Objectives: ：This study aimed to investigate the effects of anxiety sensitivity and distress overtolerance onposttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), and examined the role of brooding and reflection as a mediator. Methods: ：A self-reported data of 216 psychiatric outpatients was analyzed using structural equation modeling. The questionnaires included are Korean Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3, Korean version of the Distress Overtolerance Scale, Korean-Ruminative Response Scale, and Impact of Event Scale-Revised Korean Version. Results: ：Anxiety sensitivity and distress overtolerance positively predicted PTSS. Also, the mediating effects of brooding in the relationship between anxiety sensitivity and PTSS, and distress overtolerance and PTSSwere significant. Conversely, reflection did not significantly mediate the relationships between anxiety sensitivi-ty or distress overtolerance, and PTSS. Conclusions ：The results drawn from this study highlighted the differential roles of brooding and reflectionin the mediating role. Findings suggest the important role of brooding as a mechanism mediating the relationship between anxiety sensitivity and PTSS, as well as distress overtolerance and PTSS.

BACKGROUND: Children with Down syndrome (DS) have a 10- to 20-fold increased risk of developing leukemia. However, in some patients, leukemia does not become apparent despite significant number of blast cells in the peripheral blood. This condition is called Transient myeloproliferative disorder (TMD), and is a disease entity unique to DS newborns and defined as the morphologic detection of blasts in DS less than three months of age. The present study investigated whether there was a difference between leukemia and TMD, and determined prognostic and risk factors.METHODS: We collected blood samples from 317 patients of 433 DS confirmed patients. We found 18 patients who had blast cells in their peripheral blood.RESULTS: Twelve patients were positive for blasts during the neonate period, and only one patient progressed to leukemia. The other 11 patients were later diagnosed with TMD. Six more patients were later diagnosed with leukemia, therefore, 7 patients were diagnosed with leukemia in total. All patients diagnosed with leukemia had anemia at the time of diagnosis, which was not found in TMD patients. All leukemia patients developed their disease after three months of life. Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) patients had additional chromosome mutation to trisomy 21 when they were diagnosed.CONCLUSION: In patients with Down Syndrome, anemia at diagnosis and age of onset could be helpful in distinguishing TMD from acute leukemia. Cancerous mutations in the chromosomes of peripheral and marrow blast cells of Down syndrome patients may foreshadow acute leukemia.
Age of Onset ; Anemia ; Bone Marrow ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Down Syndrome ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Leukemia ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; Myeloproliferative Disorders ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVE: To assess factors related to standing balance in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS: In total, 37 female patients with painful knee OA were included. Pain, knee alignment, and Kellgren and Lawrence grade were evaluated accordingly. Static standing balance was measured with a force-platform system under two different conditions: static standing with eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC) for 30 seconds. The mean speed (mm/s) of movement of the center of pressure in the anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral directions and the mean velocity moment (mm2/s) were analyzed for assessment of static balance. RESULTS: In the univariate regression analysis, age and knee alignment showed statistically significant relationships with the mean speed in the AP directions with EO. In the multiple linear regression model, age and knee alignment were positively associated and disease severity was negatively associated with mean speed in the AP directions with EO. However, the variables for EC static measurements were not significantly correlated with age, pain, knee alignment, or radiographic severity (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: These findings show that the worse balance was associated with advanced age, less varus knee malalignment, and mild radiographic changes. Pain was not associated with standing balance.
Eye ; Female ; Humans ; Knee ; Linear Models ; Osteoarthritis ; Osteoarthritis, Knee

Postpartum sacral fracture is relatively rare, and its diagnosis is often delayed. We herein report such a case of a 28-year-old patient who presented with an insidious-onset lower back pain, left buttock pain, and radicular symptoms mimicking lumbar radiculopathy. Laboratory tests showed a decreased 25-hydroxy vitamin D level, and the bone mineral densitometry of both femurs was below the expected range. Plain radiographs of the lumbar spine and pelvis showed no definite abnormality, but lumbosacral spinal magnetic resonance imaging identified a left sacral fracture. Symptoms were alleviated with rest and oral analgesic treatment.
Buttocks ; Densitometry ; Femur ; Fractures, Stress ; Humans ; Low Back Pain ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Osteoporosis ; Pelvis ; Postpartum Period ; Radiculopathy ; Spine ; Vitamin D

BACKGROUND: Smoking reduces pulmonary function and induces various lung diseases. Recently, the rate of emphysema detection has increased due to lung cancer screening with low-dose chest computed tomography (CT). The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in lung function associated with emphysema in healthy smokers. METHODS: One hundred and ninety one healthy smokers, who had undergone a low-dose chest CT (LDCT) scan as part of lung cancer screening and had revisited the health center after a median 23.9 months' time, were recruited into this study. The severity of emphysema was calculated by the direct observation of a radiologist and a pulmonologist indipendently. Longitudinal changes in lung function according to emphysema based on LDCT and type of smoker was analyzed. RESULTS: Of the participants in this study, 25% of healthy smokers had emphysema, which was mild in severity, in older patients (p=0.003) and in heavy smokers (p<0.001). FEV1/FVC and FEF25-75% were decreased in current smokers with emphysema (p=0.001 and p=0.009, respectively) and without emphysema (p=0.001 and p=0.042). Although lung function was not decreased in ex-smokers without emphysema, FEV1/FVC and FEF25-75% were decreased in ex-smoker with emphysema (p=0.020 and p=0.010). CONCLUSION: Upon examination with LDCT, the prevalence of emphysema was higher in healthy smokers was than in non-smokers. Lung function was diminished in smokers with emphysema, in spite of former smoker.
Emphysema ; Humans ; Lung ; Lung Diseases ; Lung Neoplasms ; Mass Screening ; Prevalence ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Spirometry ; Thorax ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUND: Smoking reduces pulmonary function and induces various lung diseases. Recently, the rate of emphysema detection has increased due to lung cancer screening with low-dose chest computed tomography (CT). The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in lung function associated with emphysema in healthy smokers. METHODS: One hundred and ninety one healthy smokers, who had undergone a low-dose chest CT (LDCT) scan as part of lung cancer screening and had revisited the health center after a median 23.9 months' time, were recruited into this study. The severity of emphysema was calculated by the direct observation of a radiologist and a pulmonologist indipendently. Longitudinal changes in lung function according to emphysema based on LDCT and type of smoker was analyzed. RESULTS: Of the participants in this study, 25% of healthy smokers had emphysema, which was mild in severity, in older patients (p=0.003) and in heavy smokers (p<0.001). FEV1/FVC and FEF25-75% were decreased in current smokers with emphysema (p=0.001 and p=0.009, respectively) and without emphysema (p=0.001 and p=0.042). Although lung function was not decreased in ex-smokers without emphysema, FEV1/FVC and FEF25-75% were decreased in ex-smoker with emphysema (p=0.020 and p=0.010). CONCLUSION: Upon examination with LDCT, the prevalence of emphysema was higher in healthy smokers was than in non-smokers. Lung function was diminished in smokers with emphysema, in spite of former smoker.
Emphysema ; Humans ; Lung ; Lung Diseases ; Lung Neoplasms ; Mass Screening ; Prevalence ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Spirometry ; Thorax ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed