Soil cadmium (Cd) pollution is one of the major environmental problems globally. Ophiopogon japonicus, a multifunctional plant extensively used in traditional Chinese medicine, has demonstrated potential in environmental remediation. This study investigated the Cd accumulation pattern of O. japonicus under cadmium stress and identified the heavy metal ATPase (HMA) family members in this plant. Our results demonstrated that O. japonicus exhibited a Cd enrichment factor (EF) of 2.75, demonstrating strong potential for soil Cd pollution remediation. Nine heavy metal ATPase (HMA) members of P1B-ATPases were successfully identified from the transcriptome data of O. japonicus, with OjHMA1-OjHMA6 classified as the Zn/Co/Cd/Pb-ATPases and OjHMA7-OjHMA9 as the Cu/Ag-ATPases. The expression levels of OjHMA1, OjHMA2, OjHMA3, and OjHMA7 were significantly up-regulated under Cd stress, highlighting their crucial roles in cadmium ion absorption and transport. The topological analysis revealed that these proteins possessed characteristic transmembrane (TM) segments of the family, along with functional A, P, and N domains involved in regulating ion absorption and release. Metal ion-binding sites (M4, M5, and M6) existed on the TM segments. Based on the number of transmembrane domains and the residues at metal ion-binding sites, the plant HMA family members were categorized into three subgroups: P1B-1 ATPases, P1B-2 ATPases, and P1B-4 ATPases. Specifically, the P1B-1 ATPase subgroup included the motifs TM4(CPC), TM5(YN[X]₄P), and TM6(M[XX]SS); the P1B-2 ATPase subgroup featured the motifs TM4(CPC), TM5(K), and TM6(DKTGT); the P1B-4 ATPase subgroup contained the motifs TM4(SPC) and TM6(HE[X]GT), all of which were critical for protein functions. Molecular docking results revealed the importance of conserved sequences such as CPC/SPC, DKTGT, and HE[X]GT in metal ion coordination and stabilization. These findings provide potential molecular targets for enhancing Cd uptake and tolerance of O. japonicus by genetic engineering and lay a theoretical foundation for developing new cultivars with high Cd accumulation capacity.
Cadmium/metabolism* ; Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism* ; Ophiopogon/drug effects* ; Soil Pollutants/toxicity* ; Plant Proteins/metabolism* ; Stress, Physiological ; Multigene Family ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant

Objective To investigate the needs of the main caregivers of patients with spinal cord injury following neurogenic bowel dysfunction to participate in the whole process of intestinal management.Methods Nine main caregivers of patients with spinal cord injury in Jiangsu Province Hospital from January to Decem-ber,2024 were selected with objective sampling method.They were investigated face-to-face semi-structured in-depth interviews,and the data were analyzed,summarized and extracted by Colaizzi 7-step analysis method.Results Three themes and eight sub-themes were extracted:the needs of professional knowledge and skills standards in intestinal management(lack of intestinal training knowledge,lack of ability to acquire knowledge and different standards of medical institutions);the needs of physical ability and decision making ability participating in intesti-nal training(lack of participation,single decision-making behavior,excessive dependence on medical personnel);the desire for therapeutic benefits and the needs for building psychological confidence(concerns about the pa-tient's prognosis,overdependence on medication).Conclusion Clinical medical staff should pay attention to the actual needs and difficulties faced by the main caregivers of patients with neurogenic bowel dysfunction to participate in the entire intestinal management,and construct targeted training programs,strengthen the skills and knowledge training,to enhance their autonomy and responsi-bility,to achieve the rehabilitation goal better.

