Microplastics and nanoplastics (MPs/NPs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants that act as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), raising significant concerns about their impact on human health. Research highlights the hazardous effects of MPs/NPs on both male and female reproductive systems, influencing germ cells, embryo development, and progeny. Additionally, studies show that MPs/NPs affect the gene expression of anabolic steroid hormones in vitro and in vivo, inducing reproductive toxicity through mechanisms such as oxidative stress and inflammation. Considering these adverse effects, identifying natural compounds that can mitigate the toxicity of MPs/NPs is increasingly important. Plants offer a wealth of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds that can counteract these harmful effects. Among these, anthocyanins, natural colorants responsible for the vibrant hues of fruits and flowers, exhibit a wide range of biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-neoplastic properties. Moreover, anthocyanins can modulate sex hormone levels and alleviate reproductive toxicity. Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), one of the most extensively studied anthocyanins, shows promise in reducing reproductive toxicity, particularly in females, and in protecting male reproductive organs, including the testis and epididymis. This protective effect is believed to result from its interaction with steroid receptors, specifically the androgen and estrogen receptors (ERs). These findings highlight the need to explore the mechanisms by which anthocyanins mitigate the reproductive toxicity caused by MPs/NPs. This review provides novel insights into how natural compounds can be leveraged to lessen the impact of environmental contaminants on human health, especially concerning reproductive health.

Glucose oxidase (GOD) is an oxygen-consuming dehydrogenase that can catalyze the production of gluconic acid hydrogen peroxide from glucose, and its specific mechanism of action makes it promising for applications, while the low catalytic activity and poor thermostability have become the main factors limiting the industrial application of this enzyme. In this study, we used the glucose oxidase AtGOD reported with the best thermostability as the source sequence for phylogenetic analysis to obtain the GOD with excellent performance. Six genes were screened and successfully synthesized for functional validation. Among them, the glucose oxidase AhGODB derived from Aspergillus heteromorphus was expressed in Pichia pastoris and showed better thermostability and catalytic activity, with an optimal temperature of 40 ℃, a specific activity of 112.2 U/mg, and a relative activity of 47% after 5 min of treatment at 70 ℃. To improve its activity and thermal stability, we constructed several mutants by directed evolution combined with rational design. Compared with the original enzyme, the mutant T72R/A153P showcased the optimum temperature increasing from 40 to 50 ℃, the specific activity increasing from 112.2 U/mg to 166.1 U/mg, and the relative activity after treatment at 70 ℃ for 30 min increasing from 0% to 33%. In conclusion, the glucose oxidase mutants obtained in this study have improved catalytic activity and thermostability, and have potential for application.
Glucose Oxidase/chemistry* ; Enzyme Stability ; Aspergillus/genetics* ; Pichia/metabolism* ; Temperature ; Catalysis ; Fungal Proteins/metabolism* ; Hot Temperature

A complete plant body consists of elements on different scales, including microscopic molecules, mesoscopic multicellular structures, and macroscopic tissues and organs, which are interconnected to form complex biological networks. The growth and development of plants involve the regulation of elements on different scales and their biological networks, which requires the coordinated operation of multiple molecules, cells, tissues, and organs. It is difficult to reveal the essence of multi-level life activities by a single method or technology. In recent years, the development of various novel imaging technologies has provided new approaches for revealing the complex life activities in plants. Using multi-modal imaging technologies to study the cross-scale network connections of plants from the microscopic, mesoscopic, and macroscopic levels is crucial for understanding the complex internal connections behind biological functions. This paper first summarizes multi-modal cross-scale imaging technologies, three-dimensional reconstruction, and image processing methods, outlines the basic framework of cross-scale network connection properties, and then summarizes the applications of multi-modal imaging technologies in elucidating plant multi-scale networks. Finally, this review systematically integrates the combined analysis of cross-scale 3D spatial structural data and single-cell omics, laying a theoretical foundation for the innovation of novel plant imaging technologies. Furthermore, it provides a new research paradigm for in-depth exploration of the interaction mechanisms among cross-scale elements and the principles of biological network connectivity in plant life activities.
Plants/metabolism* ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods* ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods* ; Multimodal Imaging/methods* ; Plant Physiological Phenomena

