This study aimed to classify individuals who had perpetrated child sexual abuse according to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) typologies of child molesters and to assess the correlations between sociodemographic and criminal variables. We examined a total of 26 patients diagnosed with pedophilia (DSM-IV-TR criteria) who had been hospitalized in the National Forensic Hospital for Cure Custody. Data were obtained through self-administered questionnaires and reviews of patient records. Patients were classified into preferential offenders or situational offenders based on FBI typologies. Current and first offense ages of preferential offenders were younger than those of situational offenders. Preferential offenders were more likely to have been exposed to sexual abuse during childhood, and were more likely to watch child pornography than situational offenders (p < 0.05). Additionally, recidivists had lower IQs (intelligence quotient), lower levels of education, and longer illness durations than first-time offenders (p < 0.05). A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that IQ and duration of illness might be risk factors of recidivism, although results were not statistically significant (p < 0.1). We found that classification of individuals who had sexually abused children into preferential or situational types, based on FBI typologies, provided on pedophile characteristics and probability of recidivism. We highly recommended that low IQ patients receive intensive treatment and education in order to reduce the possibility of future offenses.
Child Abuse, Sexual ; Child* ; Classification ; Criminals ; Education ; Erotica ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Pedophilia* ; Risk Factors ; Sex Offenses ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVE: This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to contrast the differential brain activation patterns in response to visual stimulation with both male and female erotic nude pictures in male-to-female (MTF) transsexuals who underwent a sex reassignment surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of nine healthy MTF transsexuals after a sex reassignment surgery underwent fMRI on a 3.0 Tesla MR Scanner. The brain activation patterns were induced by visual stimulation with both male and female erotic nude pictures. RESULTS: The sex hormone levels of the postoperative MTF transsexuals were in the normal range of healthy heterosexual females. The brain areas, which were activated by viewing male nude pictures when compared with viewing female nude pictures, included predominantly the cerebellum, hippocampus, putamen, anterior cingulate gyrus, head of caudate nucleus, amygdala, midbrain, thalamus, insula, and body of caudate nucleus. On the other hand, brain activation induced by viewing female nude pictures was predominantly observed in the hypothalamus and the septal area. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that distinct brain activation patterns associated with visual sexual arousal in postoperative MTF transsexuals reflect their sexual orientation to males.
Adult ; Arousal/physiology ; Brain Mapping/*methods ; Erotica ; Female ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones/blood ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Photic Stimulation ; Transsexualism/*psychology

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to understand sexual behavior of college students and to provide basic resources for a counseling program and sexual health education program by identifying general tendency of sexual behavior and analyzing demographic and environmental variables that affect sexual behaviors. METHODS: To identify sexual behaviors according to demographic and environmental variables of college students, t-test and one way ANOVA were done using the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program. Multiple regression analysis was done to identify the effects of demographic and environmental variables upon sexual behaviors. RESULTS: As to sexual behaviors, male students, upper grade students, engineering division students, students with higher economic status, students with opposite gender friends, and students with experience in receiving obscene materials were more vulnerable to sexual behavior. As to demographic and environmental variables, they explained 25% of variances in 'sexual behavior'. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that development of mental health nursing strategies for university students are required for effective sexual counseling on sound relationships and sexual health matters.
Counseling ; Education ; Erotica ; Friends ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Health ; Nursing ; Reproductive Health ; Sexual Behavior*

PURPOSE: In this study the fitness of a path model on sexual risk behavior in adolescents was examined including the relationship of the following sensation seeking, parent-adolescent communication, exposure to pornography, friends' attitudes to sex, attitudes to sexual behavior, sexual permissiveness, perceived behavioral control, and sexual behavioral intention. METHODS: The participants were 354 adolescents. Data were analyzed using the SPSS and AMOS programs. RESULTS: Parent-adolescent communication, exposure to pornography, friends' attitudes to sex, and sexual behavioral intention showed a direct effect on sexual risk behavior in adolescents, while sensation seeking, exposure to pornography, friends' attitudes to sex, attitudes to sexual behavior, sexual permissiveness, and perceived behavioral control showed an indirect effect on sexual risk behavior in adolescents. The modified path model of adolescent's sexual risk behavior had a good fit with the data. CONCLUSION: Based on the outcomes of this study, it is necessary to design intervention programs that emphasize increasing parent-adolescent communication, perceived behavioral control, and sexual behavioral intention and reducing exposure to pornography, friends' attitudes to sex, attitudes to sexual behavior, and sexual permissiveness in order to decrease adolescent's sexual risk behavior.
Adolescent* ; Erotica ; Humans ; Intention ; Permissiveness ; Risk-Taking* ; Sensation ; Sexual Behavior

