Hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma has a high degree of malignancy, hidden location, atypical early symptoms, most patients have reached advanced stage at the time of treatment. Surgical treatment will cause patients to lose laryngeal function and poor postoperative quality of life. The combined application of non-operative therapies such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy can improve the larynx preservation rate of patients and obtain a survival rate similar to that of surgical treatment. Targeted therapy has achieved better results in the treatment of hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, and immunotherapy has also made great progress in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, which brings new hope for patients with hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.