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an effective therapeutic strategy to delay aging in dogs, they are prone to aging and have poor genetic stability when cultured for a long time in vitro. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore a method to improve the anti-aging ability of MSCs. Previous studies have shown that sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) plays an important role in anti-aging. This study constructed MSCs with overexpressed SIRT6 gene. Through Giemsa staining and senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining, it was found that SIRT6 significantly enhances the anti-aging capacity of MSCs. Transmission electron microscopy imaging and the detection of oxidative stress-related indicators revealed that SIRT6 improves the anti-aging capacity of MSCs by maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and reducing oxidative stress levels. Transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that SIRT6 mainly acted on phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase and other aging and inflammation related pathways. In the establishment and verification of aging models in mice and dogs, it was found that the spatial memory ability of the model mice was significantly increased after intravenous transplantation of SIRT6 overexpression cells, the organ index was also significantly changed, and the anti-oxidative capacity of the dogs and mice blood was improved. The morphology of the spleens and livers in the SIRT6 overexpression cell treatment group could be effectively restored, and the expression levels of aging and inflammation-related proteins were significantly decreased. This study provides a new idea for the study of SIRT6-mediated anti-aging of MSCs.
Animals ; Dogs ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism* ; Sirtuins/genetics* ; Aging/physiology* ; Mice ; Oxidative Stress ; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation

To develop biocontrol agents for the control of kiwifruit bacterial canker, we isolated a strain CXG2-5 with inhibitory activity against Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), the pathogen of kiwifruit bacterial canker, from the rhizosphere soil of kiwifruit by the plate confrontation test. The strain was identified by morphological observation, physiological and biochemical tests, and molecular biological methods. The indoor control efficacy of the strain was determined by the inoculation of the strain into detached branches with wounds and into leaf discs by vacuum infiltration. The ability of the strain to expand and colonize leaf veins was determined by fluorescent labeling and scanning electron microscopy. Subsequently, the strain was prepared into microcapsules, the field control efficacy of which was evaluated. The strain CXG2-5 was identified as Pseudomonas benzenivorans. It demonstrated good antagonistic activity against Psa, with an inhibition zone diameter of 22 mm and an inhibition rate of 72.7%. The preventive effects of the strain on kiwifruit bacterial canker were better than the therapeutic effects on both detached branches and leaves, with the preventive effects reaching 65% and 92.4%, respectively. The control effect of microcapsules of this strain in the field reached 60.89%, which was slightly lower than that of 20% kasugamycin and higher than that of Bacillus subtilis wettable powder. In conclusion, strain CXG2-5 serves as a candidate for the control of kiwifruit bacterial canker, and the prepared microcapsules have good value for development and application.
Actinidia/microbiology* ; Plant Diseases/prevention & control* ; Pseudomonas syringae ; Pseudomonas/isolation & purification* ; Capsules ; Antibiosis ; Biological Control Agents ; Pest Control, Biological/methods*

Microplastics and nanoplastics(MPs/NPs)are ubiquitous environmental pollutants that act as endocrine-disrupting chemicals(EDCs),raising significant concerns about their impact on human health,Research highlights the hazardous effects of MPs/NPs on both male and female reproductive systems,influencing germ cells,embryo development,and progeny.Additionally,studies show that MPs/NPs affect the gene expression of anabolic steroid hormones in vitro and in vivo,inducing reproductive toxicity through mechanisms such as oxidative stress and inflammation,Considering these adverse effects,identifying natural compounds that can mitigate the toxicity of MPs/NPs is increasingly important.Plants offer a wealth of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds that can counteract these harmful effects.Among these,anthocyanins,natural colorants responsible for the vibrant hues of fruits and flowers,exhibit a wide range of biological activities,including antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and anti-neoplastic properties.Moreover,anthocyanins can modulate sex hormone levels and alleviate reproductive toxicity.Cyanidin-3-glucoside(C3G),one of the most extensively studied anthocyanins,shows promise in reducing reproductive toxicity,particularly in females,and in protecting male reproductive organs,including the testis and epididymis.This protective effect is believed to result from its interaction with steroid receptors,specifically the androgen and estrogen receptors(ERs).These findings highlight the need to explore the mechanisms by which anthocyanins mitigate the reproductive toxicity caused by MPs/NPs.This review provides novel insights into how natural compounds can be leveraged to lessen the impact of environmental contaminants on human health,especially concerning reproductive health.

