OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism of Huayu jiedu formula in regulating inflammatory injury in chronic kidney disease （CKD）. METHODS Fifty male SD rats were randomly divided into a sham surgery group （10 rats） and a modeling group （40 rats）. The CKD model was replicated in the modeling group by unilateral ureteral obstruction surgery. After successful modeling， the rats were randomly divided into model group， esaxerenone group （positive control）， and TCM low- and high-dose groups， with 10 rats in each group. The Esaxerenone group was given 1 mg/kg of esaxerenone， while the TCM low- and high-dose groups were given 13.7 and 27.4 g/kg of Huayu jiedu formula respectively， the sham surgery group and model group were given an equal volume of physiological saline， all groups were intervened continuously for 14 days. Hematoxylin eosin and Masson staining were used to observe the pathological changes in rat kidney tissue. Conventional biochemical methods were used to detect serum urea （SUr）， serum creatinine （SCr）， malondialdehyde （MDA）， and superoxide dismutase （SOD） levels； enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the levels of serum interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， IL-6， and tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）； immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to detect the protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α（PGC-1α） ， mitochondrial transcription factor A （TFAM）， absent in melanoma 2（AIM2）， caspase-1， gasdermin D （GSDMD）， IL-1β and IL-18 in renal tissue； real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of AIM2. RESULTS Compared with the sham surgery group， the renal tissue of the model group showed pathological changes such as glomerular deformation and destruction， severe tubular dilation， and increased deposition of blue fibrin； the levels of SUr， SCr， MDA， IL-1β， IL-6， TNF-α，the protein expression of AIM2， GSDMD， caspase-1， IL-1β， IL-18 ， and the mRNA expression of AIM2 were significantly increased or up-regulated （P＜0.01）； the levels of SOD， the protein expression of PGC-1α， TFAM were significantly reduced or down-regulated （P＜0.01）. Compared with the model group， all treatment groups showed improvement in the above symptoms and most indicators in rats. CONCLUSIONS Huayu jiedu formula may improve renal function， alleviate renal inflammatory damage and pyroptosis， and exert renal protective effects by regulating the AIM2 pyroptosis pathway.

Objective To explore the impactof Lysosome-Associated Membrane Protein 3(LAMP3)on theproliferation,migration and angiogenesis of PC-3 cells.Methods LAMP3 expression in normal prostate epithelial cells and prostate cancer bone metastasis cells was detected using western blot and RT-PCR.Stable LAMP3-silenced PC-3 cells were constructed,and the effects of LAMP3 on proliferation,invasion,and migration of PC-3 cells were assessed using CCK8,scratch assay,and transwell assay,respectively.ELISA and angiogenesis assays were employed to examine the expression of VEGF and MMP9,as well as angiogenesis of HUVEC cells induced by PC-3 cells.Finally,WB and RT-PCR were used to detect the expression of VEGF,AKT/p-AKT.Results Our findings showed that the expression level of LAMP3 was significantly higherin prostate cellsthan in normal prostate epithelial cells,especially in PC-3 cells(P<0.05).We also found that silencing LAMP3 could inhibit the proliferation,migration and invasion of PC-3 cells,along with the expression of VEGF and MMP9 and the PC-3 cells-induced angiogenesis,and these results were statistically significant(P<0.05).Furthermore,LAMP3 downregulated the expression of VEGF and AKT/p-AKT in PC-3 cells.Conclusion LAMP3 can affect the proliferation,migrationand angiogenesis of PC-3 cells through the regulation of VEGF/AKT pathway.Thus,LAMP3 might be a potential thera-peutic target for prostate cancer bone metastasis.

Lung is the breathing organ of the human body. The respiration of the lung enables the body to exchange oxygen with the outside world to maintain the body's life activities. The physiological properties of the lungs expose the mucosal surfaces of the lungs to harmful external irritants, including pathogens, allergens, harmful gases and smoke particles, which can lead to lung injury and infection. Induced by lung inflammation, immune cells (B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes) in the lungs gather around the bronchi, forming induced bronchial associated lymphoid tissue (iBALT). Studies have found that iBALT is involved in the pathological development of asthma, COPD, lung cancer and other lung diseases. iBALT is regulated by a variety of cytokines, but the formation process and its effect on disease remain unclear. The purpose of this paper is to review the formation factors of iBALT and its pathological status in lung, and to provide new treatment ideas for chronic pulmonary inflammatory diseases.

