Chronic anemia patients (such as thalassemia) often rely on long-term red blood cell transfusion to sustain life. However, alloimmune reactions against blood group antigens can pose serious risks to the patients' clinical treatment and survival. The regulatory mechanisms of transfusion-related alloimmunity are not yet well understood. For example, some patients, despite long-term transfusions, do not develop alloimmune reactions, while others produce alloantibodies against multiple blood group antigens, making transfusion therapy increasingly difficult. Red blood cell blood group alloimmunity involves various immune cells, including antigen-presenting cells and different T cells. Many studies are exploring the regulatory roles and even potential interventions. This article reviews the correlation between cellular immunity and red blood cell blood group antigens in alloimmune responses, and explores the interaction between the two, as well as their impact on immune responses.
Humans ; Immunity, Cellular/immunology* ; Erythrocytes/immunology* ; Blood Group Antigens/immunology* ; Animals ; Isoantibodies/immunology* ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology*

OBJECTIVE: The distribution of irregular erythrocyte antibodies in the blood transfusion department of the People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from 2011 to 2022 and the relationship between irregular erythrocyte antibodies and ethnicity, gender, pregnancy history, blood transfusion history were retrospectively analyzed. METHODS: The irregular antibody screening data of patients who were proposed to receive blood transfusions in the clinical blood transfusion safety and blood management software of our hospital from 2011 to 2022 were collected for a retrospective study, and the distribution of irregular erythrocyte antibodies from 2011 to 2022 was analyzed. The relationship between ethnicity, gender, pregnancy history, blood transfusion history and the detection rate of irregular erythrocyte antibodies was further analyzed. RESULTS: From 2011 to 2022, the positive detection rate of irregular erythrocyte antibodies in 329 270 samples was 0.77%. Rh blood group (43.72%), Lewis blood group (9.90%) and MNS blood group (6.44%) accounted for the highest proportion of irregular erythrocyte antibody positive samples. In Rh blood group, the proportion of anti-D and anti-E in positive samples was the highest, with 19.09% and 16.06%, respectively. In MNS blood group, the proportion of anti-M in positive samples was the highest (5.46%). In Lewis blood group, the proportion of anti-Le^a in positive samples was the highest (8.80%). Compared with other ethnic groups, the detection rates of irregular erythrocyte antibodies were significantly higher in Han, Hui and Uyghur ethnic groups (P < 0.001). Irregular erythrocyte antibody positive samples in Rh blood group system were concentrated in Han and Uygur ethnic groups. Compared to males and patients without a history of blood transfusion and pregnancy, female patients and patients with a history of blood transfusion and pregnancy had significantly higher detection rates of irregulart erythrocyte antibodies (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The results of irregular antibody screening before blood transfusion showed that Rh blood group system antibodies were the main type of irregular antibodies, and the screening of various Rh blood group antigens should be strengthened. And the screening should be focused on female, patients with blood transfusion history and pregnancy history, as well as ethnic minority patients.
Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Female ; Blood Transfusion ; China ; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System/immunology* ; Male ; Erythrocytes/immunology* ; Pregnancy ; Isoantibodies/blood* ; Blood Grouping and Crossmatching ; Antibodies ; Adult ; Blood Group Antigens/immunology*

OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively analyze the identification results of irregular antibodies, to clarify the distribution features and to explore the relation of alloantibodies and autoantibodies with the immunized history of patients and disease kinds. METHODS: 49 820 patients who applied for red blood transfusion during Sep 1st 2017 to Sep 1st 2018 were selected. All the specimens were screened for the antibody by microcolumn gel antiglobulin technique, which then were identified for irregular antibody. RESULTS: Antibodies were found in 861 (1.73%) of all 49 820 transfused samples. The alloimmunization history of the patients with antibodies was significantly different between male and female (χ=18.54，P＜0.01). The alloantibody was the most common, accounting for 59.50% in all of the antibodies. Warm autoantibody, anti-E, anti-M, anti-cE and anti-Ce accounted for 68.5% of the antibodies. The blood group of Rh, MNS and Lewis were responsible for 92.40% of alloantibody, especially anti-E accounted for the largest percentage(38.60%) of alloantibody. Patients with alloantiboies experienced much more the alloimmunization and transfusion history (χ=20.13，P＜0.01；χ=5.40，P＜0.05) . The distribution of auto and alloantibody was very significantly different among the ddifferent isease (χ=51.8，P＜0.01), Hematopathy, solid tumor and osteoarthropathy were often associated with alloantibody, otherwise, autoantibodies often occurred in hematopathy and autoimmune disease. CONCLUSION The most important factor that results in antibody-screening positive is alloantibody, in which anti-E antibody from Rh blood group system in most common.
Antibodies ; immunology ; Blood Group Antigens ; Blood Transfusion ; Erythrocytes ; Female ; Humans ; Isoantibodies ; Male ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether miR-492 is involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of OK blood group antigen expression on red blood cells.