Objective:To summarize the clinicopathological features, evolving trends in treatment and surgical approaches, and survival outcomes of patients who underwent D2 radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer in Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital over the past 11 years with the goal of providing a reference for the clinical practice of gastric cancer in this region.Methods:A retrospective observational study was conducted to analyze the clinicopathological data of patients who underwent D2 radical gastrectomy for pathologically confirmed gastric malignancy at the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital from January, 2013 to December, 2023. Exclusion criteria consisted of: (1) residual gastric cancer or recurrent gastric cancer after surgery; (2) emergency gastric cancer resection due to bleeding, perforation, obstruction, or other causes; (3) comorbidity with other primary malignant tumors; (4) severe preoperative cardiopulmonary insufficiency or hepatic and renal insufficiency who cannot tolerate radical surgery; and (5) inconsistent main diagnosis information across the medical record system, pathological system, and gastric cancer-specific database. Patients were divided into three groups based on treatment methods: the surgery-only group, the perioperative chemotherapy group, and the adjuvant chemotherapy group. Endpoints included: (1) baseline patient characteristics; (2) trends in tumor location and pathological features; (3) evolution of treatment modalities; and (4) survival outcomes.Results:A total of 15,644 patients were included in the analysis, with 12,591 males and 3,053 females, the male-to-female gender ration was approximately 4∶1; the mean age was (61.2±9.5) years. The tumor sites were mainly concentrated in the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) (57.4%), followed by the antrum (25.9%). The incidence of EGJ cancer initially rose and then declined. However, gastric antrum tumors remained stable, and gastric body tumors showed a slow upward trend after 2020, accounting for 16.7%. In terms of pathological types, poorly differentiated carcinoma was the most prevalent, accounting for 55.9%, followed by moderately differentiated carcinoma (24.2%), mucinous adenocarcinoma (or signet ring cell carcinoma,14.1%), neuroendocrine carcinoma (4.8%), and well-differentiated carcinoma (0.9%). The proportion of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma showed a significant upward trend overall as well, peaking at 65.6% in 2022 and decreasing to 57.5% in 2023. Mucinous adenocarcinoma (or signet ring cell carcinoma) exhibited fluctuations with a first increase followed by a decrease: it peaked at 17.3% in 2018, dropped sharply to 8.4% in 2022, and rose back to 13.8% in 2023. The proportions of well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, and neuroendocrine tumors remained stable year by year. In terms of pathological staging, the overall proportions of gastric cancer at Stage 0, Stage I, Stage II, Stage III, and Stage IVa were 0.5%, 17.3%, 25.1%, 54.9%, and 2.3%, respectively. For Stage III, its proportion was 74.6% in 2013, which decreased to 46.4% by 2023. Stages I and II gastric cancer showed an upward trend, with their proportions rising from 10.2% and 12.1% in 2013 to nearly 21.0% and 29.6% in 2023, respectively. Between 2013 and 2023, the proportion of patients who received surgery alone continued to decrease, with this proportion dropping to 34.7% in 2023. In contrast, the number of patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy increased year by year, reaching 54.2% in 2023. Since 2017, the application of perioperative chemotherapy has gradually increased, rising to 11.1% in 2023. Immunotherapy showed an almost synchronous growth trend with perioperative chemotherapy. However, targeted therapy exhibited a downward trend after a period of growth. There were 10,704 cases of open surgery (68.4%), 4,744 cases of laparoscopic surgery (30.3%), and 193 cases of transthoracic surgery (1.2%). Pathological margin positivity was observed in 443 cases (2.8%), and the volume of gastric cancer surgeries gradually increased, peaked in 2021 before subsequently decreasing gradually. However, the volume of laparoscopic surgeries did not decrease; instead, it showed an upward trend. The main resection method for EGJ tumors was total gastrectomy, accounting for 78.5% of the total, followed by proximal gastrectomy, which accounted for 21.5%. After total gastrectomy, esophagojejunal Roux-en-Y anastomosis was the primary anastomotic method, and for proximal gastrectomy, the main anastomotic method was esophagogastric anastomosis, which accounted for 68.0% of the total. For distal gastrectomy, Billroth II anastomosis was the most common anastomotic technique, accounting for 92.7% of these procedures. The overall incidence of postoperative complications was 14.5% (2,264/15,644), among which the incidence of severe complications (grades III-IV) was 4.5% (706/15,644). The entire cohort was followed up with for (47.1±36.8) months, and the 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year overall survival rates were 86.4%, 65.9%, and 58.1%, respectively. For patients with stage 0, I, II, III, and IV gastric adenocarcinoma, the 1-year overall survival rates were 95.7%, 98.0%, 89.4%, 81.0%, and 49.1%, respectively; the 3-year overall survival rates were 92.1%, 94.6%, 81.9%, 51.4%, and 14.7%, respectively; and the 5-year overall survival rates were 89.4%, 91.7%, 75.1%, 41.5%, and 10.0%, respectively. For patients with stage I, II, III, and IV gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma, the 1-year overall survival rates were 96.7%, 91.1%, 73.8%, and 52.6%, respectively; the 3-year overall survival rates were 87.2%, 69.6%, 46.1%, and 32.1%, respectively; and the 5-year overall survival rates were 87.2%, 62.2%, 36.7%, and 32.1%, respectively.Conclusions:Gastric cancer in Shanxi Province is characterized by a male predominance, a high prevalence of tumors at the esophagogastric junction, a large proportion of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, and presentation at advanced stages (predominantly Stage III). The detection rate of early gastric cancer has been increasing year by year, the volume of laparoscopic surgeries has been on the rise annually, and the treatment model has shifted from single surgery to comprehensive treatment.

