We describe the updated Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology (KSGO) practice guideline for the management of cervical cancer, version 5.1. The KSGO announced the fifth version of its clinical practice guidelines for the management of cervical cancer in March 2024. The selection of the key questions and the systematic reviews were based on data available up to December 2022. Between 2023 and 2024, substantial findings from large-scale clinical trials and new advancements in cervical cancer research remarkably emerged. Therefore, based on the existing version 5.0, we updated the guidelines with newly accumulated clinical data and added 4 new key questions reflecting the latest insights in the field of cervical cancer. For each question, recommendation was formulated with corresponding level of evidence and grade of recommendation, all established through expert consensus.

We describe the updated Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology (KSGO) practice guideline for the management of cervical cancer, version 5.1. The KSGO announced the fifth version of its clinical practice guidelines for the management of cervical cancer in March 2024. The selection of the key questions and the systematic reviews were based on data available up to December 2022. Between 2023 and 2024, substantial findings from large-scale clinical trials and new advancements in cervical cancer research remarkably emerged. Therefore, based on the existing version 5.0, we updated the guidelines with newly accumulated clinical data and added 4 new key questions reflecting the latest insights in the field of cervical cancer. For each question, recommendation was formulated with corresponding level of evidence and grade of recommendation, all established through expert consensus.

We describe the updated Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology (KSGO) practice guideline for the management of cervical cancer, version 5.1. The KSGO announced the fifth version of its clinical practice guidelines for the management of cervical cancer in March 2024. The selection of the key questions and the systematic reviews were based on data available up to December 2022. Between 2023 and 2024, substantial findings from large-scale clinical trials and new advancements in cervical cancer research remarkably emerged. Therefore, based on the existing version 5.0, we updated the guidelines with newly accumulated clinical data and added 4 new key questions reflecting the latest insights in the field of cervical cancer. For each question, recommendation was formulated with corresponding level of evidence and grade of recommendation, all established through expert consensus.

This study investigated the molecular mechanism of phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which play a crucial role in vascular remodeling using 9H-Carbazol-3-yl 4-aminobenzoate (CAB). CAB significantly attenuated platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced VSMC proliferation and migration. CAB suppressed PDGF-induced STAT3 activation by directly binding to the SH2 domain of STAT3. Downregulation of STAT3 phosphorylation by CAB attenuated CIAPIN1/JAK2/STAT3 axis through a decrease in CIAPIN1 transcription. Furthermore, abrogated CIAPIN1 decreased KLF4-mediated VSMC dedifferentiation and increased CDKN1B-induced cell cycle arrest and MMP9 suppression. CAB inhibited intimal hyperplasia in injury-induced neointima animal models by inhibition of the CIAPIN1/JAK2/STAT3 axis. However, CIAPIN1 overexpression attenuated CAB-mediated suppression of VSMC proliferation, migration, phenotypic switching, and intimal hyperplasia. Our study clarified the molecular mechanism underlying STAT3 inhibition of VSMC phenotypic switching and vascular remodeling and identified novel active CAB. These findings demonstrated that STAT3 can be a major regulator to control CIAPIN1/JAK2/STAT3 axis that may be a therapeutic target for treating vascular proliferative diseases.

Objective: We elucidated the effect of monochorionicity on neonatal and long-term neurologic outcomes on an individual basis in triplets. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the perinatal outcomes and development and growth at 18 to 24 months corrected age (CA) of triplets born alive between 24 and 32 weeks of gestational age (GA) between 2009 and 2021 from the Seoul National University Hospital database. Neurod­evelopmental impairment (NDI) was defined as any delay among the Bayley-III domains (motor and language), cerebral palsy, hearing impairment, or visual loss and was performed at a CA of 18 to 24 months. Results: We included 40 sets of triplets (120 infants), comprising 26, 10, and 4 sets of trichorionic (TC), dichorionic (DC), and monochorionic (MC) triplets, respectively. Ten infants, unaffected by monochorionicity out of 30 DC infants, were included in the non-MC group. Eighty-eight infants were included in the non-MC group, and 32 infants were affected by monochorionicity. In vitro fertilization-embryo transfer was more frequent in the non-MC group (P<0.05), and twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome affected only the MC group (P<0.01). At 24 months of CA, a combined delay of language and cognition in Bayley-III was evident in the MC group (P<0.05). Although NDI did not significantly differ between the 2 groups (P=0.059), the composite outcome of NDI+ postnatal death was significantly different (P<0.05). NDI+ postnatal death correlated with GA, Z-score of birth weight, brain injury, and monochorionicity in the univariate analysis (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed a significant correlation between monochorionicity and NDI+ postnatal death. (P<0.05). Conclusion Monochorionicity is associated with adverse long-term neurodevelopmental out comes.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore and assess the experiences of cancer patients and their caregivers who had been admitted to comprehensive nursing care service wards. Methods: Data were collected from 10 patients and 10 caregivers by in-depth interviews. The data were analyzed using content analysis of Downe-Wamboldt. Results: Three categories and seven subcategories were extracted. 1) Realizing institutional limitations of comprehensive nursing care service: ‘Wishing for precise operating systems based on patient severity,’ ‘Anticipating active caregiver participation in treatment process,’ ‘Requiring a countermeasure for safety accidents,’ 2) Professional nursing service which provides relief: ‘Patient-centered professional nursing service,’ ‘Inpatient service that provides relief for patients and caregivers,’ 3) Anticipating continuous use of the service: ‘Inpatient service which users are willing to reuse,’ ‘Wishing for expansion and reinforcement of the service.’ Conclusion Cancer patients and their caregivers experienced institutional limitations while satisfied with professional nursing service and willing to reuse the service. To improve this situation, institutional support such as separate wards for severe patients, measures for active caregiver participation and prevention of safety accidents, and adequate staffing would be helpful for relatively severe level cancer patients and their caregivers.