METHODSTwo 3'-UTR fragments of the BSG gene were synthesized with a chemical method, which respectively encompassed the BSG rs8259 TT or BSG rs8259 AA sites. The fragments were added with Xho I and Not I restriction enzyme cutting sites at both ends and cloned into a pUC57 vector, which in turn was constructed into a psiCHECK-2 vector and verified by sequencing. K562 cells were transfected with various combinations of miR-492 mimic and constructed psiCHECK2-BSG-T or psiCHECK2-BSG-A recombinant plasmid. A blank control group was set up. Each transfection experiment was repeated three times. The activity of Renilla reniformis luciferase was determined and normalized with that of firefly luciferase, and detected with a dual-luciferase reporter assay system. The data were subjected to statistical analysis.

RESULTSThe sequencing results confirmed that the recombinant psiCHECK2 plasmids containing the BSG rs8259 TT or rs8259 AA sites were constructed successfully. The results of dual-luciferase report gene detection showed that the miR-492 mimic could significantly inhibit psiCHECK2-BSG-T at a concentration over 100 nmol/L. However, it could not inhibit psiCHECK-BSG-A.

CONCLUSIONmiR-492 may be involved in the regulation of OK antigen expression on red blood cells with the BSG rs8259 TT genotype.

Basigin ; genetics ; Blood Group Antigens ; genetics ; Erythrocytes ; immunology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genotype ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; physiology

The present investigation was carried out to evaluate anti-inflammatory and membrane stabilizing properties of methyl jasmonate (MJ) in experimental rat models of acute and chronic inflammation. The effects of MJ on acute inflammation were assessed using carrageenan-induced rat's paw edema model. The granuloma air pouch model was employed to evaluate the effects of MJ on chronic inflammation produced by carrageenan in rats. The number of white blood cells (WBC) in pouch exudates was estimated using light microscopy. The levels of biomarkers of oxidative stress, such as malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and activity of antioxidant enzymes in the exudates, were determined using spectrophotometry. The membrane stabilizing property of MJ was assessed based on inhibition of hemolysis of rat red blood cells (RBC) exposed to hypotonic medium. Our results indicated that MJ (25-100 mg·kg, i.p.) produced significant anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats (P < 0.05). MJ reduced the volume of pouch exudates and the number of WBC in carrageenan-induced granulomatous inflammation. It also exhibited potent antioxidant and membrane stabilizing activities. In conclusion, these findings suggest the therapeutic potentials of methyl jasmonate in disease conditions associated with inflammation and its anti-inflammatory activity may be related to its antioxidant and membrane stabilizing activities.
Acetates ; administration & dosage ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; administration & dosage ; Cell Membrane ; chemistry ; drug effects ; immunology ; Cyclopentanes ; administration & dosage ; Disease Models, Animal ; Edema ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Erythrocytes ; chemistry ; drug effects ; Glutathione ; immunology ; Humans ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; immunology ; Oxylipins ; administration & dosage ; Plant Extracts ; administration & dosage ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

No abstract available.
ABO Blood-Group System/genetics ; Aged ; Agglutination Tests ; Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/*blood ; Erythrocyte Transfusion ; Erythrocytes/immunology ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Pneumonia/diagnosis/*immunology/therapy

Amphibian skin contains rich bioactive peptides. Especially, a large amount of antimicrobial peptides have been identified from amphibian skin secretions. Antimicrobial peptides display potent cytolytic activities against a range of pathogenic bacteria and fungi and play important defense roles. No antimicrobial peptides have been reported from toads belonging to the family of Pelobatidae. In this work, two novel antimicrobial peptides (Megin 1 and Megin 2) were purified and characterized from the skin venoms of spadefoot toad Megophrys minor (Pelobatidae, Anura, Amphibia). Megin 1 had an amino acid sequence of FLKGCWTKWYSLKPKCPF-NH2, which was composed of 18 amino acid residues and contained an intra-molecular disulfide bridge and an amidated C-terminus. Megin 2 had an amino acid sequence of FFVLKFLLKWAGKVGLEHLACKFKNWC, which was composed of 27 amino acid residues and contained an intra-molecular disulfide bridge. Both Megin 1 and Megin 2 showed potential antimicrobial abilities against bacteria and fungi. The MICs of Megin 1 against Escherichia coli, Bacillus dysenteriae, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Candida albicans were 25, 3, 6.25, 3, and 50 μg·mL(-1), respectively. The corresponding MICs for Megin 2 were 6.25, 1.5, 12.5, 1.5, and 12.5 μg·mL(-1), respectively. They also exerted strong hemolytic activity against human and rabbit red cells. The results suggested that megin peptides in the toad skin of M. minor displayed toxic effects on both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. This was the first report of antimicrobial peptides from amphibians belonging to the family of Pelobatidae.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Amphibian Venoms ; chemistry ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; Animals ; Anura ; immunology ; Bacillus ; Candida albicans ; Erythrocytes ; physiology ; Escherichia coli ; Female ; Hemolysis ; Humans ; Male ; Peptides ; chemistry ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; Rabbits ; Sequence Alignment ; Skin ; chemistry ; immunology ; Staphylococcus aureus

