Purpose: This study aimed to identify the effects of shared leadership, communication skills, and team effectiveness, as perceived by nurses and nursing assistants in comprehensive nursing service units. Methods: A cross-sectional research design was adopted, and the sample included 306 nurses, nurse assistants, and caregivers working in nine hospitals with fewer than 500 beds in two South Korean cities. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and four-step hierarchical regression analysis. Results: The factors influencing team effectiveness in the hierarchal multiple regression analysis were shared leadership (β=.57,p<.001) and communication skills (β=.18, p<.001). These factors explained 49% of the total variance. Conclusion To enhance team effectiveness in compressive nursing service units, educational programs focusing on shared leadership and communication skills among nurses, nursing assistants, and caregivers must be developed.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the effects of shared leadership, communication skills, and team effectiveness, as perceived by nurses and nursing assistants in comprehensive nursing service units. Methods: A cross-sectional research design was adopted, and the sample included 306 nurses, nurse assistants, and caregivers working in nine hospitals with fewer than 500 beds in two South Korean cities. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and four-step hierarchical regression analysis. Results: The factors influencing team effectiveness in the hierarchal multiple regression analysis were shared leadership (β=.57,p<.001) and communication skills (β=.18, p<.001). These factors explained 49% of the total variance. Conclusion To enhance team effectiveness in compressive nursing service units, educational programs focusing on shared leadership and communication skills among nurses, nursing assistants, and caregivers must be developed.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the effects of shared leadership, communication skills, and team effectiveness, as perceived by nurses and nursing assistants in comprehensive nursing service units. Methods: A cross-sectional research design was adopted, and the sample included 306 nurses, nurse assistants, and caregivers working in nine hospitals with fewer than 500 beds in two South Korean cities. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and four-step hierarchical regression analysis. Results: The factors influencing team effectiveness in the hierarchal multiple regression analysis were shared leadership (β=.57,p<.001) and communication skills (β=.18, p<.001). These factors explained 49% of the total variance. Conclusion To enhance team effectiveness in compressive nursing service units, educational programs focusing on shared leadership and communication skills among nurses, nursing assistants, and caregivers must be developed.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the effects of shared leadership, communication skills, and team effectiveness, as perceived by nurses and nursing assistants in comprehensive nursing service units. Methods: A cross-sectional research design was adopted, and the sample included 306 nurses, nurse assistants, and caregivers working in nine hospitals with fewer than 500 beds in two South Korean cities. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and four-step hierarchical regression analysis. Results: The factors influencing team effectiveness in the hierarchal multiple regression analysis were shared leadership (β=.57,p<.001) and communication skills (β=.18, p<.001). These factors explained 49% of the total variance. Conclusion To enhance team effectiveness in compressive nursing service units, educational programs focusing on shared leadership and communication skills among nurses, nursing assistants, and caregivers must be developed.

Social support and self-esteem play crucial roles in influencing the mental health of pregnant women. This study explored the moderating role of social support and the mediating role of self-esteem in the relationship between pregnancy-related stress and antenatal depression among pregnant women. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 180 pregnant women who visited the obstetrics outpatient clinic at a hospital in Changwon, Korea, between November 22 and December 30, 2022. Data were collected through structured questionnaires that assessed antenatal depression, pregnancy stress, self-esteem, and social support. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, and PROCESS Macro model 5. Results: The mean gestational age of the participants was 23 weeks. The mean score for pregnancy stress was 63.51±14.33, indicating a moderate level of self-esteem and social support were high, with scores of 31.06±4.83 and 41.96±7.73, respectively. Prenatal depression was notably low, averaging 6.51±4.59. It showed a significant positive correlation with pregnancy stress (r=.52, p<.001) and negative correlations with self-esteem (r=–.49, p<.001) and social support (r=–.24, p=.001). Self-esteem acted as a mediator in the relationship between pregnancy stress and antepartum depression among pregnant women, with an indirect effect of .05 and a 95% confidence interval of .02 to .08. Additionally, social support moderated the impact of pregnancy stress on antepartum depression (B=–.01, p=.036). Conclusion: The study emphasizes the need for a comprehensive approach to maternal mental health during pregnancy, which should include stress management, self-esteem enhancement, and social support interventions. Addressing these interconnected factors is crucial for promoting maternal well-being and reducing the incidence of prenatal depression.

