Background: The World Health Organization has projected that by 2050, the global number of new cancer cases will reach 35 million [1]. In 2024, Mongolia ranks first in cancer mortality worldwide. As of 2024, Mongolia ranks 3rd globally for esophageal cancer with a rate of 19.8% per 100,000 people, and 1st for stomach cancer with a rate of 28.6% per 100,000 people [2]. In recent years, the number of new cases of esophageal and stomach cancers recorded in the population of Mongolia has been steadily increasing compared to other countries. According to statistical data in Mongolia, 8169 new cancer cases were registered in 2024, of which 4755 people died from cancer-related causes [3]. In 2024, 64.4% of cancer patients in Mongolia were diagnosed at a late stage, while only 35.6% were diagnosed at an early stage [4]. Compared to the previous year, early-stage cancer diagnosis increased by 65%, indicating an improvement in cancer detection. This progress is closely related to advancements in diagnostic methods. The development of medical technology, particularly the integration of advanced imaging features such as LCI (Linked Color Imaging) and BLI (Blue Light Imaging) into flexible endoscopy, has brought significant breakthroughs in endoscopic examinations [5]. Since 2023, the General Hospital of Khan-Uul District has been using the FUJINON 6000 model flexible endoscope from Japan, equipped with advanced imaging functions such as LCI (Linked Color Imaging) and BLI (Blue Light Imaging). The evaluation of the effectiveness of these technologies in accurately diagnosing early-stage cancers served as the basis for this study. Objective: The objective is to evaluate the accuracy of early-stage cancer detection using special light modes — LCI (Linked Color Imaging) and BLI (Blue Light Imaging) — among patients who underwent esophageal and gastric endoscopic examinations at the General Hospital of Khan-Uul District." Material and Method: In 2023 and 2024, a total of 4,842 patients underwent flexible endoscopic examinations of the esophagus and stomach at the General Hospital of Khan-Uul District. Among them, 82 patients with mucosal abnormalities or microvascular pattern changes in the esophagus, stomach, or small intestine were selected for retrospective analysis. Biopsies were obtained using advanced imaging technologies, specifically LCI (Linked Color Imaging) and BLI (Blue Light Imaging), to assess the diagnostic value of these modalities in detecting early neoplastic changes. Result: In 2023 and 2024, a total of 4,842 patients underwent flexible endoscopic examination of the esophagus and stomach at the General Hospital of Khan-Uul District. Among them, 82 patients with mucosal abnormalities were selected for further evaluation using LCI (Linked Color Imaging) and BLI (Blue Light Imaging), and biopsy samples were obtained. The findings were as follows:
• 18 cases of esophageal cancer were identified, of which 15 cases (83.3%) were early stage and 3 cases (16.6%) were advanced-stage.
• 26 cases of gastric cancer were detected, with 13 cases (50%) in the early stage and 13 cases (50%) in the advanced stage.
• 1 case of early-stage small intestinal cancer was also newly diagnosed.
All 28 early-stage cancer cases underwent endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). The advantages of this procedure include minimal patient discomfort, no visible external wounds, low risk of bleeding or complications, and most importantly, organ preservation, which is a major clinical benefit. Conclusion LCI (Linked Color Imaging) and BLI (Blue Light Imaging) demonstrate greater accuracy in detecting mucosal abnormalities compared to conventional WLI (White Light Imaging) in the early diagnosis of esophageal and gastric cancers. Early detection of malignancies significantly improves patients’ quality of life and increases the 5-year survival rate to over 90%.