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to predict when college students in Korea have their first sexual intercourse and to explore the factors associated with the timing of first sexual intercourse. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data are collected by using self-report survey toward total 797 of male and female college students who are currently attending the college in Busan, Korea. Students were divided by four groups according to their age of timing of first sexual intercourse, <16 years, between 16 to under 19, over 19 years and non-experienced. To examine the difference of four groups, Chi-square test and ANOVA (analysis of variance) were used. For estimation of the timing of first sexual intercourse we used Kaplan-Meier estimation and for differences of each group we used log-rank test. To identify the factors associated with the timing of first sexual intercourse we used Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: 41.4% of college students have experienced sexual intercourse. Of four groups the early sexual intercourse group (<16 years) had high rate of cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, drug use, open sexual attitude, and a high number of sex partner. The factors associated with the timing of first sexual intercourse among college students was identified male, open parents attitude about sex, pornography experiences, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking. CONCLUSIONS: This study predicts the timing of first sexual intercourse among college students in Korea. Early sexual debut is an important indicator for continued risk behavior regarding reproductive health.
Alcohol Drinking ; Coitus ; Erotica ; Female ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Korea ; Male ; Parents ; Reproductive Health ; Risk-Taking ; Smoking

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between internet addiction and emotional and behavioral problems in 5th and 6th grade elementary school students and middle school students. METHODS: Two elementary school and two middle schools were chosen to participate. The participants completed self-report questionnaires designed by authors, an internet addiction scale, and the Korean Youth Self Report (K-YSR). RESULTS: The prevalence of internet addiction was 1.5%. We defined the upper 30% of internet addiction scores as an addiction tendency group and the lower 30% as a control group. There were significant differences in the gender ratio, age, and average length of each internet use, years of internet use experience, and exposure to pornography between the two groups. Linear regression analysis showed that significant association was found between internet addiction scores and withdrawn problems in middle school students but not in elementary school students. The level of internet addiction was associated with a high occurrence rate of total behavioral problems and delinquent behavior problems in boys and depression/anxiety problems in girls. CONCLUSION: This data supports that withdrawn and delinquent behaviors could be predictable factors of internet addiction, and gender differences may exist in the development of internet addiction. The intervention focused on these findings could be effective to prevent and treat internet addiction in children and adolescents.
Adolescent ; Child ; Erotica ; Humans ; Internet ; Linear Models ; Prevalence ; Psychopathology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Self Report

OBJECTIVE: To assess the dynamic activations of the key brain areas associated with the time-course of the sexual arousal evoked by visual sexual stimuli in healthy male subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fourteen right-handed heterosexual male volunteers participated in this study. Alternatively combined rest period and erotic video visual stimulation were used according to the standard block design. In order to illustrate and quantify the spatiotemporal activation patterns of the key brain regions, the activation period was divided into three different stages as the EARLY, MID and LATE stages. RESULTS: For the group result (p < 0.05), when comparing the MID stage with the EARLY stage, a significant increase of the brain activation was observed in the areas that included the inferior frontal gyrus, the supplementary motor area, the hippocampus, the head of the caudate nucleus, the midbrain, the superior occipital gyrus and the fusiform gyrus. At the same time, when comparing the EARLY stage with the MID stage, the putamen, the globus pallidus, the pons, the thalamus, the hypothalamus, the lingual gyrus and the cuneus yielded significantly increased activations. When comparing the LATE stage with the MID stage, all the above mentioned brain regions showed elevated activations except the hippocampus. CONCLUSION: Our results illustrate the spatiotemporal activation patterns of the key brain regions across the three stages of visual sexual arousal.
Adult ; Brain/anatomy & histology/*physiology ; Brain Mapping/methods ; *Erotica ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods ; Male ; Photic Stimulation/*methods ; Reference Values ; Sexual Behavior/*physiology ; Time Factors ; *Videotape Recording ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Erotica* ; Female ; Humans ; Internet*

