AIM To study the chemical constituents from salt-processed Litchi Semen and their antioxidant activities.METHODS The 85％ethanol extract from salt-processed Litchi Semen was isolated and purified by silica gel,Sephadex LH-20,MCI,ODS and semi-preparative HPLC,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.DPPH and ABTS+free radical scavenging method were used to evaluate their antioxidant activities.RESULTS Fifteen compounds were isolated and identified as dehydrocostuslactone(1),ananosmoside A(2),funingensin A(3),(2S)-pinocembrin-7-O-(6-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside)(4),liquiritienin(5),quercetin(6),rutin(7),isorhamnetin-3-O-β-rutinoside(8),procyanidin A2(9),procyanidin A1(10),ethyl protocatechuate(11),5-hydroxymethylfurfural(12),di(2-ethyl-hexyl)phthalate(13),nicotinamide(14),(10E,15Z)-9,12,13-trihydroxyoctadeca-10,15-dienoic acid(15).Compounds 6-7,9-10 exhibited scavenging activities against DPPH radicals with IC50 values of(12.929±1.232),(14.104±0.946),(10.417±1.736),(6.944±0.030)μmol/L,respectively.Compounds 6-10 exhibited scavenging activities against ABTS+radicals with IC50 values of(21.952±0.577),(25.683±0.625),(22.970±1.336),(20.210±1.435),(18.725±0.324)μmol/L,respectively.CONCLUSION Compounds 1,5,14-15 are isolated from Litchi genus for the first time.Compounds 6-7,9-10 have strong in vitro antioxidant activities.

Objective To investigate the effect and potential mechanism of rat mesenchymal stem cells(MSC)on D-galactose-induced brain-tissue aging.Methods A rat brain-aging model was established by injecting D-galactose,and rats in the treatment group received MSC injections via the tail vein.Superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity and malondialdehyde(MDA)levels were assessed in rat brain tissue at the end of the experiment,and pathological changes in brain tissue were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.Expression levels of the inflammatory factors interleukin(IL)-1 and IL-6,the pathway proteins brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)-tropomyosin receptor kinase B(TrkB),the negative growth regulators p53 and p16,as well as vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)were observed by polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and Western Blot.Results Brain levels of SOD activity were significantly increased and MDA levels were significantly decreased in rats in the modle group compared with the treatment group(P＜0.05).The pathological state of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus were improved and the number of neurons and nucleus pulposus ratio in the brain were increased in the treatment group,as shown by HE staining.Expression levels of IL-1,IL-6,p53,and p16 were significantly decreased,while BDNF,TrkB,VEGF,and bFGF were significantly increased in the treatment group compared with the model group,as shown by PCR and Western Blot(P＜0.05).Conclusions These result suggest that MSCs potentially mitigate D-galactose-induced cerebral senescence by concurrently modulating the BDNF-TrkB axis to attenuate oxidative/inflammatory damage,while enhancing the secretion of vasculotrophic(VEGF)and neurotrophic(bFGF)factors for neuronal maintenance.

Objective To design an individually portable oral treatment device to solve the problems of oral diagnosis and treatment under field conditions in alpine regions.Methods The individually portable oral treatment device had a trolley box structure and consisted of an outer box,an inner framework and an operation panel.The outer box was made of low-density polyethylene material and formed by by one-time rotational moulding process;the inner framework integrated a plateau com-pressor,an independent negative-pressure compressor,an integrated control system for programmable logic controller(PLC),an individually portable respiratory synchronized pulsed oxygen supply module for plateau application;there were several curative devices equipped in the operation panel,including a 3-way syringe,a high-speed turbine handpiece,an electric variable-speed handpiece,a water control switch,a light curing machine and an ultrasonic dental cleaning handpiece.Trials were carried out with the test-phase prototype in alpine regions so as to verify the performance of the device.Results Trials proved that the prototype gained advantages in mobility,multifunctionality and pressure supply facilitating continuous operation of power gas source for oral diagnosis and treatment in alpine regions.Conclusion The device developed solves the problems in pressure insufficiency and instability,control system integration,portability and oxygen supply for medical staffs,improves the mobility of oral diagnosis and treatment in alpine regions and enhances the oral support service and equipment effectively.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(1):108-113]

