A simple, sensitive and reliable method was developed for simultaneous determination of ten banned drugs residues including zeranols(ZALs),chloroamphenicol,pentachlorophenol,etc. in swine urine using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The urine samples were pretreated using lyophilization and QuEChERS procedures, respectively. Acetonitrile and ammonium acetate (5 mmol/L) were chosen as mobile phases. Target compounds were separated well in ZorbaxSB-C18by following the optimized gradient elution program and determined by LC-MS/MS in negative electrospray ionization mode. The linearity of the matrix-matched standard curve of ten analytes in two methods was good in the range of the experimental concentration with correlation coefficients more than 0.99. The recoveries of ten drugs were in the range of 80.7%-107.7% and 73.5%-103.3% at the spiked levels of 5,10 and 20 μg/L by lyophilization and QuEChERS methods,respectively. The coefficients of variation were less than 15%. The limits of detection (LOD) and the limits of quantification (LOQ) from lyophilization and QuEChERS method were 0.1 to 2.0 μg/L and 0.2 to 5.0 μg/L,respectively.

Objective To explore the effects of high birth weight (HBW) on blood pressure (BP) during childhood.Methods A total of 1435 couples with high or normal birth weight were selected from a birth cohort who were born between 1993 and 1995 in Wuxi,China and,followed between 2005 and 2007.A questionnaire survey was conducted,with their height,weight and blood pressure measured.Results The medians of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP)of HBW group were 100 mm Hg (Q1-Q3∶90-110 mm Hg),64 mm Hg (Q1-Q3∶60-70 mm Hg) in the high birth weight group,respectively,while they were 100 mm Hg (Q1-Q3∶90-108 mm Hg),62 mm Hg (Q1-Q3∶60-70 mm Hg) in the normal weight group.No statistical significant difference was found between the exposed and unexposed groups.The proportion of elevated BP,including prehypertension and hypertension,in exposed group was 13.66％,a bit higher than that (11.57％) of the unexposed group (P ＝ 0.055).The relative risk (RR) of HBW on elevated BP was 1.06 (0.92-1.21),after adjusted the following parameters as BMI in childhood,sex,age during the follow-up period,age of mother at delivery,gestational age,type of feeding at infancy,dietary habit as well as the frequencies of exercise during childhood.Conclusion No statistically significant correlation was found between high birth weight and blood pressure of children.

Objective To explore the effect and heaviness of smoking on the routine parameters of semen quality.Methods A total of 727 eligible subjects including 421 smokers and 306 nonsmokers were selected in 2004-2006 in Hebei,Shanxi,Guizhou,Zhejiang and Shandong provinces.Data on background information,general demographic characteristics,exposure to smoking and related confounding factors were obtained through a questionnaire survey.Semen samples of all the subjects were collected during the period of study.Parameters of semen were examined according to the manual recommended by WHO.Results Four models from the multiple logistic regression regarding the semen routine parameters were used as the dependent variables to be fitted in descending order respectively,while six confounders including area,age,abstinence time,education level,history of alcohol intake and the exposure to pesticides atc.,were adjusted.Results showed that smoking could affect the sperm viability,with significantly higher proportion of abnormal sperm viability seen in the smoking group (OR= 1.77,95％ CI:1.12-2.80).Proportions regarding the abnormal mobility and morphology of sperms in the smoking group were also significantly higher than in the control group,with OR values as 1.51 (95％CI:1.00-2.27) and 2.55 (95％CI:1.68-3.88) respectively.The density of sperms was significantly decreased in the smoking groups who smoked more than 20 cigarettes per day (OR= 1.70,95％CI:1.05-2.76) or the total numbers of cigarette consumption exceeding 150 000(OR=1.84,95％CI:1.03-3.29).Conclusion Smoking showed adverse effects on the quality of semens,especially for heavy or long-term smokers.

OBJECTIVETo investigative vacA, cagA and iceA genes dominant genotypes of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) isolated from children suffering from gastric and duodenal diseases in Guangzhou area.

METHODSTotally 105 children who underwent gastroscopy in Guangzhou Children's Hospital were enrolled into this study. From each patient, 3 biopsy specimens from the gastric antrum were taken, one was used for rapid urease test, one for histological examination, and one for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detecting ureA, vacA, cagA, and iceA genes. DNA was prepared directly from the biopsy specimens from the gastric antrum using a QIAamp DNA mini kit (Qiagen, Germany) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Then 11 primers were used for detecting the genotypes including ureas, (s1, s1a, s1b, s1c, s2) and m (m1, m1T, m2) region of vacA, cagA and iceA (iceA1 and iceA2) genotypes in the 105 children. The distribution of the genotypes of Hp was analyzed.