Purpose: Social support is essential for postpartum well-being, but little is known about the postpnatal social support preferred by primiparous women. This study aimed to comprehensively understand and describe the meaning of postnatal social support experience in primiparous women. Methods: The participants were seven primiparous women who were within 1 year after childbirth, recruited through purposive and snowball sampling from an online parenting community. The data were collected through in-depth interviews from November 14 to 28, 2022. Participants were interviewed face-to-face or via phone or online platform, according to their choice. Colaizzi’s phenomenological qualitative research method was applied to analyze the meaning of the participants’ experience. Results: Five theme clusters and fourteen themes were identified from the data. The five theme clusters are as follows: (1) Shortcomings of the childbirth and postpartum care system I learned through my experience; (2) Government policies focusing on childbirth and child-rearing rather than postpartum recovery; (3) Driving force of postpartum recovery: Shared childbirth process; (4) Childcare on my own; and (5) Conflicted between being a stay-at-home mom and a working mom under inadequate maternity protection policies. Conclusion Despite postpartum support from the government that was perceived as inadequate, first-time mothers regained confidence and motivation for parenting with the help of family, peers, and social networks. First-time mothers need support from professionals and reliable online communities for postpartum recovery and parenting.

Social support and self-esteem play crucial roles in influencing the mental health of pregnant women. This study explored the moderating role of social support and the mediating role of self-esteem in the relationship between pregnancy-related stress and antenatal depression among pregnant women. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 180 pregnant women who visited the obstetrics outpatient clinic at a hospital in Changwon, Korea, between November 22 and December 30, 2022. Data were collected through structured questionnaires that assessed antenatal depression, pregnancy stress, self-esteem, and social support. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, and PROCESS Macro model 5. Results: The mean gestational age of the participants was 23 weeks. The mean score for pregnancy stress was 63.51±14.33, indicating a moderate level of self-esteem and social support were high, with scores of 31.06±4.83 and 41.96±7.73, respectively. Prenatal depression was notably low, averaging 6.51±4.59. It showed a significant positive correlation with pregnancy stress (r=.52, p<.001) and negative correlations with self-esteem (r=–.49, p<.001) and social support (r=–.24, p=.001). Self-esteem acted as a mediator in the relationship between pregnancy stress and antepartum depression among pregnant women, with an indirect effect of .05 and a 95% confidence interval of .02 to .08. Additionally, social support moderated the impact of pregnancy stress on antepartum depression (B=–.01, p=.036). Conclusion: The study emphasizes the need for a comprehensive approach to maternal mental health during pregnancy, which should include stress management, self-esteem enhancement, and social support interventions. Addressing these interconnected factors is crucial for promoting maternal well-being and reducing the incidence of prenatal depression.

Purpose: Social support is essential for postpartum well-being, but little is known about the postpnatal social support preferred by primiparous women. This study aimed to comprehensively understand and describe the meaning of postnatal social support experience in primiparous women. Methods: The participants were seven primiparous women who were within 1 year after childbirth, recruited through purposive and snowball sampling from an online parenting community. The data were collected through in-depth interviews from November 14 to 28, 2022. Participants were interviewed face-to-face or via phone or online platform, according to their choice. Colaizzi’s phenomenological qualitative research method was applied to analyze the meaning of the participants’ experience. Results: Five theme clusters and fourteen themes were identified from the data. The five theme clusters are as follows: (1) Shortcomings of the childbirth and postpartum care system I learned through my experience; (2) Government policies focusing on childbirth and child-rearing rather than postpartum recovery; (3) Driving force of postpartum recovery: Shared childbirth process; (4) Childcare on my own; and (5) Conflicted between being a stay-at-home mom and a working mom under inadequate maternity protection policies. Conclusion Despite postpartum support from the government that was perceived as inadequate, first-time mothers regained confidence and motivation for parenting with the help of family, peers, and social networks. First-time mothers need support from professionals and reliable online communities for postpartum recovery and parenting.