Objective:To construct a key item checklist for the Mini-HTA report specification,providing scientific guidance for drafting each section of Mini-HTA research reports,enhancing their standardization,scientific rigor,and completeness,thereby improving the efficiency and quality of health decision-making.Methods:Based on preliminary literature review and qualitative systematic review,a pool of problem items for the Mini-HTA report specification was formed.Delphi questionnaires were distributed,and the Delphi technique was employed through two rounds of expert consultation to optimize and select key items.Results:Through two rounds of Delphi expert consultation,the initial Mini-HTA report specification item checklist was screened,integrated,and supplemented.A finalized key item checklist was constructed,comprising 8 first-level items(Title,Abstract,Introduction,Methods,Results,Discussion,Conclusion,and Other Relevant Information)and 48 second-level items.Conclusion:The constructed key item checklist for the Mini-HTA report specification provides scientific guidance for drafting Mini-HTA research reports.It helps enhance the standardization and transparency of the assessment process and the reliability of results,thereby optimizing the efficiency and quality of health decision-making.

Objective:To construct a key item checklist for the Mini-HTA report specification,providing scientific guidance for drafting each section of Mini-HTA research reports,enhancing their standardization,scientific rigor,and completeness,thereby improving the efficiency and quality of health decision-making.Methods:Based on preliminary literature review and qualitative systematic review,a pool of problem items for the Mini-HTA report specification was formed.Delphi questionnaires were distributed,and the Delphi technique was employed through two rounds of expert consultation to optimize and select key items.Results:Through two rounds of Delphi expert consultation,the initial Mini-HTA report specification item checklist was screened,integrated,and supplemented.A finalized key item checklist was constructed,comprising 8 first-level items(Title,Abstract,Introduction,Methods,Results,Discussion,Conclusion,and Other Relevant Information)and 48 second-level items.Conclusion:The constructed key item checklist for the Mini-HTA report specification provides scientific guidance for drafting Mini-HTA research reports.It helps enhance the standardization and transparency of the assessment process and the reliability of results,thereby optimizing the efficiency and quality of health decision-making.

Objective Magnetic resonance angiography(MRA)offers a non-invasive and radiation-free advantage in detecting and diagnosing intracranial artery stenosis;however,it is associated with high equipment costs.Transcranial color-coded Duplex ultrasound(TCCD)combined with contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)presents advantages such as non-invasiveness,real-time dynamic monitoring,and low cost.Nevertheless,there were no reports comparing the sensitivity,specificity,diagnostic agreement with MRA,or health economic evaluation of TCCD combined with CEUS for detecting major intracranial artery stenosis.Methods From April 2023 to August 2024,a total of 55 patients suspected of having intracranial artery stenosis or occlusion were recruited at Beijing Tiantan Hospital,Capital Medical University.Both TCCD combined with CEUS and MRA were performed to evaluate the degree of stenosis in the terminal segment of the internal carotid artery,M1 and M2 segments of the middle cerebral artery,A1 and A2 segments of the anterior cerebral artery,P1 and P2 segments of the posterior cerebral artery,and the V4 segment of the vertebral artery.Intracranial artery stenosis was categorized into three groups:normal/mild,moderate,and severe/occlusion.Sensitivity,specificity,and consistency between the two methods were calculated.The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the differences in examination costs and diagnostic time.Results Fifty-five high-risk patients(110 cerebral hemispheres in total)with suspected cerebrovascular stenosis were included(median age:46 years;69.0%male).TCCD combined with CEUS and MRA were performed simultaneously.TCCD combined with CEUS showed high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing intracranial artery stenosis,with good consistency compared to MRA.The highest diagnostic consistency was observed in the M2 segment(Kappa=0.704)and A2 segment(Kappa=0.650),while the M1 segment showed moderate consistency(Kappa=0.569).The average cost of TCCD combined with CEUS was 240 CNY with a diagnostic duration of 21 min,compared to 722 CNY and 287 min for MRA(P<0.001,effect sizer=0.89-0.91).Conclusion Compared to MRA,TCCD combined with CEUS demonstrates higher consistency in screening for stenosis in the M2 segment of the middle cerebral artery and the A2 segment of the anterior cerebral artery.It is also more cost-effective.However,MRA has advantages in assessing deep intracranial vessels.A synergistic use of both methods can optimize the allocation of diagnostic resources for intracranial artery stenosis.It is recommended that primary healthcare institutions adopt TCCD as the initial screening tool,and,with standardized training and technical upgrades,combine it with CEUS.Complex cases should be referred for detailed evaluation by using MRA.