Objective To investigate the needs of the main caregivers of patients with spinal cord injury following neurogenic bowel dysfunction to participate in the whole process of intestinal management.Methods Nine main caregivers of patients with spinal cord injury in Jiangsu Province Hospital from January to Decem-ber,2024 were selected with objective sampling method.They were investigated face-to-face semi-structured in-depth interviews,and the data were analyzed,summarized and extracted by Colaizzi 7-step analysis method.Results Three themes and eight sub-themes were extracted:the needs of professional knowledge and skills standards in intestinal management(lack of intestinal training knowledge,lack of ability to acquire knowledge and different standards of medical institutions);the needs of physical ability and decision making ability participating in intesti-nal training(lack of participation,single decision-making behavior,excessive dependence on medical personnel);the desire for therapeutic benefits and the needs for building psychological confidence(concerns about the pa-tient's prognosis,overdependence on medication).Conclusion Clinical medical staff should pay attention to the actual needs and difficulties faced by the main caregivers of patients with neurogenic bowel dysfunction to participate in the entire intestinal management,and construct targeted training programs,strengthen the skills and knowledge training,to enhance their autonomy and responsi-bility,to achieve the rehabilitation goal better.

Objective:To summarize the clinicopathological features, evolving trends in treatment and surgical approaches, and survival outcomes of patients who underwent D2 radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer in Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital over the past 11 years with the goal of providing a reference for the clinical practice of gastric cancer in this region.Methods:A retrospective observational study was conducted to analyze the clinicopathological data of patients who underwent D2 radical gastrectomy for pathologically confirmed gastric malignancy at the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital from January, 2013 to December, 2023. Exclusion criteria consisted of: (1) residual gastric cancer or recurrent gastric cancer after surgery; (2) emergency gastric cancer resection due to bleeding, perforation, obstruction, or other causes; (3) comorbidity with other primary malignant tumors; (4) severe preoperative cardiopulmonary insufficiency or hepatic and renal insufficiency who cannot tolerate radical surgery; and (5) inconsistent main diagnosis information across the medical record system, pathological system, and gastric cancer-specific database. Patients were divided into three groups based on treatment methods: the surgery-only group, the perioperative chemotherapy group, and the adjuvant chemotherapy group. Endpoints included: (1) baseline patient characteristics; (2) trends in tumor location and pathological features; (3) evolution of treatment modalities; and (4) survival outcomes.Results:A total of 15,644 patients were included in the analysis, with 12,591 males and 3,053 females, the male-to-female gender ration was approximately 4∶1; the mean age was (61.2±9.5) years. The tumor sites were mainly concentrated in the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) (57.4%), followed by the antrum (25.9%). The incidence of EGJ cancer initially rose and then declined. However, gastric antrum tumors remained stable, and gastric body tumors showed a slow upward trend after 2020, accounting for 16.7%. In terms of pathological types, poorly differentiated carcinoma was the most prevalent, accounting for 55.9%, followed by moderately differentiated carcinoma (24.2%), mucinous adenocarcinoma (or signet ring cell carcinoma,14.1%), neuroendocrine carcinoma (4.8%), and well-differentiated carcinoma (0.9%). The proportion of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma showed a significant upward trend overall as well, peaking at 65.6% in 2022 and decreasing to 57.5% in 2023. Mucinous adenocarcinoma (or signet ring cell carcinoma) exhibited fluctuations with a first increase followed by a decrease: it peaked at 17.3% in 2018, dropped sharply to 8.4% in 2022, and rose back to 13.8% in 2023. The proportions of well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, and neuroendocrine tumors remained stable year by year. In terms of pathological staging, the overall proportions of gastric cancer at Stage 0, Stage I, Stage II, Stage III, and Stage IVa were 0.5%, 17.3%, 25.1%, 54.9%, and 2.3%, respectively. For Stage III, its proportion was 74.6% in 2013, which decreased to 46.4% by 2023. Stages I and II gastric cancer showed an upward trend, with their