RESULTAmong the 105 children, only 52 children were positive by the three methods, among these 52 children, 26 were boys and 26 girls. Hp vacA s1as1c/m2 was detected in 43 out of 52 children (82.7%), s1as1c/m1T in 9.6% (5/52), m region that could not betyped was 7.7% (4/52). No strains presented genotypes vacA s1b, s2, m1. The comparison of the positive ratio of vacA s1as1 c/m2 detected in the children infected with Hp and that of the other combination of signal region and middle region was statistically significantly different (P < 0.01). With regard to cagA gene, cagA(+) gene and cagA(-) gene were found in 90.4% (47/52) and 9.6% (5/52) of the children, respectively. The cagA(+) gene was more frequent in the children infected with Hp. Single iceA1 was detected in 78.8% (41/52) children, and single iceA2 was detected to be 1.9% (1/52), multiple strains infection of iceA1 and iceA2 were detected in 3.8% (2/52) children, iceA1 and iceA2 were not detected in 15.4% (8/52), the comparison of the positive ratio of iceA1 detected in the children infected with Hp and that of the other genotypes was statistically significantly different (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe s1as1c/m2, cagA and iceA1 were the dominant genotypes of Hp in the children in Guangzhou area and s1as1c/m2, cagA and iceA1 were the dominant genotypes combination of Hp in the children in this area.

Antigens, Bacterial ; genetics ; therapeutic use ; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; Bacterial Proteins ; genetics ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Genes, Bacterial ; drug effects ; genetics ; Genotype ; Helicobacter Infections ; drug therapy ; genetics ; Helicobacter pylori ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Pyloric Antrum ; microbiology

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of acupoint injection by astragalus injection on local SIgA and pathomorphologial changes in rats with chronic pelvic inflammatory disease (CPID).

METHOD50 female Wistar rats were randomly devided into 6 groups, in which CPID model was made except the normal group and sham operation group. The astragalus injection group and the 0.9% NaCl injection group were treated by acupoint injection in Guanyuan (RN4) and Zusanli (ST36). The group was fed Qianjinpian solution into stomach. The histopathologic changes of rats' uterus of each group were observed and SIgA in vagina flushing was detected.

RESULTThe model group showed inflammatory changes, and astragalus injection group and Qianjinpian group showed little histopathologic changes. The levels of SIgA in astragalus injection group were significantly higher than those in other groups, but that in the model group was the lowest.

CONCLUSIONThe deficiency of local SIgA lead to repeatedly attack of CPID. The treatment of acupoint injection by astragalus injection can improve the excretion of SIgA, reinforce the local immunity, and prevent the repeatedly attack.

Acupuncture Points ; Animals ; Astragalus membranaceus ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Female ; Immunoglobulin A, Secretory ; blood ; Injections ; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ; blood ; pathology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Uterus ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo establish a simpler and more accurate method for evaluating in vitro ischemic injury and neuroprotective effects of drugs through improving experimental instrument and quantitative index in mouse brain slices.

METHODSAn incubation instrument was developed and its application tested. 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) was used as a substrate to biosynthesize formazan standard in mouse brain slices, and formazan was isolated, purified and identified. Ischemic injury of mouse brain slices was induced by oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD), the produced formazan from TTC in the cortex and striatum was measured at 490 nm spectrophotometrically. Edaravone and ONO-1078 were added into the incubation medium to observe their neuroprotective effects.

RESULTThe incubation instrument worked well for incubating brain slices and obtaining stable results efficiently. Standard formazan was biosynthesized and purified with a purity of 99.3%, and showed a linear range of 0.05 - 1 mg/ml in absorbance at 490 nm (r=0.9997). OGD decreased formazan production in the cortex and striatum in a duration-dependent manner. Edaravone (0.01 to 1 micromol/L) recovered OGD-induced decrease of formazan production, but ONO-1078 showed no effect.

CONCLUSIONThe incubation instrument and quantitative measurement of formazan developed in this study are efficient,accurate and simple for evaluating ischemic injury and neuroprotection,which can be used in screening of neuroprotective drugs in vitro.

Alprostadil ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Antipyrine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Brain Ischemia ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Formazans ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; Staining and Labeling ; Tetrazolium Salts ; metabolism