Cancer is the main cause of death,and drug therapy has greatly improved the effectiveness of anti-tumor treatment.However,there are problems such as high adverse reactions and the risk of developing drug resistance after long-term use.There is an urgent need to seek new drug targets.Human antigen R(HuR),as an RNA binding protein,promotes the whole process of tumor occurrence,development and metastasis through post transcriptional regulation of mRNA stability,and HuR is general-ly highly expressed in tumor tissue,making it a new target for an-ti-tumor therapy and a standard for prognosis evaluation.Tradi-tional Chinese medicine formulas and their various chemical components can inhibit tumor proliferation,induce tumor cell ap-optosis,inhibit angiogenesis,suppress immune escape,and re-verse tumor drug resistance by regulating HuR activity.This re-view summarizes the importance of HuR in regulation of tumor progression,as well as analyzes the mechanisms of the antitumor effects through active ingredients of Chinese medicine with the regulation of HuR.It is expected to provide new ideas for tumor therapy and guidance for the development of HuR-targeted anti-tumor drugs.

Objective To design a VR-based air evacuation training system for simulating the on-board medical treatment process during air evacuation.Methods A VR-based air evacuation training system was developed which used 3D modeling technology to construct models of the medical aircraft cabin,medical devices and virtual characters to achieve scene interaction.The hardware part of the system included server computers,training terminal computers,VR equipment,3D fusion projection equipment,motion capture equipment,etc.The software of the system was developed using C++,UE4 Blueprint and C# programming languages,including two modules for medical treatment unit and medical treatment training process evaluation.The efficacy of the system was verified by the trials in air evacuation.Results The system developed successfully simulated the scenarios of tracheal tube dislodgement and increased intracranial pressure in the scenario model of open severe craniocerebral injury.The expert evaluation showed that the system gained advantages in training efficiency,low cost,safety,sense of immersion and recorded the operation data in real time to optimize the follow-up training.Conclusion The system developed delivers a virtual training environment with high-fidelity replication of real-mission conditions,enabling whole-course and immersive air evacuation drills.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(3):15-20]

Objective:To identify the risk factors for postoperative sleep disturbance (PSD) in patients undergoing spine surgery.Methods:In this case-control study, patients who underwent spine surgery from December 2023 to June 2024 at Beijing Tiantan Hospital of Capital Medical University, were selected as the subjects of the study. The quality of postoperative sleep was assessed using the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS). The baseline characteristics and various perioperative indicators of the patients were collected. The patients were divided into PSD group and non-PSD group according to whether they had PSD. The variables with statistically significant differences from the univariate analysis were included in a multivariate logistic regression to identify the risk factors for PSD.Results:The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative sleep disturbance (odds ratio [ OR]=2.23, 95% confidence interval [ CI] 1.06-4.72, P=0.036), course of disease > 12 months ( OR=2.20, 95% CI 1.14-4.24, P=0.019) and AIS score > 2 on the night before surgery ( OR=2.06, 95% CI 1.02-4.16, P=0.045) were the independent risk factors for PSD in patients undergoing spine surgery. Conclusions:Preoperative sleep disturbance, course of disease > 12 months and AIS score > 2 on the night before surgery are independent risk factors for PSD in patients undergoing spine surgery.

Objective: To assess the effect of transarterial embolization (TAE) for adhesive capsulitis (AC) by evaluating clinical outcomes and changes in inflammation using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Materials and Methods: Patients who had undergone TAE between August 2020 and August 2023 for AC refractory to conservative treatments without any invasive procedures for more than 3 months, and had undergone baseline and 3-month post-AC follow-up contrast-enhanced MRI evaluations, were included. A suspension mixture of 500 mg imipenem/cilastatin in 10 mL of iodinated contrast agent was used for TAE. MRI results were analyzed to assess periarticular capsule/ligament inflammation. Clinical assessments included pain scores using the numeric rating scale (NRS) and functional scores using the quick disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (Quick DASH) questionnaire. Results: Twenty-five patients (female:male, 14:11; age, 54.9 ± 7.1 years) were included. Significant reductions in average NRS pain scores as well as improvements in Quick DASH scores and range of motion, including anterior flexion and abduction, were observed at 1, 3, and 6 months after TAE (all P < 0.001). MRI analyses revealed that TAE significantly decreased the grades of axillary recess capsule enhancement, rotator interval (RI) capsule T2 signal intensity, and RI capsule enhancement (all P ≤ 0.004). Conclusion TAE may be an effective and safe therapeutic approach for AC refractory to conservative treatments, alleviating pain and supporting functional recovery. The observed MRI findings suggest that the effectiveness of TAE for AC may be attributed to the reduction of inflammation and the elimination of angiogenesis.