The precise resection and suture of bronchia, vascular and pulmonary tissue are the key techniques in thoracic surgery. Mechanical suture technique has gradually become a routine operation in thoracic surgery. However, at present, there is still a lack of consensus and guidelines on the application of this technique in thoracic surgery, neither strong evidence-based medical support. In this study, we discuss the application standard of mechanical suture technique in thoracoscopic surgery, irregular treatment techniques, intraoperative complications, and management principles to promote the standardized application of mechanical suture technique. We also explain the shortcomings of the technique in order to promote the further improvement and perfection.

With the development of thin section axial computed tomography scan, the detection rate of pulmonary ground-glass nodules (GGN) continues increasing. GGN has a special natural growth history: pure ground-glass nodules (PGGN) smaller than 10 mm can hold steady for a long term, surgery resection is unnecessary, patients need regular follow up. Larger part solid ground-glass nodules (PSN) with a solid component can be malignant early stage lung cancer, which requires early surgery intervention. Establishment of a standard definition of GGN growth, investments in the long term natural growth history of GGN, validation of the clinical, radiology and genetic risk factors would be beneficial for the management of GGN patients.

Objective To explore the characteristics of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) of lumbar sacral nerve roots (LSNR)in normal and degenerative lumbosacral vertebrae. Methods The research recruited 20 normal volunteers and 31 patients with spinal stenosis on conventional MRI and DWI scans in lumbosacral spine. We measured the areas from lumbar 3 to sacral 1 at the intervertebral spaces and reconstructed the 3D maximum intensity projection (MIP) and counted the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)of LSNR and ganglions. Results In the control group, 196 (98%) LSNR ran symmetrically and lateroinferiorly and 200 ganglions were well defined on MIP of DWI. In the patients group, 74 LSNR showed changes of compression on both T1WI and T2WI, in which DWI appeared thin and distorted in 59 (80%). The ADC value of LSNR were(1.70 ± 0.40)× 10-3 mm2/s and(1.98 ± 0.57) × 10-3 mm2/s separately in normal volunteers and patients (P=0.000), while the ADC values of ganglions were(1.42 ± 0.21)× 10-3 mm2/s and (1.54 ± 0.53)× 10-3 mm2/s respectively in normal volunteers and patients (P=0.000). Conclusion DWI can display the pattern and course of LSNR and ganglions, which indicate that ADC values of compressed LSNR and ganglions are higher than normal ones.

Objective: To observe the influence of different tocopherol isoforms on oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) or recombinant human C reactive protein (rhCRP) induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM 1) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and to investigate the potential mechanisms and effects of different tocopherols on atherosclerosis. Methods: Cultured HUVECs were incubated with oxLDL,oxLDL+? tocopherol,oxLDL+? tocopherol,oxLDL+mixed tocopherols,rhCRP,rhCRP+? tocopherol,rhCRP+? tocopherol, rhCRP+mixed tocopherols for 24 hours, respectively. The ICAM 1 expressions of protein and mRNA were detected by cell enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), flow cytometric technique and RT-PCR. Results : Incubation of HUVECs with oxLDL or rhCRP for 24 hours significantly increased ICAM 1 expressions of proteins and mRNA . The different tocopherols inhibited oxLDL induced ICAM 1 expression in HUVECs in a concentration dependent manner(50-200 ?mol/L) and mixed tocopherols were more potent than ? tocopherol or ? tocopherol alone. However, rhCRP induced ICAM 1 expression in HUVECs was not inhibited by tocopherols. Conclusion :The different tocopherols inhibited oxLDL induced ICAM 1 expression in HUVECs and mixed tocopherols were more potent than ? tocopherol or ? tocopherol alone, which may be important for the beneficial effects of tocopherols on atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.