proportions rising from 10.2% and 12.1% in 2013 to nearly 21.0% and 29.6% in 2023, respectively. Between 2013 and 2023, the proportion of patients who received surgery alone continued to decrease, with this proportion dropping to 34.7% in 2023. In contrast, the number of patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy increased year by year, reaching 54.2% in 2023. Since 2017, the application of perioperative chemotherapy has gradually increased, rising to 11.1% in 2023. Immunotherapy showed an almost synchronous growth trend with perioperative chemotherapy. However, targeted therapy exhibited a downward trend after a period of growth. There were 10,704 cases of open surgery (68.4%), 4,744 cases of laparoscopic surgery (30.3%), and 193 cases of transthoracic surgery (1.2%). Pathological margin positivity was observed in 443 cases (2.8%), and the volume of gastric cancer surgeries gradually increased, peaked in 2021 before subsequently decreasing gradually. However, the volume of laparoscopic surgeries did not decrease; instead, it showed an upward trend. The main resection method for EGJ tumors was total gastrectomy, accounting for 78.5% of the total, followed by proximal gastrectomy, which accounted for 21.5%. After total gastrectomy, esophagojejunal Roux-en-Y anastomosis was the primary anastomotic method, and for proximal gastrectomy, the main anastomotic method was esophagogastric anastomosis, which accounted for 68.0% of the total. For distal gastrectomy, Billroth II anastomosis was the most common anastomotic technique, accounting for 92.7% of these procedures. The overall incidence of postoperative complications was 14.5% (2,264/15,644), among which the incidence of severe complications (grades III-IV) was 4.5% (706/15,644). The entire cohort was followed up with for (47.1±36.8) months, and the 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year overall survival rates were 86.4%, 65.9%, and 58.1%, respectively. For patients with stage 0, I, II, III, and IV gastric adenocarcinoma, the 1-year overall survival rates were 95.7%, 98.0%, 89.4%, 81.0%, and 49.1%, respectively; the 3-year overall survival rates were 92.1%, 94.6%, 81.9%, 51.4%, and 14.7%, respectively; and the 5-year overall survival rates were 89.4%, 91.7%, 75.1%, 41.5%, and 10.0%, respectively. For patients with stage I, II, III, and IV gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma, the 1-year overall survival rates were 96.7%, 91.1%, 73.8%, and 52.6%, respectively; the 3-year overall survival rates were 87.2%, 69.6%, 46.1%, and 32.1%, respectively; and the 5-year overall survival rates were 87.2%, 62.2%, 36.7%, and 32.1%, respectively.Conclusions:Gastric cancer in Shanxi Province is characterized by a male predominance, a high prevalence of tumors at the esophagogastric junction, a large proportion of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, and presentation at advanced stages (predominantly Stage III). The detection rate of early gastric cancer has been increasing year by year, the volume of laparoscopic surgeries has been on the rise annually, and the treatment model has shifted from single surgery to comprehensive treatment.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the method for simultaneous determination of paeoniflorin,amygdalin,ferulic acid and ligustrazine in Modified buying huanwu decoction.METHODS:RP-HPLC method was adopted.The determination was performed on YMC C18 column with the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1％ phosphoric acid (gradient elution) at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.The detection wavelengths were set at 320 nm (femlic acid),230 nm (paeoniflorin),207 nm (amygdalin),280 nm (ligustrazine).The column temperature was 30 ℃,and sample size was 10 μL.RESULTS:The linear ranges of paeoniflorin,amygdalin,femlic acid and ligustrazine were 0.191 2-1.912 μg/mL (r=0.999 6),0.117 4-1.174 μg/mL (r=0.999 6),0.011 5-0.115 μg/mL (r=0.999 8) and 0.001 66-0.016 6 μg/mL(r=0.999 7),respectively.The limits of quantitation were 1.912,1.174,0.115,0.016 6 μg/mL,and the limits of detection were 0.25,0.40,0.05,0.008 5 μg/mL,respectively.RSDs of precision,stability and reproducible tests were all lower than 2.0％.The recoveries were 96.9％-100.3％ (RSD=1.3％,n=6),95.1％-100.3％ (RSD=2.2％,n=6),95.3％-100.2％ (RSD=2.0％,n=6)and 97.0％-100.0％ (RSD=1.3％,n=6).CONCLUSIONS:The method is reliable,simple and accurate,and is suitable for simultaneous determination of paeoniflorin,amygdalin,ferulic acid and ligustrazine in Modified buyang huanwu decoction.