Objective: This study aimed to determine the molecular repercussions of chronic treatment and potential biomarker candidates by comparing the expression profiles of 34 selected miRNAs in peripheral plasma of patients with bipolar disorder receiving pharmacotherapy for at least one year with healthy controls. Methods: The study included 40 patients with bipolar disorder and 40 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The miRNA fraction was obtained from plasma samples isolated from peripheral blood. 34 target miRNAs were quantified on the Biomark Real-Time PCR Dynamic Array TM IFC platform. Control and bipolar groups were compared based on ΔCt values. Results: After applying multiple comparison corrections, we found that the following miRNAs significantly decreased in the bipolar group: hsa-miR-222-3p, hsa-miR-574-3p, hsa-miR-145-5p, and hsa-miR-195-5p. Conversely, hsa-miR-25-3p exhibited an increase. The most notable increases were seen in hsa-miR-92a-3p, with a fold change of 1.25 (p ＜ 0.001; q = 0.009), and hsa-miR-486-5p, with a fold change of 1.67 (p = 0.002; q = 0.033). Additionally, other miRNAs showed raw p values less than 0.05, but they lost statistical significance after false discovery rate correction. Conclusion Peripheral plasma miRNA profiles in chronic bipolar disorder revealed elevated miR-92a-3p and miR-486-5p and decreased miR-222-3p, miR-574-3p, miR-145-5p and miR-195-5p. These miRNAs may be suitable for evaluation as minimally invasive biomarker candidates in bipolar disorder, and their potential clinical use in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring should be investigated with further studies.

OBJECTIVE: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental syndrome with an increasingly prevalent etiology, yet not fully understood. It has been thought that vitamin D, complex B vitamin levels and homocysteine are associated with environmental factors and are important in ASD. The aim of this study was to examine serum vitamin D, vitamin D receptor (VDR), homocysteine, vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and folate levels in ASD. METHODS: In this study, serum vitamin D and VDR, homocysteine, vitamins B6, B12 and folate levels were determined in 60 patients with ASD (aged 3 to 12 years) and in 45 age-gender matched healthy controls. In addition, calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase, which are associated with vitamin D metabolism, were measured from serum in both groups. ASD severity was evaluted by the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). RESULTS: Serum vitamin D and VDR were substantially reduced in patients with ASD in comparision to control group. However, homocysteine level was significantly higher and vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and folate were also reduced in patients with ASD. Total CARS score showed a positive association with homocysteine and a negative correlation with vitamins D, B6, B12, folate and VDR. CONCLUSION: This comprehensive study, which examines many parameters has shown that low serum levels of vitamins D, B6, B12, folate and VDR as well as high homocysteine are important in the etiopathogenesis of ASD. However, further studies are required to define the precise mechanism(s) of these parameters and their contributions to the etiology and treatment of ASD.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Autism Spectrum Disorder* ; Autistic Disorder* ; Calcium ; Child* ; Folic Acid ; Homocysteine ; Humans ; Metabolism ; Phosphorus ; Receptors, Calcitriol* ; Vitamin B 12 ; Vitamin B 6 ; Vitamin D* ; Vitamins*

OBJECTIVE: Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a common anxiety disorder. Although lots of research done to reveal neurobiological basis of GAD, it is still unclear. Diagnosis of GAD depends on subjective complaints of patients, thus the need for a biological marker is constantly emerging. In this study, we aimed to investigate diagnostic value of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in GAD. METHODS: We evaluated MDA, SOD, and CAT levels in peripheral blood of 46 patients and 45 controls. MDA was measured with Ohkawa’s methods, SOD was measured with Fridovich method, and CAT was measured with Beutler’s method. RESULTS: MDA was significantly increased in patients than controls, medians 4.05 nmol/mg and 1.71 nmol/mg respectively, p < 0.001; SOD and CAT activity was significantly decreased in patients than controls, medians of SOD were 159.07 U/mg and 301.87 U/mg, p < 0.001 respectively, medians for CAT were 138.47 U/mg and 160.60 U/mg respectively. We found high correlation between Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and SOD, MDA r values were 0.723 and 0.715 respectively, p < 0.001 for both. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed high diagnostic performance for MDA and SOD, low diagnostic performance for CAT, areas under curve were 1.0, 1.0, and 0.648 respectively. CONCLUSION: Our results reveal possible diagnostic value of MDA, less likely of SOD but not CAT. Future studies should investigate diagnostic value of oxidants and antioxidantn enzymes in larger samples and include diagnostic value of these parameters.
Animals ; Anxiety Disorders ; Anxiety ; Biomarkers ; Catalase ; Cats ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Malondialdehyde ; Methods ; Oxidants ; Superoxide Dismutase ; Superoxides