cum Bile significantly improved abnormal blood lipid levels and liver pathology induced by a high-fat diet, regulated hepatic metabolic disorders, and improved the abundance and structural composition of gut microbiota, thereby exerting its lipid-lowering effect. The findings of this study provide experimental evidence for the clinical application of Arisaema Cum Bile and the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
Animals ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects* ; Rats ; Male ; Metabolomics ; Hyperlipidemias/microbiology* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Hypolipidemic Agents/pharmacology* ; Liver/metabolism* ; Humans ; Alanine Transaminase/metabolism* ; Triglycerides/metabolism* ; Aspartate Aminotransferases/metabolism*