An 8-year-old male patient with chronic granulomatous disease received amphotericin B liposome (unknown dose) in addition to anti-infection treatments with meropenem, compound sulfamethoxazole, and voriconazole due to recurrence of secondary pulmonary infection. After 3 days, the patient developed tachycardia, edema, and worsening dyspnea. Echocardiography revealed severe right heart enlarge- ment and pulmonary hypertension. Cardiotonic, diuretic, and pulmonary antihypertensive therapies were given. After over half a month, his pulmonary infection was improved, pulmonary arterial pressure decreased, but the right heart enlargement persisted. Suspending treatment about half a month later, amphotericin B liposome was reinitiated at a gradually increased dose from 2 mg once daily, in combination with piperacillin sodium and tazobactam sodium and compound sulfamethoxazole due to aggravated cyanosis and cough. After the administration of amphotericin B liposome (50 mg once daily) on day 5, the patient experienced wheezing and facial edema. Laboratory tests showed B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) 4 679 ng/L; echocardiography demonstrated right heart enlargement and pulmonary hypertension. Suspecting that the cardiac dilatation and heart failure were associated with amphotericin B liposome, the drug was discontinued. The anti-infection regimen was switched to biapenem, linezolid and voriconazole, along with continued cardiotonic and diuretic managements. The patient′s symptoms were improved after 10 days, the treatment regimen was changed to compound sulfamethoxazole and voriconazole. However, after 3 days, the patient′s abdominal distension and dyspnea worsened. Endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation were initiated along with cardiotonic and diuretic therapy; anti-infection therapy with cefoperazone sodium and sulbactam sodium combined with voriconazole was given based on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and sputum culture results. One month later, the patient′s condition was improved, showing no right ventricular dilation and reduced pulmonary arterial pressure on echocardiography and BNP 800 ng/L.

An 8-year-old male patient with chronic granulomatous disease received amphotericin B liposome (unknown dose) in addition to anti-infection treatments with meropenem, compound sulfamethoxazole, and voriconazole due to recurrence of secondary pulmonary infection. After 3 days, the patient developed tachycardia, edema, and worsening dyspnea. Echocardiography revealed severe right heart enlarge- ment and pulmonary hypertension. Cardiotonic, diuretic, and pulmonary antihypertensive therapies were given. After over half a month, his pulmonary infection was improved, pulmonary arterial pressure decreased, but the right heart enlargement persisted. Suspending treatment about half a month later, amphotericin B liposome was reinitiated at a gradually increased dose from 2 mg once daily, in combination with piperacillin sodium and tazobactam sodium and compound sulfamethoxazole due to aggravated cyanosis and cough. After the administration of amphotericin B liposome (50 mg once daily) on day 5, the patient experienced wheezing and facial edema. Laboratory tests showed B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) 4 679 ng/L; echocardiography demonstrated right heart enlargement and pulmonary hypertension. Suspecting that the cardiac dilatation and heart failure were associated with amphotericin B liposome, the drug was discontinued. The anti-infection regimen was switched to biapenem, linezolid and voriconazole, along with continued cardiotonic and diuretic managements. The patient′s symptoms were improved after 10 days, the treatment regimen was changed to compound sulfamethoxazole and voriconazole. However, after 3 days, the patient′s abdominal distension and dyspnea worsened. Endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation were initiated along with cardiotonic and diuretic therapy; anti-infection therapy with cefoperazone sodium and sulbactam sodium combined with voriconazole was given based on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and sputum culture results. One month later, the patient′s condition was improved, showing no right ventricular dilation and reduced pulmonary arterial pressure on echocardiography and BNP 800 ng/L.

A rapid resolution liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometric ( RRLC-QTOF/MS) method was used to profile the metabolites of urine samples from atherosclerosis ( AS) patients and healthy controls and find the differential metabolites which could provide the scientific evidence to explain the pathogenesis and early disease diagnose. In the study, 15 AS patients ( age46. 84±2. 41 years) and 15 healthy controls ( age45 . 72±1 . 93 years ) was screened out by VaSera VS-1000 . The urine samples were analyzed by RRLC-QTOF/MS and the resulting data matrices were analyzed by multivariate statistical analysis ( Principal Component Analysis, PCA ) to find the potential biomarkers. The results showed that the urine samples of AS patients were successfully distinguished from those of healthy controls. Besides, a total of two significantly changed metabolites, uric acid and Guanidineacetic acid, had been found and identified as potential biomarkers, which suggested that the disorder of purine metabolism and amino acid metabolism played an important role in the mechanism of AS.