OBJECTIVETo detect the IgM anti-A (B) and IgG anti-A (B) antibody titers of group O healthy donors in Hainan province area, to understand the distribution of O-type blood donor IgM and IgG antibody titers and to analyze the relationship between antibody titers, so as to provide experimental evidences for the safety and feasibility of urgent transfusion of uncrossmatched group O RBCs.

METHODSGroup O whole blood sample was collected from 80 volunteers blood donors. IgM antibody titrations was performed using the immediate spin (IS) tube, and IgG antibody titration were performed using the column agglutination technique with anti-human globulin (AHG). Using two-way ANOVA, paired t-test and correlation analysis, the different types of antibodies were compared.

RESULTSThe IgM antibody titers distributed in 4-1 024, IgG antibody titer distributed in 2-2 048. Anti-A antibody titers of IgG were significantly higher than that of IgM anti-B, IgG anti-B and IgM anti-A titers (P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation bewteen IgM anti-A and anti-B, IgM anti-B and IgG anti-B, IgG anti-A and anti-B (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONGroup O blood donors have high antibody titers in Hainan province area, type O RBC suspensions should be first screened through screening the anti-A titer of IgG, so that can significantly improve the pass rate of O-type universal blood and reduce testing costs.

ABO Blood-Group System ; immunology ; Antibodies ; Blood Donors ; Blood Transfusion ; China ; Erythrocytes ; Humans

α-Gal, the main xenotransplantation antigen, can lead to hyperacute rejection (HAR) in xenotransplantation. This study was purposed to investigate the effect of recombinant α-galactosidase (α-Gal antigen) on the Holstein-Friesian(H-F) red blood cells (RBC). The enzymelysis method was used to digest the α-Gal antigen on H-F RBC; the saline and anti-human globulin methods were used to perform the agglutination test of H-F RBC and human plasma; the flow cytometry was used to detect the α-Gal antigen on surface of H-F RBC, fluorescence intensity of FITC-IB4 and FITC-IgG labeled RBC. The results indicated that the saline and anti-human globulin method showed α-galactosidase-treated H-F RBC fail to agglutinate with human pooled plasma; the flow cytometry showed the fluorescence intensity of FITC-IB4 and FITC-IgG labeled RBC decrease 99.0% and 87.8%, respectively. It is concluded that the novel α-galactosidase can be used to cleared the α-Gal antigen on the surface of H-F RBC and α-galactosidase-treated H-F RBC may be considered as human blood substitute.
Animals ; Blood Substitutes ; Cattle ; Erythrocytes ; immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Transplantation, Heterologous

BACKGROUND: Detection methods for ABO antibody (Ab) titers vary across laboratories, and the results are different depending on the method used. We aimed to compare titer values using different detection methods for the measurement of ABO Ab titers. METHODS: For ABO Ab detection, pooled group A or B red blood cells (RBCs) were reacted with each of 20 sera from blood groups A, B, or O without dithiothreitol treatment. The room-temperature (RT) incubation technique and the indirect antiglobulin test (IAT) were used in the tube test and gel card test. Flow cytometry (FCM) was performed by using anti-IgM and anti-IgG Abs. RESULTS: Regardless of the blood groups tested, the FCM assay with anti-IgM showed the highest titer compared to the tube test and gel card test with RT incubation in both. The tube test with IAT showed a higher titer than the gel card test with IAT (Gel-IAT) or FCM with anti-IgG in blood group A and B, while Gel-IAT showed the highest titer relative to the other tests, only for the anti-A Ab in blood group O. CONCLUSIONS: There were significant differences in the titers depending on the detection method used, and each method showed a different detection capacity for each ABO Ab depending on the ABO blood group tested. Therefore, caution should be exercised in interpreting ABO Ab titer results, taking into consideration the detection method used and the blood group.
ABO Blood-Group System/*immunology ; Adult ; Aged ; Agglutination Tests/instrumentation/*standards ; Antibodies/*analysis ; Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/analysis ; Erythrocytes/chemistry/metabolism ; Female ; *Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Temperature