Abstract Digital health interventions (DHIs) align with adolescents digital media usage habits and hold unique potential in addressing overweight and obesity, physical inactivity (PA), and psychological health problems. In response to the need to "move the gateway of prevention and treatment forward" in health risk management, the review introduces the capability-opportunity-motivation-behaviour (COM-B) model to systematically review the application progress of DHIs in PA, weight control, sleep, mental health, and chronic disease management. Based on the COM-B model, it further elucidates the mechanisms of behavioral capability, external opportunities, and behavioral motivation in the intervention process. Finally, it proposes future directions, including shifting from technology feature stacking to behavior change logic driven design, building a family-school-technology ecological synergy system, and implementing tiered interventions according to behavioral stages, aiming to provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for DHIs to empower adolescents to develop proactive health behaviors.