BACKGROUND: The FAVOR (Comparison of Quantitative Flow Ratio Guided and Angiography Guided Percutaneous Intervention in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease) III China trial demonstrated that percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) lesion selection using quantitative flow ratio (QFR) measurement, a novel angiography-based approach for estimating fractional flow reserve, improved two-year clinical outcomes compared with standard angiography guidance. This study aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of QFR-guided PCI from the perspective of the current Chinese healthcare system. METHODS: This study is a pre-specified analysis of the FAVOR III China trial, which included 3825 patients randomized between December 25, 2018, and January 19, 2020, from 26 centers in China. Patients with stable or unstable angina pectoris or those ≥72 hours post-myocardial infarction who had at least one lesion with a diameter stenosis between 50% and 90% in a coronary artery with a ≥2.5 mm reference vessel diameter by visual assessment were randomized to a QFR-guided strategy or an angiography-guided strategy with 1:1 ratio. During the two-year follow-up, data were collected on clinical outcomes, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), estimated costs of index procedure hospitalization, outpatient cardiovascular medication use, and rehospitalization due to major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE). The primary analysis calculated the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) as the cost per MACCE avoided. An ICER of ¥10,000/MACCE event avoided was considered economically attractive in China. RESULTS: At two years, the QFR-guided group demonstrated a reduced rate of MACCE compared to the angiography-guided group (10.8% vs . 14.7%, P <0.01). Total two-year costs were similar between the groups (¥50,803 ± 21,121 vs . ¥50,685 ± 23,495, P = 0.87). The ICER for the QFR-guided strategy was ¥3055 per MACCE avoided, and the probability of QFR being economically attractive was 64% at a willingness-to-pay threshold of ¥10,000/MACCE avoided. Sensitivity analysis showed that QFR-guided PCI would become cost-saving if the cost of QFR were below ¥3682 (current cost: ¥3800). Cost-utility analysis yielded an ICER of ¥56,163 per QALY gained, with a 53% probability of being cost-effective at a willingness-to-pay threshold of ¥85,000 per QALY gained. CONCLUSION: In patients undergoing PCI, a QFR-guided strategy appears economically attractive compared to angiographic guidance from the perspective of the Chinese healthcare system. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT03656848.
Humans ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention/methods* ; Male ; Female ; Coronary Angiography/methods* ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Coronary Artery Disease/surgery* ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years ; Fractional Flow Reserve, Myocardial/physiology*

Nuclear receptor corepressor (NCoR1) interacts with various nuclear receptors and regulates the anabolism and catabolism of lipids. An imbalance in lipid/energy homeostasis is also an important factor in obesity and metabolic syndrome development. In this study, we found that the deletion of NCoR1 in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) mainly activated the nuclear receptor PPARα and attenuated metabolic syndrome by stimulating thermogenesis. The increase in brown adipose tissue thermogenesis was mediated by gut-derived tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate succinate, whose production was significantly enhanced by PPARα activation in the fed state. Additionally, NCoR1 deletion derepressed intestinal LXR, increased cholesterol excretion, and impaired duodenal lipid absorption by decreasing bile acid hydrophobicity, thereby reversing the possible negative effects of intestinal PPARα activation. Therefore, the simultaneous regulatory effect of intestinal NCoR1 on both lipid intake and energy expenditure strongly suggests that it is a promising target for developing metabolic syndrome treatment.

The transcription factors (TFs) in the NAC family are involved in regulating multiple biological processes, playing an important role in plant growth, development, and stress adaptation. Our previous studies have demonstrated that TaNAC14, a member of the NAC family in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), positively regulates root growth and development and enhances the drought tolerance of wheat seedlings. In this study, we analyzed the physicochemical properties and structure and verified the subcellular localization and transcriptional activation activity of TaNAC14. The prokaryotic expression vector pET21a-HMT-TaNAC14 was constructed and transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 CodonPlus (DE3)-RIPL. The conditions for inducing the expression of the recombinant protein HMT-TaNAC14 were optimized. The solubility of the recombinant protein was analyzed, and the protein was purified by affinity chromatography on a Ni-nitrilotriacetic acid column. The results indicated that TaNAC14 had a conserved domain of the NAM family. It was located in the nucleus and had transcriptional activation activity. The optimal conditions for expression of the recombinant protein in E. coli were induction with 0.2mmol/L IPTG for 4 h. The recombinant protein mainly existed in the soluble form, and the target protein was obtained after purification. This study lays a foundation for the identification of target genes regulated by TaNAC14.
Triticum/metabolism* ; Escherichia coli/metabolism* ; Plant Proteins/metabolism* ; Transcription Factors/metabolism* ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism* ; Genetic Vectors/genetics*

The fiber type transition of skeletal muscle is an intricate and essential physiological process in the body, significantly influencing both the function and metabolism of skeletal muscle. This phenomenon is not only affected by external environmental changes but also intricately regulated by internal physiological mechanisms. Therefore, exploring the physiological process of muscle fiber type transition holds considerable significance for the treatment of human neuromuscular disorders and the improvement of meat quality in livestock and poultry. It has been discovered that the cytokines secreted by skeletal muscle, i.e., myokines, play a role in the fiber type transition of skeletal muscle. Myokines mainly act on skeletal muscle in autocrine and paracrine forms to participate in signal transduction and regulate the fiber type transition of skeletal muscle. This paper reviews the functional differences among various muscle fiber types, expounds the effects and mechanisms of myokines in regulating the transition processes of these fiber types, and prospects the future research directions in this field. This review is expected to provide theoretical support for enhancing the meat quality of livestock and poultry and treating skeletal muscle-related diseases.
Humans ; Animals ; Cytokines/metabolism* ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism* ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism* ; Signal Transduction ; Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch/metabolism* ; Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch/metabolism* ; Myostatin/metabolism* ; Myokines