PURPOSE: The present study was intended to compare difference in research variables between delinquent adolescents and student adolescents, and to analyze discriminative factors of delinquent behaviors among Korean adolescents. METHODS: The research design of this study was a questionnaire survey. Questionnaires were administered to 2,167 adolescents (1,196 students and 971 delinquents), sampled from 8 middle and high school and 6 juvenile corrective institutions, using the proportional stratified random sampling method. Statistical methods employed were Chi-square, t-test, and logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The discriminative factors of delinquent behaviors were smoking, alcohol use, other drug use, being sexually abused, viewing time of media violence and pornography. Among these discriminative factors, the factor most strongly associated with delinquency was smoking (odds ratio: 32.32). That is, smoking adolescent has a 32-fold higher possibility of becoming a delinquent adolescent than a non-smoking adolescent. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings, that smoking was the strongest discriminative factor of delinquent behavior, suggest that educational strategies to prevent adolescent smoking may reduce the rate of juvenile delinquency. Antismoking educational efforts are therefore urgently needed in South Korea.
Adolescent ; Adolescent Behavior/*ethnology ; Adolescent Psychology ; Chi-Square Distribution ; Child Abuse, Sexual/ethnology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Discriminant Analysis ; Erotica/psychology ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Family/ethnology ; Female ; Health Education ; Humans ; Juvenile Delinquency/*ethnology/prevention & control/statistics & numerical data ; Korea/epidemiology ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Mass Media ; Questionnaires ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors ; Smoking/adverse effects/ethnology ; Students/psychology/statistics & numerical data ; Substance-Related Disorders/complications/ethnology ; Violence/ethnology

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the functional neuroanatomy associated with sexual arousal visually evoked in depressed males who have underlying sexual dysfunction using Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent-based fMRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten healthy volunteers (age range 21-55: mean 32.5 years), and 10 depressed subjects (age range 23-51: mean 34.4 years, mean Beck Depression Inventory score of 39.6+/-5.9, mean Hamilton Rating Scale Depression (HAMD) -17 score of 33.5+/-6.0) with sexual arousal dysfunction viewed erotic and neutral video films during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with 1.5 T MR scanner (GE Signa Horizon). The fMRI data were obtained from 7 oblique planes using gradient-echo EPI (flip angle/TR/TE= 90 degrees/6000 ms/50 ms). The visual stimulation paradigm began with 60 sec of black screen, 150 sec of neutral stimulation with a documentary video film, 30 sec of black screen, 150 sec of sexual stimulation with an erotic video film followed by 30 sec of black screen. The brain activation maps and their quantification were analyzed by SPM99 program. RESULTS: There was a significant difference of brain activation between two groups during visual sexual stimulation. In depressed subjects, the level of activation during the visually evoked sexual arousal was significantly less than that of healthy volunteers, especially in the cerebrocortical areas of the hypothalamus, thalamus, caudate nucleus, and inferior and superior temporal gyri. On the other hand, the cerebral activation patterns during the neutral condition in both groups showed no significant differences (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: This study is the first demonstration of the functional neuroanatomy of the brain associated with sexual dysfunction in depressed patients using fMRI. In order to validate our physiological neuroscience results, further studies that would include patients with other disorders and sexual dysfunction, and depressed patients without sexual dysfunction and their treatment response are needed.
Adult ; *Brain Mapping ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Depressive Disorder/complications/*physiopathology ; *Erotica ; Human ; *Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxygen/blood ; *Photic Stimulation ; Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological/*physiopathology ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't