Introduction: One of the main ingredients of Anar-5 tablets is Piper longium L. Piperine alkaloids are the main active ingredients of the Piper longum and have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and gastric protection properties.In the framework of the standardization study of Anar-5 tablets, a method was developed to determine the content of piperine in highly perpormance liquid chromatography, and then it was sought to include it in the method of analysis of Anar-5 drugs. Goal: Quantitative determination of piperine in Anar-5 tablets and validate the method Material and Methods: The research was conducted in the Chemistry and Chemical Technology Laboratory of the Research Center of the Institute of Traditional Medicine and Technology. And Anar-5 tablets (serial number 04012020) that are produced for experimental were used in the research. The standard substance, piperine alkaloids, was purchased from Green Chemistry.Purification of HPLC (organic solvent methanol, 99.9%, distilled water) was used. The EX 1600 HP/ PUMP high-performance liquid chromatography instrument (column Arcus EP+-C18, 5µm, 4.6x250 mm) and the organic solvent filter 0.45 μm syringe filter were used. The methodology related to this research was discussed and approved at the online meeting of the Ethics Committee of the Academy of Sciences on January 26, 2021. SPSS 16 software was used to statistically program the survey results. Results : According to the above method, the retention time of the standard piperine is 10.38± 0.02 minutes, and the retention time of the piperine in Anar-5 tablets is 10.42±0.033 minutes. Relative velocity deviation RSD 1.077%, accuracy 0.65446±0.0068mg, stability 0.61298±0.013mg, capture time 10.42±0.033 minutes, relative standard deviation RSD≤2%, specificity 10.35 minutes, The equation of a line constructed with a standard curve is y=43360x-33587 and the correlation coefficient R2=0.9989. The piperine content of Anar-5 tablets was determined to be 0.61298±0.013 mg. The LOD and LOQ for piperine were in 2.268 μg/ml and 6.873 μg/ml, respectively. Conclusion The content of piperine in Anar-5 tablets can be determined by the HPLC method, and the appropriate conditions for this method have been established. The HPLC method is unique, accurate, linear, and stable, and meets ICH Q2 (R1) guideline criteria.

In recent years, due to increased drug use global generic drugs in 2019, the industry generated 79 billion U.S. dollars in generic prescription drug revenue worldwide. Until 2026, the global prescribed generics market is expected to exceed 100 billion U.S. dollars.
The study of generic drugs will be based on the list of comparative products approved by the World Health Organization. The World Health Organization has approved the International List of Essential medicines of international comparator products based on the ANNEX-7 and ANNEX-8. That list includes a total of 572 international comparator products.
Generic drugs has an important role in the market of any country, and generic drugs are required to be similar to comparator products in terms of therapeutic activity, quality, and safety. In multi sources generic drug is equivalent to the treatment of the comparable product, allowing the product to be used as a substitute for analysis.
Some results of recent studies of Ibuprofen is mentioned above here.
In 2010 in Madrid, Spain, the study Investigation on the possibility of biowaivers for Ibuprofen was conducted by Covadonga Lvarez, Ignacio Nunenz, Juan J. Torrado and John Gordon. The aim of the study was to investigate the ability of in vitro dissolution to ensure bioequivalence of ibuprofen products. Ibuprofen is a Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class II drug with low solubility at pH 1.2 and 4.5 and high solubility at pH 6.8. In vivo studies were performed following the updated Declaration of Helsinki, with the approval of the Ethical Committee for Clinical Re- search of the Hospital and the Spanish Agency for Medicines and Health Care Products.
In-vitro evaluation of the pharmaceutical quality of some ibuprofen tablets dispensed in Nigeria, University of Benin, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, analyzed Florence E. Eichie*, Ikhuoria M. Arhewoh and Oliver C. Ezeobi. The Ibuprofen tablets were assessed according to British Pharmacopoeia (BP), and unofficial standards as recommended by the manufacturers. Of the 19 brands of tablets assessed, 12 brands passed the uniformity of content test while 15 brands passed the disintegration test and only four brands passed the dissolution test. Ibuprofen tablets dispensed in Nigeria varied considerably in their pharmaceutical quality.
In 2015 in Nigeria, Benin City, University of Benin, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Studies of comparative UV−HPLC analysis of ten brands of ibuprofen tablets. Those studies investigated the pharmaceutical equivalence of ten brands of ibuprofen tablets (400 mg) purchased from pharmacies in Benin City, Nigeria. According to the results of the study, the weight of the total brand of drugs varies significantly, fluctuates between 6.14-15.93kp due to the action of pressure, and the melting point does not meet the requirements of brands B and G. Drug decomposition brands C, F, H, I meet the requirements, but the solubility indicators D, E, G, I, J inadequate requirements. Brands C and D inadequate requirements for determining the content of ibuprofen in ultraviolet light. However, all brands of drugs approved requirements for HPLC.
In 2020 in Mekelle, Ethiopia, Comparative In Vitro Quality Evaluation of Different Brands of Ibuprofen Tablets Marketed. Studies included seven brands of 400 mg lm coated ibuprofen tablets were randomly purchased from different pharmacies and drug stores in Mekelle. Weight uniformity, hardness, friability, disintegration, dissolution and assay of drug content were performed based on specications stipulated in the British Pharmacopeia (BP) and the United State Pharmacopeia (USP).
All the evaluated products of ibuprofen tablets marketed in Mekelle were within the acceptable compendial limits based on the in vitro results of the study except product IBU-E which failed in the disintegration test.
The aim of the study to determine the in vitro quality of some domestic and imported ibuprofen drugs.