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of rosiglitazone (ROS) on the expression of adiponectin receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) mRNA in gingival tissue and inflammatory factors,and on the potential of bone loss in the rats with experimental periodontitis.Methods:10 male Sprague-Dawley rats without treatment were used as the controls;40 were used for the creation of periodontis models and then treated by rosiglitazone at 0(periodontitis control),1,3,10 mg/kg(low,median and high dose groups) respectively 1/d for 4 weeks.RT-PCR was used to examine the expression of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 mRNA in gingiva tissue.Levels of gingival TNF-α,MMP-9 and plasma adiponectin was measured by ELISA.CEJ-A was measured for the evaluation of alveolar bone loss by standard digital photographs.Results:The expression levels of gingival AdipoRl and AdipoR2 mRNA in periodontitis group is lower than that in the control group(P ＜ 0.01).The concentration of plasma adiponectin had no significant difference between control group and periodontitis group(P ＞ 0.05).The concentration of gingival TNF-α,MMP-9 in periodontitis group was significantly higher than that in control group (P ＜ 0.01).Compared with periodontitis group,ROS treatment increased the expression levels of AdipoR1 mRNA(P ＜ 0.05)and decreased the concentration of TNF-α in gingival tissue.Median and high dose treatment increased the expression levels of AdipoR2 (P ＜ 0.01) and the concentration of plasma adiponectin(P ＜ 0.05),decreased the concentration of MMP-9 in gingival tissue (P ＜ 0.01)and the alveolar bone loss(P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion:Rosiglitazone treatment may reduce inflammatory response and suppress the bone resorption probably through up-regulation of the expression of adiponectin receptors and decrease of the concentration of TNF-α,MMP-9 in gingival tissue.

To explore the impact of Salmonella on Enterococcusfaecalis isolate N41 under the coexisting,the growth traits and the transcription of 26 virulence genes of N41 at various growth phases were detected.Salmonella and/or N41 were inoculated and done plate counting,then growth curves were drawn and bacterial total RNA were extracted at given time points,quantitive realtime PCR was used to analyze the RNA transcription levels of 26 virulence genes of N41.The result showed that comparison with single incubation,the bacteria concentration of N41 dropped about 3.9 times,and Salmonella dropped about 110-times.Among 26 virulence genes of N41,the RNA transcription levels of 12 virulence genes such as ebpA,ebpC,rnjB,ace,ebpR,psr and so on were promoted at the four growth phases,but the RNA transcription levels of SlyA and sprE were dropped.Except that the RNA transcription levels of CylL-S,CylL-L,efaA and AS had no significant changes at the four growth phases,the mostly rest genes increased dramatically at post-log phase.This indicated that when incubated together,N41 inhibited the growth of Salmonella significantly,and Salmonella promoted the transcription levels of virulence genes of N41 as a whole.The results lay a foundation for further research on the interaction between bacteria species and the pathogenicity mechanism of Enterococci.

Thyroid carcinoma is very common in clinical malignant tumors, while papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common pathological type. The chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease. In recent years, a growing number of cases of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis combined with PTC are found in clinic, so the relationship between them has become a hot focus. This article will summarize the current research from epidemiology, pathogenesis and pathological morphology.

Objective To determine the relationship of the expression of aquaporin 5 (AQP5)with clinicopathology and prognosis of colorectal cancer.Methods We collected data from 45 patients with primary colorectal cancer without any adjuvant therapy before operation.The expression of AQP5 was measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC).Then we analyzed the correlation between AQP5 expression and clinicopathological parameters (including age,tumor size,clinical staging,tumor location,lymph node and pathological type)and the connection between AQP5 expression and prognosis based on follow-up data.Results Of the 45 tumor specimens,14 (31.1%)had a high level of AQP5 expression,29 (64.4%)exhibited a moderate level of staining,and 2 (4.4%)had an absence of AQP5 staining.AQP5 was only occasionally detected in para-neoplastic [3/45 (6.67%)]and normal tissues [3/45 (6.67%)].The overexpression of AQP5 was also positively associated with TNM stage (P =0.002),lymph node metastasis (P =0.01 6),and distant metastasis (P =0.000).However,it had no significant association with age, gender,histologic grade or tumor size (P > 0.05 ).Conclusion AQP5 may be used as a novel biomarker for predicting the prognosis of colorectal cancer.