This fifth revised version of the Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology practice guidelines for the management of cervical cancer incorporates recent research findings and changes in treatment strategies based on version 4.0 released in 2020. Each key question was developed by focusing on recent notable insights and crucial contemporary issues in the field of cervical cancer. These questions were evaluated for their significance and impact on the current treatment and were finalized through voting by the development committee. The selected key questions were as follows: the efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors as firstor second-line treatment for recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer; the oncologic safety of minimally invasive radical hysterectomy in early stage cervical cancer; the efficacy and safety of adjuvant systemic treatment after concurrent chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer; and the oncologic safety of sentinel lymph node mapping compared to pelvic lymph node dissection. The recommendations, directions, and strengths of this guideline were based on systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and were finally confirmed through public hearings and external reviews. In this study, we describe the revised practice guidelines for the management of cervical cancer.

Objective: We elucidated the effect of monochorionicity on neonatal and long-term neurologic outcomes on an individual basis in triplets. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the perinatal outcomes and development and growth at 18 to 24 months corrected age (CA) of triplets born alive between 24 and 32 weeks of gestational age (GA) between 2009 and 2021 from the Seoul National University Hospital database. Neurod­evelopmental impairment (NDI) was defined as any delay among the Bayley-III domains (motor and language), cerebral palsy, hearing impairment, or visual loss and was performed at a CA of 18 to 24 months. Results: We included 40 sets of triplets (120 infants), comprising 26, 10, and 4 sets of trichorionic (TC), dichorionic (DC), and monochorionic (MC) triplets, respectively. Ten infants, unaffected by monochorionicity out of 30 DC infants, were included in the non-MC group. Eighty-eight infants were included in the non-MC group, and 32 infants were affected by monochorionicity. In vitro fertilization-embryo transfer was more frequent in the non-MC group (P<0.05), and twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome affected only the MC group (P<0.01). At 24 months of CA, a combined delay of language and cognition in Bayley-III was evident in the MC group (P<0.05). Although NDI did not significantly differ between the 2 groups (P=0.059), the composite outcome of NDI+ postnatal death was significantly different (P<0.05). NDI+ postnatal death correlated with GA, Z-score of birth weight, brain injury, and monochorionicity in the univariate analysis (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed a significant correlation between monochorionicity and NDI+ postnatal death. (P<0.05). Conclusion Monochorionicity is associated with adverse long-term neurodevelopmental out comes.

Cardio-oncology is a critical field due to the escalating significance of cardiovascular toxicity as a side effect of anti‑ cancer treatments. Cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) is a prevalent condition associated with car‑ diovascular toxicity, necessitating effective strategies for prediction, monitoring, management, and tracking. This comprehensive review examines the definition and risk stratification of CTRCD, explores monitoring approaches during anticancer therapy, and highlights specific cardiovascular toxicities linked to various cancer treatments. These include anthracyclines, HER2-targeted agents, vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes therapies. Incorporating the Korean data, this review offers insights into the regional nuances in managing CTRCD. Using systematic follow-up incorporating cardiovascular imaging and biomarkers, a better understanding and management of CTRCD can be achieved, optimizing the cardiovascular health of both cancer patients and survivors.

Objective: We elucidated the effect of monochorionicity on neonatal and long-term neurologic outcomes on an individual basis in triplets. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the perinatal outcomes and development and growth at 18 to 24 months corrected age (CA) of triplets born alive between 24 and 32 weeks of gestational age (GA) between 2009 and 2021 from the Seoul National University Hospital database. Neurod­evelopmental impairment (NDI) was defined as any delay among the Bayley-III domains (motor and language), cerebral palsy, hearing impairment, or visual loss and was performed at a CA of 18 to 24 months. Results: We included 40 sets of triplets (120 infants), comprising 26, 10, and 4 sets of trichorionic (TC), dichorionic (DC), and monochorionic (MC) triplets, respectively. Ten infants, unaffected by monochorionicity out of 30 DC infants, were included in the non-MC group. Eighty-eight infants were included in the non-MC group, and 32 infants were affected by monochorionicity. In vitro fertilization-embryo transfer was more frequent in the non-MC group (P<0.05), and twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome affected only the MC group (P<0.01). At 24 months of CA, a combined delay of language and cognition in Bayley-III was evident in the MC group (P<0.05). Although NDI did not significantly differ between the 2 groups (P=0.059), the composite outcome of NDI+ postnatal death was significantly different (P<0.05). NDI+ postnatal death correlated with GA, Z-score of birth weight, brain injury, and monochorionicity in the univariate analysis (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed a significant correlation between monochorionicity and NDI+ postnatal death. (P<0.05). Conclusion Monochorionicity is associated with adverse long-term neurodevelopmental out comes.